研究生英語閱讀教程翻譯.doc

Unit One1. Let us reflect and we shall see that there is great reason to hope that death is a good, for one of two things-either death is a state of nothingness and utter unconsciousness, or, as men say, there is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another.或者我們換個角度考慮這個問題，我們會看到有很充分的理由讓我們相信死亡是很好的事情，因為死亡無非是兩種可能情況之一：或者他就是空空的一無所有也一無所知，或者，他就是象人們說的，是靈魂的一種遷移，從這個世界，到另外一個世界。 2. I shall then be able to continue my search into true and false knowledge; as in this world, so also in the next; and I shall find out who is wise, and who pretends to be wise, and who is not.最重要的是，在那兒我可以繼續(xù)我對真實和虛假知識的研究，就象在這個世界上一樣，在那個世界也可以這么去做，我會辨別誰是真正聰明的，誰只是裝作聰明而實際上是個笨蛋。jurisprudential: a.法理學(xué)的jurisprudence: n.法學(xué),法理學(xué)jurisprudent: n. 法理學(xué)家; a. 精通法律的Cf. juristic; juryprosecute: v. 1) 對起訴 2)徹底進行,執(zhí)行eg. prosecute an investigation3) 從事, 經(jīng)營 eg. prosecute a tradeprosecutor :原告, 起訴人persecute: v.(尤指由于政治,宗教信仰不同) 迫害,殘害abide: v. (古)逗留, 住; 遵守 abide byeg. abide by discipline abide by consequencesE-C毋庸置疑，任何人都要為自己的一生辯護，不管是今生還是來世。當(dāng)我們出席最后的審判時，記錄天使誦讀出所羅列的我們的罪孽，我們作了懺悔并請求寬恕，這樣大概會被給予辯白(這個詞的老義)和表示歉意(它的新義)的機會。在今生中，道歉(新義)是樁對的事， 但是要做到及時、要心甘情愿、要完完全全、要誠心誠意。如果過錯是看法上的事， 并且錯不當(dāng)罰， 那最好不過說一聲 “對不起”就成了一個顯示大度的機會，可贊可嘆，眾人之楷模也。而被迫去道歉，那可就難受了。此外，隨時準(zhǔn)備好一句道歉的話，是一種高尚行為，特別是在沒有必要道歉時而道歉，更顯示出一個紳士的特質(zhì)。道歉與報復(fù)相對。培根有云:“夫圖報復(fù)焉，汝與汝仇等：茍汝恕之，則汝優(yōu)於汝仇焉；蓋寬恕也，王者之風(fēng)也?！?由是，誰把“對不起”常掛在嘴邊，誰就在道義上掌握了主動。C-ESometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward others needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. Thats why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as “prickly”.Unit ThreeLanguage Pointsaccount for: explain the cause of說明(原因等), 是的原因Eg. His neglect of duty accounts for the delay of the train.Observe: 1)say by way of commentEg. He observed to me that our work was very well done.2) followEg. observe the rules and regulations3) celebrateEg. We can learn about American culture when we study how they observe holidays.4) watch carefullyStumble on/across: find unexpectedly or by chanceEg. The lawyer stumbled on an evidence in his favor.Stumble over: 絆跌,絆倒Stumble over ones words結(jié)結(jié)巴巴Come on: 1)meet or see by chance2) (想法等)突然產(chǎn)生An idea came upon him.3) come upon sb. for sth.向某人要求某物E-C飛機劃著柔和的弧線最終降落到香港國際機場。俯瞰，維多利亞港，無數(shù)的船只演奏著無聲的旋律。眺望，依山而立令人嘆為觀止的城市風(fēng)景一望無際。 這不是一個普通的機場。這也不是一座普通的城市。 一位穿著睡衣的老人從旁邊走過，手上提著一個鳥籠，一只顏色鮮艷的鳥兒在里面歡快地歌唱。上班一族聚在路邊的餐館里吃面條，喝粥，吃小蝦。 一個小道觀里飄出來的檀香混雜著從迪斯科廳里流出的搖滾樂有力的節(jié)奏，渾然一體。 一只渡船穿梭在附近的水面上，把乘客們帶到離此處40分鐘里程的一座孤島上，島上，寺廟和漁村交相輝映。 香港，在北回歸線以南161公里處，如同東南亞的心臟時刻搏動；這里東西交融，時光匯聚。C-EShanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Huangpu River, the lowest tributary at the mouth of the Yangtze. The main city sits astride the Huangpu, only fifteen kilometers to the east coast. Shanghai was born to the world as a cosmopolitan city in 1842 when a British ship, slipping unnoticed into the mouth of the Yangtze River, reduced the Wusong Fort and took the city without a fight. On the muddy west bank of the Huangpu, the English first built sheds for their goods. Thereafter, came other traders: Americans, Germans, French, Russians and Japanese. All of them were avid for Chinese trade and Chinese gold. In less than a hundred years, Shanghai, teeming with factories, shops, banks, night clubs, race-courses and casinos, became the place for foreigners to seek adventure and romance in China.Unit FiveE-C每一個成功的工商企業(yè)都是建立在一些卓越的意識之上的，即懂得審時度勢，抓住機遇，承擔(dān)責(zé)任，并不乏幽默感。但這一切都沒有比對市場的感知能力更重要。高級管理人員的一個非常重要的本事是能很自然地設(shè)身處地為客戶著想，并從他們的那里獲得真知灼見。他們利用這種能力來指導(dǎo)技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品和售后服務(wù)，乃至公司戰(zhàn)略計劃的各個方面。比爾蓋茨之類的成功者就曾把這種本事帶進他們各自創(chuàng)立的企業(yè)中。沒有這種能力，他們的事業(yè)或許只是曇花一現(xiàn)，至少沒有像今天這樣成功。關(guān)注客戶，并不是什么新鮮理念。但是許多高層經(jīng)理，特別是工業(yè)公司的高層經(jīng)理，把與顧客接觸看成是銷售和市場營銷人員的事。即便他們確實也認(rèn)為市場是公司的重心，但隨著公司的發(fā)展，他們中大多數(shù)人也只與消費者保持十分有限的接觸而已。他們判斷和把握市場，依賴于下屬送來的報告，即二手、三手的材料。 C-ECorporate culture is a form of ideal, which is based on the value system of an enterprise and closely related to the management philosophy as well as the management behavior of the enterprise. It is where the kernel of business management lies. In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and agglomerating force that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior shared by the whole staff. In the broad sense, corporate culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and the cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.As an economic entity, the task of an enterprise is definite, that is, to produce more and better products, to create wealth for the society. What an enterprise is engaged in is kind of economic activity. But in the meantime, an enterprise is also an organization and a collectivity of all kinds of human beings. Here human beings are regarded as a kind of social animals. It is necessary for a kind of culture to normalize and regulate their behaviors. We should not regard entrepreneurial production as sheer mechanical operation and material change, regard it as a kind of social activity or the activity that the social beings of humans are engaged in. This is the starting point for us to understand and know about entrepreneurial culture. Unit 8Language Points1. stay put: stay in place, not leave停留在原處,固定在某處Eg. Harrys father told him to stay put until he came back. I cant get the door to stay put.2. commitmentCommit: v. 1) commit oneself to:make oneself responsible for, undertakeEg. We have committed ourselves to helping them.2) commit sb./sth. to: entrust sb. with sth.Eg. He was soon committed to an insane asylum.3) perform ( a crime, a foolish action)Eg. He felt he has committed a discourtesy.3. draw upon/on: 1)make use ofEg. I shall have to draw upon the money Ive saved. This book draws heavily upon your mathematics. A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.2) come nearEg. Winter is drawing on.Cf. draw in: 吸收, 卷進來Eg. The play is drawing in a large crowd every night.4. not so muchas: less than與其說到不如說Eg. The fault lies not so much with the young people as with the society. He is not so much a writer as a poet=He is less a writer than a poet=He is more a poet than a writer5. subject to: 1) ruled by, under the government or control of, in the power ofEg. The principal and the teachers of a school are subject to the school board.2) liable, likely to get or have:易受的, 常遭受到, 易患的Eg. Jane is in poor health and is subject to colds.3) depending on some change, happening or need有待于的, 須經(jīng)的, 可以的,以為條件Eg. The company and the union agreed that the workers wages should be subject to changes in the cost of living. The arrangement is made subject to your approval.6. take up: 1) occupy占去(時間或空間)Eg. All the time of the meeting was taken up with the discussion of three items, with the result that the rest had to be deferred.2) assume a position, office, attitude開始從事某工作Eg. I must take up my new post on October 1st.3) begin, start開始(某項活動或愛好)Eg. The teacher took up the lesson where she left off yesterday.E-C我初次看到他時，就被其深邃的目光打動。那是一雙憂郁的眼睛，給人一種悲傷、夢幻、和神秘的感覺。透過這雙眼睛，你可以窺到他的內(nèi)心深處。很快，我們就相熟起來；我發(fā)現(xiàn)，他對周圍任何一個細(xì)節(jié)都有濃厚的興趣，即便是輕聲細(xì)語，也能在瞬間觸動他。不久，我們之間就產(chǎn)生了友情，經(jīng)常在一起散步。他不說話，唯有通過他的一舉一動，你才能發(fā)現(xiàn)他沉浸于鄉(xiāng)間漫步的美妙和自由，蔥郁的草地和潺潺的溪水讓他格外興奮。 看到他高興的樣子，看到他沉醉于友情，看到他因為有人陪伴而開心不已，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己也被他的情緒感染，產(chǎn)生了一種無比愉快的感覺。C-EGive-and-take takes place all the time in the whole course of our lives.Five-year-old children exchange lollipops of different flavor.“Mine has grape flavor. What about yours?”“Strawberry. I do like to have a taste of a grape-flavored lollipop.”“Ok, lets exchange.”Thats what innocent children of five do. What they give each other is not just different-flavored lollipop, but also the kind of friendship characteristic of childhood.At 25, it is the marriage rings of the same style that are exchanged. “Do you like to take her as your legally-wedded wife and to have and hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death you do part?”“Yes, I do.”“Do you like to take him as your legally-wedded husband and to have and hold?”“Yes, I do.”People of twenty-five start to shoulder responsibilities at this age. What they exchange on the wedding ceremony is not just the most heart-felt, enduring love, but also the commitment and conviction to spend their lives together unto their very end.Unit 91. dug-out: 挖空 dig-dug-dug2. canoe:(體長頭尖的)小劃子，獨木舟 dug-out canoe:指樹干挖空作船體的獨木舟。3. overriding:壓倒一切的，首要的 override (overrode-overridden): v. 制服，壓倒；奔越過；踐踏過；使無效Eg. an overriding task override a veto 使否決無效4. feast: v. 1) 盛宴款待2) 使得到享受Eg. feast ones eyes on the wonderful performance盡情欣賞精彩表演n.盛宴，筵席5. anarchic: adj. 無政府主義的；混亂的anarchy: n.無政府狀態(tài)；混亂；無秩序anarchism：n.無政府主義 anarchist: n.無政府主義者6. ubiquitous: adj. 普遍存在的, 無處不在的ubiquity: n.普遍存在7. cornucopia: 象征豐饒的羊角，象征(豐饒的)羊角畫(或雕刻)8. scavenge: v. 1)清除污物，垃圾2) (從丟棄物中)尋找(可用之物)9.undermine: v. 1) 在下面挖坑道，削弱的基礎(chǔ)2)暗中破壞，逐漸損害10. mistakefor把錯認(rèn)/當(dāng)成Eg. He mistook me for my brother.11. scour: v. 1)走遍(某地)搜索Eg. Scour the forest for the robberScour the library for references2) 急速穿行，追尋Eg. Scour over hillside for game12. bombard: v. 炮擊，轟炸；(喻)痛斥，攻擊13. swell (swelled-swollen):v.1)膨脹，腫脹 2）(土地)隆起，(河水)上漲 Eg. The river has swollen with melted snow.雪融河漲 E-C“高速公路”這個詞是這種現(xiàn)象的一個誤導(dǎo)名稱。這條“高速公路”與其說是一個靜態(tài)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不如說是一個社會和商業(yè)的環(huán)境。該“高速公路”由網(wǎng)絡(luò)和計算機資源組成，但更重要的是，它定義了一個人與人、組織與組織之間相互作用和聯(lián)系的新環(huán)境。正是由于這些原因，建立這種“高速公路”需要協(xié)同合作的力量，而不是過去傳統(tǒng)的那種服務(wù)提供商用戶模式。基于這些概念，信息高速公路可以定義為：“一種不受地理位置制約的用戶環(huán)境，它使用高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)和計算機進行多媒體通訊”。這種虛擬環(huán)境使得用戶第一次可以通過同時使用語音、視頻、圖象和數(shù)據(jù)，以近乎真實的方式相互交流。這種環(huán)境綜合了三種快速發(fā)展的技術(shù)而建立。它們是：傳輸，交換和壓縮。C-EInternet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Unit 12E-C無論是小說或是音樂，最基礎(chǔ)的東西在于韻律。你的風(fēng)格需要有優(yōu)良、自然且持續(xù)的律動，否則人們不會持續(xù)地想要閱讀你的作品。我從音樂主要是爵士樂中認(rèn)識韻律的重要性。接下來的旋律-在文學(xué)上的形式代表著將我們的語言加以適當(dāng)?shù)慕M織實現(xiàn)韻律的契合。如果文字與韻律的契合平滑而優(yōu)美，你將別無所求。接下來的和聲-心靈內(nèi)部的聲響，作為支持語言的效用。接下來就是我最喜歡的部分：自由即興創(chuàng)作。通過一些特別的途徑，一個故事可以從內(nèi)在無拘地延展。 所有我寫作的小說均依照這種流程發(fā)展。最終這項可能是最重要的事情：你所完成一項作品的經(jīng)驗-在于你的表現(xiàn)，以及可以感受到當(dāng)你實現(xiàn)此等創(chuàng)作高度的歷程是嶄新且有意義的。假如這一切發(fā)展良好，你有機會與你的讀者(你的聽眾)分享這等高度下的自我認(rèn)知。這是一種唯有這種方式可以滿足的非凡頂點。 C-EThe turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music. My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession. This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards. My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests. Before my graduation form Columbia, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus was I launched upon a business career which I always think of as the wasted years. Unit 141. apprenticeship serve ones with sb. 做某人學(xué)徒 serve out ones 學(xué)徒期滿, 出師2. mentor 賢明和忠實的顧問或良師, 導(dǎo)師, 指導(dǎo)者3. not nearly - 絕不, 相差甚遠, 遠非4. ethical standard - 道德規(guī)范5. consult about the matter 商議此事6. consult with counsel 與法律顧問商議7. consult for a large building firm為大型建筑公司做咨詢工作8. empower sb. to do sth. - 授權(quán)某人做某事9. innovate - v.tr. to begin or introduce (something new) for or as if for the first time 革新：第一次或好象第一次開始或介紹（新東西） r. to begin or introduce something new 創(chuàng)新：開始或介紹新東西E-C科學(xué)這個詞似乎具有某種魅力。它一旦被提出，就應(yīng)該立即得到認(rèn)可，而不允許有任何可能的討論。 這種需要人們立即認(rèn)可的情況出現(xiàn)在廣告中，但是基本上不和情理。要知道，科學(xué)不是一種信條，也不是神靈向人類的揭示物。它是人類思維的產(chǎn)物，因此是可以討論和修正的?？茖W(xué)絕無絕對真理，通常只有相對性。它以人的觀察和經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)，對人類知識進行邏輯性的總結(jié)，然而人的觀察和經(jīng)驗總是有限的而且缺少一定的精確性。至于那些用來對經(jīng)驗事實進行歸類的邏輯則完全是我們大腦的產(chǎn)物。我們選擇我們認(rèn)為有著邏輯聯(lián)系的實驗結(jié)果，而忽略許多不符合我們自己“邏輯”的事實。這種相當(dāng)人為的選擇結(jié)果是我們自己的事情。對此，我們非常得意，以至于主張這些人為選擇的結(jié)果應(yīng)該被當(dāng)做“自然規(guī)律”來對待。C-EA branch of science deals with a class of things, the changes in the members of the class, and the relations between these members. Thus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that when an event P is present in a situation, then the event Q is also present. As a branch of science advances from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes a mathematical form. Astronomy at one time was a descriptive science, but the work of Kepler and Newton established the foundations, by means of which the laws of the motions of the heavenly bodies could be expressed mathematically. It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science. The hypothetical propositions of mathematics are called into play when the generalizations of science take on a quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments; while, on the other hand, complexities in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broad