好教案 賓語從句講解 與練習(xí)831.doc

賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 1語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語從句（主語謂語）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？The small children dont know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2連接詞1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：aPlease let me know whether you like the book請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會(huì)遲到嗎？3時(shí)態(tài)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2）如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子們不知道他是誰。He asked his father how it happened他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4注意：if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否會(huì)來。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他會(huì)來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會(huì)遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very hea賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.二、選擇填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen( )8.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got( )9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter( )10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it( )12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how checkB. to checkC. how to checkD. to how checking( )13.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( )14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, anotherB. what, moreC. how ,otherD. what, another( )16. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone( )17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains( )18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what( )20. He asked me _. A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if( )22. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said( )23. I don”t know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I liveC. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I don”t . When he _back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will comeC. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come( )25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are ( )28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( )29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( )30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同義句)Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改為復(fù)合句） Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡單句） I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.5. I dont