語法專業(yè)術(shù)語.doc

語法grammar 句法syntax 詞法morphology結(jié)構(gòu)structure層次rank句子 sentence從句 clause詞組 phrase詞類 part of speech單詞 word實詞notional word虛詞structrural word名詞noun專有名詞proper noun 普通名詞 common noun可數(shù)名詞 countable noun不可數(shù)名詞 uncountable noun抽象名詞 abstract noun具體名詞 concret moun物質(zhì)名詞 material noun集體名詞 collective noun個體名詞 individual noun介詞 preposition連詞 conjunctionB動詞/B Bverb/B主動詞 main verb及物動詞 transitive verb不及物動詞 intransitive verb系動詞 link verb助動詞 auxiliary verb情態(tài)動詞 modal verb規(guī)則動詞 regular verb不規(guī)則動詞 irregular verb短語動詞 phrasal verb限定動詞 finite verb非限定動詞 infinite verb使役動詞 causative verb感官動詞 verb of senses動態(tài)動詞 event verb靜態(tài)動詞 state verb感嘆詞 exclamation形容詞 adjectiveB副詞/B Badverb/B方式副詞 adverb of manner程度副詞 adverb of degree時間副詞 adverb of time地點副詞 adverb of place修飾性副詞 adjunct連接性副詞 conjunct疑問副詞 interogative adverb關(guān)系副詞 relative adverb代詞 pronoun人稱代詞 personal pronoun物主代詞 possesive pronoun反身代詞 reflexive pronoun相互代詞 reciprocal pronoun指示代詞 demonstrative pronoun疑問代詞 interrogative pronoun關(guān)系代詞 relative pronoun不定代詞 indefinite pronoun物主代詞 possecive pronoun名詞性物主代詞 nominal possesive prnoun形容詞性物主代詞 adjectival possesive pronoun冠詞 article定冠詞definite article不定冠詞indefinite article數(shù)詞numeral基數(shù)詞cardinal numeral序數(shù)詞ordinal numeral分數(shù)詞 fractional numeral形式form 單數(shù)形式 singular form復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form限定動詞 finite verb form非限定動詞 non-finite verb form原形 base form從句clause從屬句subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名詞從句 nominal clause定語從句 attributive clause狀語從句 adverbial clause賓語從句 object clause主語從句 subject clause同位語從句 appositive clause 時間狀語從句 adverbial clause of time地點狀語從句 adverbial clause of place方式狀語從句 adverbial clause of manner讓步狀語從句 adverbial clause of concession原因狀語從句 adverbial clause of cause結(jié)果狀語從句 adverbial clause of result目的狀語從句 adverbial clause of purpose條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of condition真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of real condition非真實條件狀語從句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄條件句 adverbial clause of implied condition錯綜條件句 adverbial clause of mixed conditionB句子/B Bsentence/B簡單句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence復(fù)合句 complex sentence并列復(fù)合句 compound complex sentence陳述句 declarative sentence疑問句 interrogative sentence一般疑問句 general question特殊疑問句 special question選擇疑問句 alternative question附加疑問句 tag question反義疑問句 disjunctive question修辭疑問句 rhetorical question感嘆疑問句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentwence否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感嘆句 exclamatory sentence基本句型 basic sentence paternB句子成分/B Bmembers of sentences/B主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object雙賓語 dual object直接賓語 direct object間接賓語 indirect object復(fù)合賓語 complex object同源賓語 cognate objectB補語/B Bcomplement/B主補 subject complement賓補 object complement表語 predicative定語 attribute同位語 appositive狀語 adverbialB句法關(guān)系/B Bsyntatic relationship/B并列 coordinate從屬 subordination修飾 modification前置修飾 pre-modification后置修飾 post-modification限制 restriction雙重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restrictionB數(shù)/B Bnumber/B單數(shù)形式 singular form復(fù)數(shù)形式 plural form規(guī)則形式 regular form不規(guī)則形式 irregular formB /BB格/B Bcase/B普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case賓格 objective caseB性/B Bgender/B陽性 masculine陰性 feminine通性 common中性 neuterB人稱/B Bperson/B第一人稱 first person第二人稱 second person第三人稱 third personB時態(tài)/B Btense/B過去將來時 past future tense過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense過去將來完成時 past future perfect tense一般現(xiàn)在時 present simple tense一般過去時 past simple tense一般將來時 future simple tense現(xiàn)在完成時 past perfect tense過去完成時 present perfect tense將來完成時 future perfect tense現(xiàn)在進行時 present continuous tense過去進行時 past continuous tense將來進行時 future continuous tense過去將來進行時 past future continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進行時 present perfect continuous tense過去完成進行時 past perfect continuous tenseB語態(tài)/B voice主動語態(tài) active voice被動語態(tài) passive voiceB /BB語氣/B Bmood/B陳述語氣 indicative mood祈使語氣 imperative mood虛擬語氣 subjunctive moodB否定/B Bnegation/B否定范圍 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉(zhuǎn)移否定 shift of negationB語序/B Border/B自然語序 natural order倒裝語序 inversion全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion直接引語 direct speech間接引語 indirect speech自由直接引語 free direct speech自由間接引語 free indirect speechB一致/B Bagreement/B主謂一致 subject-predicate agreement語法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原則 principle of proximity強調(diào) emphasis重復(fù) repetition語音 pronunciation語調(diào) tone升調(diào) rising tone降調(diào) falling tone降升調(diào) falling-ri