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夢想從這里起航禾沐教育暑期精品班英語講義(八) 現(xiàn)在進行時【NO.1】定義:現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。一現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成:am/is/ are+ v-ing是現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成形式;v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成: 一般情況 +ingfalling以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞去e, +ing having以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞,末尾只有一個輔音字母時.雙寫詞尾字母+ingputting有一些特殊變化(或者說以ie為結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞:lyinglie, dying die tyingtie 這些以ie結(jié)尾要去e再把i變y再加ing什么是音節(jié)?閉音節(jié)?重讀閉音節(jié)? 1. 英語單詞是由字母組成的,字母構(gòu)成音節(jié)。一般來講有一個元音就是一個音節(jié)。含一個元音的詞叫作單音節(jié)詞,含兩個或兩個以上元音的單詞叫作雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)詞。單音節(jié)詞都是重讀音節(jié),雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞中一般有一個重讀音節(jié),其他的是弱讀音節(jié)。2. 閉音節(jié):閉音節(jié)是兩個輔音中間有一個元音的音節(jié)。例如:not,thank,ten,am,six等。 3. 重讀閉音節(jié)是需要重讀的閉音節(jié),如果是單音節(jié)一定重讀,但是重讀符號省略;如果是多音節(jié),一定有一個需要重讀。重讀閉音節(jié)(輔音1+元音+輔音2)中的輔音2在構(gòu)詞法中要雙寫,如果不重讀,如listen中的第二個音節(jié)ten(閉音節(jié))中的n就不用雙寫,因為重讀在第一個音節(jié)lis上。二現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法1. 表示說話時正在進行的動作 常和now連用,有時用一個動詞如look(看)、listen(聽)來表示now(現(xiàn)在)這一時間概念。 Look!A train is coming. 看!火車來了。 Listen!He is playing the piano. 聽!他在彈鋼琴。2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行著的動作 但不一定是說話時正在進行。常和at present(目前)、this week(本周)、these days(這幾天)等時間狀語連用。 What lesson are you studying this week?你們本周學(xué)哪一課了?(說話時并不在學(xué))3. 現(xiàn)在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作即是說可以用來代替將來時,但此時,一般要與表示將來的時間狀語連用,而且僅限于少量動詞。如:go(去)、come(來)、leave(離開)、start(開始)、arrive(到達)、return(返回)、sleep(睡覺)、 Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow?你明天去天津嗎? How many of you are Coming to the party next week? 你們有多少人下周要來參加晚會? 4. be going to+動詞原形這一句型表示即將發(fā)生的事或打算(準備)做的事,我們把它歸在將來時里了。 she isnt going to speak at the meeting. 她不打算在會議上發(fā)言。注意:如果沒有表示將來時間的狀語,此類句子就可能指現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的動作。 Where are you going next week? 下周你計劃去哪兒?用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來時,因為有next week(下周)這一時間狀語。 Where are you going?你現(xiàn)在去哪兒?因為沒有表示將來時的時間狀語,所以就按句型來翻譯,即現(xiàn)在進行時。5. 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的動作;而現(xiàn)在進行時表示暫時性的動作。 He walks to work. 他步行上班。(習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動作) Hes walking to work because his bike is being repaired. 他現(xiàn)在走著上班,因為他的自行車正在修理。(只是暫時的情況)Where does he live? 他家住在哪兒?(詢問一般的情況)Where is he living(staying)? 他這幾天住在哪兒?(詢問暫時一段時間的情況)6. 現(xiàn)在進行時有時可用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達說話人的某種感情,使句子有強烈的感情色彩。常與always,forever連用。 You are always forgetting the important thing. 你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達出不滿的情緒) Mary is doing fine work at school. 瑪麗在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)得挺不錯。三.現(xiàn)在進行時幾種句型用法: 陳述句(肯定句) 主語be(am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:I am reading English. 我正在讀英語。 He is writing. 他正在寫字。You are running. 你正在跑步。 一般疑問句 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主語現(xiàn)在分詞,如:1. -Are you singing? 你正在唱歌嗎?-Yes, I am. 是的,我在唱歌。 (No, Im not. 不,我不在唱歌。)2. -Is he (she) listening to music? 他(她)在聽音樂嗎?-Yes, he (she) is. 是的,他(她)在聽音樂。No, he (she) isnt. 不,他(她)不在聽音樂。 特殊疑問句 疑問詞be (am, is, are)主語現(xiàn)在分詞,如: 1. -What are you doing? 你正在干什么? -I am doing my homework. 我正在做作業(yè)。 2. -What is he (she) doing? 他(她)正在干什么? -He (She) is riding a bike. 他(她)正在騎自行車。否定句主語be(am, is, are)not+現(xiàn)在分詞I am not reading English我不在讀英語?!咀ⅰ窟@里的現(xiàn)在分詞指的是v-ing形式;像look(看)、listen(聽)、now(現(xiàn)在) 常出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)句子中。請看: 1.Look! Jack is swimming. 看!杰克正在游泳。2.Listen! She is singing. 聽!她正在唱歌。3.I am cleaning my room now. 現(xiàn)在我正在打掃房間。【NO.2】現(xiàn)在進行時專練:一按要求改寫句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句: 一般疑問句:_肯定回答:_否定回答:_劃線提問:_2.造句。1).she, the window, open, now. (用現(xiàn)在進行時連詞成句.) .2).is, who, the window, cleaning? (連詞成句) .3).She is closing the door now. (改成否定句) .4.)You are doing your homework. (用I作主語改寫句子) .5).they, the tree, sing, now, under. (用現(xiàn)在進行時連詞成句.) .6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman. (改成一般疑問句) .二單項選擇( )1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)Im look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friends making _a kite. (A)I, me (B)My, my (C)My, me (D)His, his( )3.Is the woman wearing_ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_ their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6.Is she_ something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do?( )8.What are you listening_? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to( )9.我正在聽他說話. (A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )10.They are_ their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )11.Listen! She_ in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing( )12.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )13._are you eating? Im eating_ meat. (A)What, some (B)Which, any (C)Where, not (D)What, a( )14.They_TV in the evening. They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching ( )15.The children_ football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他們喜歡放風(fēng)箏. (B)他們在放風(fēng)箏嗎? (C)他們在放風(fēng)箏. (D)他們常放風(fēng)箏. ( )17.-Look,They are swimming in the river.-I want_ you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_ a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing三用現(xiàn)在進行時完成下列句子。1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)? 4.He_(mend) a car.5.-_you_(fly) a kite? -Yes,_.6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions?8.We_(play) games now.【NO.3】基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫做數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量,序數(shù)詞表示順序。 一. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成和用法 1.基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下:(1)從110 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten(2)從 1119 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen, nineteen 這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。 (3)從 2199 整數(shù)幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時,在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“” 。 2199 的兩位數(shù),十位與個位之間用連字符“”。例: 21 twentyone 32thirtytwo 98 ninetyeight 99ninetynine (4)百位數(shù):個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and 101999的三位數(shù),百位數(shù)和后面的數(shù)之間用連詞and,百、千等數(shù)詞一律用單數(shù)形式。例: 101 one hundred and one 225 two hundred and twenty five 999 nine hundred and ninetynine (5)千位數(shù)以上:從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。 例: 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four (6)基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時,不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是,當基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時,基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall大廳里有數(shù)以百計的人。 Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day 每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。有時兩個復(fù)數(shù)形式的基數(shù)詞連用可寫為: hundreds of thousands of , tens of hundreds of 等。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸?.基數(shù)詞的用法 作主語。例: Ten is a very important number 十是一個很重要的數(shù)字。 Two and three are (is) five 2加3等于5。 作定語。例: One kilometer is equal to two li 1公里等于2華里。 She has three brothers 她有三個兄弟。 作賓語。例: I wanted three but he gave me five 我想要三個,但他給了我五個。 I get up before six every day 我每天六點之前起床。 作表語。例: What time is it?幾點鐘啦? Its ten 十點。 3.疑難點 hundred,thousand和million在合成數(shù)詞中一般用單數(shù)形式,但是用來表示不定數(shù)目時,用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Hundreds of workers will go on strike Thousands of people are swimming in the river 此時 hundred,thousand等詞前沒有數(shù)詞修飾,且通常其復(fù)數(shù)形式與of 連用。二. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法 1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 一般來說,是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構(gòu)成。例: four th fourth six th sixth seven th seventh ten th tenth 下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時,有特殊的變化。例: one first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth 十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞y變成i,然后再加eth。例: twenty twentieth thirty thirtieth forty fortieth ninety ninetieth 兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞時,僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例: twentyone twentyfirst thirtyfive thirtyfifth a hundred and fiftythree a hundred and fiftythird 2.序數(shù)詞的用法 序數(shù)詞在使用時,一般加上定冠詞。例: the first book the second floor the third day the fourth week 序數(shù)詞在多數(shù)情況下都用作定語,有的也可以作表語、主語和賓語。例: The may 1st is Labour Day 五月一日是勞動節(jié)。 My room is on the second floor 我的房間在二樓。 The first is larger than the second (主語) 第一個比第二個大。 Read the book from the first(賓語) 從開頭讀這本書。 Youll be the sixth to write (表語) 你將是第六個寫的。 序數(shù)詞的前面可以加上不定冠詞,用來表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。例: You may have a third try 你可以第三次嘗試。 3.時間表示法 時間都由基數(shù)詞表示。例: Its nine 現(xiàn)在九點。 Its not five yet 還不到五點。 有時后面要加oclock,但在口語中通常省略。 幾點幾分表示法有兩種形式。 A.倒讀法:與漢語順序不同,先讀“分”后說“點”。30分鐘以內(nèi),用“分鐘數(shù)”past “ 鐘點數(shù)”表示“幾點過幾分”,超過30分鐘,用“分鐘數(shù)” to “下一個鐘點數(shù)”表示“差幾 分到幾點”。15分鐘也可以用a quarter,30分鐘也可以用a half。例: 2:15 a quarter past two 2:45 a quarter to three 1:55 five to two 7:05 five past seven 5:35 thirty five past five 9:30 half past nine 只有指幾點鐘整時才用oclock,如ten oclock,但不可以說seven past ten oclock B.順讀法:與漢語順序相同,連用兩個基數(shù)詞,第一個表示“點鐘”,第二個表示“分鐘”。例: 5:40 five forty 2:30 two thirty 1:15 one fifteen 這時的15和30不能用a quarter, a half代替。 4.日期表示法 年的讀法:用基數(shù)詞,分成兩位一讀。例: 1949 nineteen fortynine 1840 eighteen forty 月份的名稱要大寫。例: January February March April 日期用序數(shù)詞表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。例: 5月4日 May (the) fourth 10月1日 October (the) first 年、月、日的順序:在英語中, 按月、日、年的順序來讀。例: 1949年10月1日 October (the) first nineteen fortynine 1999年5月1日 May (the) first nineteen ninetynine 表示在“在某年、在某月”用介詞in,如in2000,in September,表示“在某日”用介詞on,如on July 8。 5.編號的讀法 表示“第幾課(部分,章或節(jié))”時,用序數(shù)詞時,前面一定要加冠詞;用基數(shù)詞時,不用冠詞,但 語序與漢語相反。例: lesson one the first lesson part three the third part 當數(shù)字較長時,通常用基數(shù)詞。例: 第219頁 page 219 (two one nine) 第306號房間 room 306 (three o six) 第六路公共汽車 bus number six 電話號碼 885316 telephone number885316 (eight eight five three one six) 6.倍數(shù)的用法 The train arrived half an hour late 火車晚到了半個小時。 half 是形容詞。 He has three times as many books as I have 他的書有我的三倍多。 “的幾倍”的說法,兩倍用twice,注意表示倍數(shù)的詞在句中的位置。【NO.4】完型+閱讀:完形填空。 MrWang teaches English in a middle schoo1He likes his work 26 He wanted to be a teacher even when he 27 a young boy In his English lesson,MrWang 28 teaches poemsHe likes poems a lot,and he likes Shakespeares poems 29 of all In his fifth class today, MrWang taught a poemHe wrote the poem on the 30 and read itAs soon as he finished 31 the poem,the students began to ask questionsHe answered all the questionsThen he told his students to talk about the poem 32 one wanted to stop when the bell rang 33 home,MrWang thought about the fifth classHe was happy about what he did as a teacherEvery one of his students 34 the poemWhen they started to talk,they forgot about the timeHe did not have to ask them 35 He only had to answer the questions and help them understand the poem26Avery many Btoo many Cvery much Dtoo much27Awas Bis Cwere Dare28Anever Bever Csometimes Dseldom29Abetter Bworse Cwell Dbest30Adesk Bwall Cchair Dblackboard31Areading Bto read Cread Ddoing32ANot BNo CHave no DAny33ABy the way BTo his way COn his way DIn the Way34Aliked Bworked Cread Dwanted35Alearning Bto learn Clearn DLearnt閱讀理解。 B What do we do when we go to camp? First,we work out a planWe take food, clothing,aknife,and things for cooking and eatingWe take things to keep us away from insects and the sun Then we put everything into the car and we drive to the woodsWe look for a place for campers and we look for a good place for our tentThe place should have a lot of moving airThis will keep some insects awayHigh land with water on both sides of it is goodThen we put up our tentWe put everything into the tent,and we are ready for funWe can swim in the lake,walk in the woods,climb a mountain,row a boat,or go fishing. In the evening,we come back to the tentWe build a big fire because it can keep the insectsawayWe sit around the fire and talkWe may tell interesting stories or we may sing songs。 At night we lie down on the grassWe can look up at the starsIt is a busy day, so we try togo to sleep early Everything is darkEverything is quiet。We hope we wont hear music from the radio in thenext tentWe hope it wont rain39Before going to camp we should first Awork out a plan Btake some food Ctake things to keep us warm Dtake something for cooking and eating40We go to camp Aby bus Bby car Cby bike Don foot41Campers can take part in activities Aone or two Bonly a few Cmany Dtwo or three42In the evening we build a fire because Ait is cold at night Bit can keep us warm Cit can keep the insects away Dit is dark and quiet C MrSmile changed his jobHe and his wife moved to another townThey did not have many friends there,but they soon met a lot of interesting peopleAfter a f

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