高中英語 快速學(xué)會(huì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的逆向?qū)W習(xí)法.ppt

快速學(xué)會(huì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的逆向?qū)W習(xí)法 非謂語動(dòng)詞 意思就是不能在句中充當(dāng)謂語 但是 作為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 它還是有個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 主動(dòng)關(guān)系 或承受者 被動(dòng)關(guān)系 我們將之稱為其 邏輯主語 下面的練習(xí)要求是 A 找出該非謂語的邏輯主語 并指出與該動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 B 指出非謂語的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前還是之后 C 或指出其在句中所作的成分 1 HavingrealizedthatIcouldusekitetoattractthelightning Idecidedtodotheexperiment 2 Thebellrang alltheboysandgirlswentoutoftheirclassroom singingandjumping 3 Theboysswimmingintheseawereindanger 4 Theyhearingthenews theirtearscamedowntheircheek 5 Whentakenfollowingitsdirections thedrughasnoneglecteffect 主動(dòng) 主動(dòng) 主動(dòng) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 二 感受從一般句子轉(zhuǎn)換為含非謂語部分 分詞 的句子方法 一 由定語從句改為分詞短語的方法 1 若關(guān)系詞之后有be動(dòng)詞 限be在結(jié)構(gòu)be V ing或be V ed中時(shí) 則刪去關(guān)系代詞和be 其它成分不變 Eg A Watchthemenwhoarecomingthisway Watchthemancomingthisway B Lessonswhicharelearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten C Thedogwasbeatenyesterdayisdead Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten Thedogbeatenyesterdayisdead 2 若關(guān)系詞之后沒有be動(dòng)詞 限be在結(jié)構(gòu)be V ing或be V ed中時(shí) 而是一般的動(dòng)詞 則刪去關(guān)系詞 再將動(dòng)詞改為 ing形式 其它不變 A Anyonewhowishestoleaveearlymaydoso Anyonewishingtoleaveearlymaydoso Theboysittingnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball Weseethestreamrisingfromthehole B Theboywhosatnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball C Weseethestreamwhichrisesfromthehole 方法 二 由狀語從句改為分詞短語的方法 A 先將引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞去掉 B 如果狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同 則去掉從句主語 不相同 則保留從句主語 亦稱獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) C 再將原狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞變成 ing形式 補(bǔ)充 當(dāng)狀語從句的謂語含有be V ing 進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu) 或be V ed 被動(dòng)式 時(shí) 也可能將be去掉 其它部分不變 注意 若主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí) 而狀語從句的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí) 那么為了表示狀語從句的動(dòng)作時(shí)間早于主句的動(dòng)詞 則變分詞短語是應(yīng)改為完成式 轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí) 1 狀語從句主語與主句主語相同 逆向法 即分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語 1 AfterIhadheardfrommybrother Ifeltmuchhappy2 Asheisill hecan tattendthemeeting 3 Whenhewasbuyingthebooks hemetanoldfriend 4 Becausehehasbeenpraisedtoomuch hebecomestooproud Havingheardfrommybrother Ifeltmuchrelieved Beingill hecan tattendthemeeting Buyingthebook hemetanoldfriend Havingbeenpraisedtoomuch hebecomestooproud 2 前后主語不相同 逆向法 即分詞的邏輯主語就是原狀語從句的主語 1 Afterthesunhadset wearrivedatthestation 2 Whenschoolwasover theboyswenthome 3 Ashishomeworkhasbeendone theboyswenthome 4 Iftheweatherpermits we llgototheGreatWall Thesunhavingset wearrivedatthestation Schoolbeingover theboyswenthome Hishomeworkhavingbeendone theboyswenthome Theweatherpermitting we llgototheGreatWall 3 注意 1 Becausehislovelydogwasdead littleboyisveryupset 2 Ashewasidleinhisyouth hehastoworkhardinhisoldage 3 Afternewteachingbuildingwasfinished studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow Hislovelydoghavingbeendead littleboyisveryupset Beingidleinhisyouth hehastoworkhardinhisoldage Newteachingbuildinghavingbeenfinished studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow 方法 三 并列句改為分詞短語的方法 分詞可以代替并列句中的一個(gè)句子 其作用是說話者對(duì)主要句子的補(bǔ)充 先將并列句中的連接詞去掉 然后將其中一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閂 ing形式 兩句若是用句號(hào)隔開 變化后將句號(hào)改為逗號(hào) 條件 并列句主語相同時(shí) 保留一個(gè)主語 并列句主語不相同時(shí) 兩個(gè)主語都保留 此處也要注意到方法 二 中的 一個(gè)補(bǔ)充 和 一個(gè)注意 轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí) 1 并列句主語相同時(shí) 保留一個(gè)主語 1 Mytrainstartsat12andwillarrivedinWuhanat3 2 Shealonestayedathomeanddidherhomework Mytrainstartsat12 arrivinginWuhanat3 Shealonestayedathome doingherhomework 2 并列句主語不相同時(shí) 兩個(gè)主語都保留 如 1 Hewasreadingabook andhiswifewasdoinghousework 2 TheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxiaandtearsrandowntheircheeks Hewasreadingabook hiswifedoinghousework TheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxia tearsrunningdowntheircheeks 三 補(bǔ)充 注意此類句型的一種變體 連接詞 分詞 此類句型實(shí)際上是將從屬連詞when while though as等引導(dǎo)的從句省略了相同的主語及be動(dòng)詞變化而來的 轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí) 1 WhilehewasfightinginKorea hewastakenprisoner 2 Whenthedrugistakenaccordingtoitsintroductions thedrughasnoneglecteffect WhilefightinginKorea hewastakenprisoner Whentakenaccordingtoitsintroductions thedrughasnoneglecteffect 四 小結(jié) 從上面的句子轉(zhuǎn)換中可以得出一個(gè)小結(jié) 一回頭 找該非謂語的邏輯主語 兩確定 確定該非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與主句謂語的動(dòng)作先后 確定該非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 五 鞏固練習(xí) 1 將下列復(fù)合句或并列句改為含分詞短語的句子 Whenhelefttheclassroom hedidn tsaygoodbyetome Becauseheisill hecan tattendthemeeting Theteacheristeachingintheclassroom JimandTomareplayinggames Theboyswhoswamintheriverwereindanger Whenleavingtheclassroom hedidn tsaygoodbyetome Beingill hecan tattendthemeeting Theteacherteachingintheclassroom JimandTomareplayinggames Theboysswimmingintheriverwereindanger Thepolicemansawthethiefwhowasstealingabike Thisisoneofthehousesthatwerebuiltlastyear Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom Hewasfollowedbysometeachers Thepolicemansawthethiefstealingabike Thisisoneofthehousesbuiltlastyear Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom followedbysometeachers Becausehehadseenthefilmbefore hewentoutofthecinema Whenourschoolisseenfromthemountain Ourschoolisbeautiful Themanrosefromthegroundandbeatthedustoffhisclothes Havingseenthefilmbefore hewentoutofthecinema Seenfromthemountain Ourschoolisbeautiful Themanrosefromtheground beatingthedustoffhisclothes 2 將下列含分詞短語的句子改為復(fù)合句或并列句 Seeingfromthemountain Ifindourschoolisbeautiful when Hetoldmehewouldstandbytheroadside watchingtheparade and Judgedfromwhathesaid heisateacher Thechildrenwenthomeafterclass singingandlaughing WhenISeefromthemountain Ifindourschoolisbeautiful Hetoldmehewouldstandbytheroadsideandwatchtheparade IfheisJudgedfromwhathesaid heisateacher Thechildrenwenthomeafterclassandsangandlaughed Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstoflight Canyouread Marrysaidangrily pointingtothenoticeboard Onhiswayhome shefoundthenecklacemissing Therewasaterriblenoisewhichfollowedthesuddenburstoflight Canyouread Marrysaidangrilyandpointedtothenoticeboard Onhiswayhome shefoundthenecklacewhichwasmissing Havingbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast after Weatherbeingfine Iwentfishingwithmyfather as Therebeingnobus wehavetowalk because Afterhehadbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast Asweatherwasfine Iwentfishingwithmyfather as Becausethereisnobus wehavetowalk 09安徽 1 Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture A producedB beingproducedC tobeproducedD havingbeenproduced C 09北京 2Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit onhisownfarm A grownB beinggrownC tobegrownD togrow A 09北京 3 Thewaytheguests inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheserviceA treatedB weretreatedC wouldtreatD wouldbetreated D 09北京 4 Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation informationinamoreeffectiveway A presentingB presentedC beingpresentedD topresent D 09北京 5 twice thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdogA BeingbittenB BittenC HavingbittenD Tobebitten 09福建 6 nottomisstheflightat15 20 themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry A RemindingB RemindedC ToremindD Havingreminded A B 09福建 7 InApril 2009 PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy A markingB markedC havingmarkedD beingmarked 09湖南 8 Whenhethedoor hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere A wouldopenB openedC hadopenedD wastoopen 09湖南 9 Attheageof29 Davewasaworker inasmallapartmentnearBostonand whattodoabouthisfuture A living wonderingB lived wonderingC lived wonderedD living wondered A D A 09湖南 10 Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit A reusingB reusedC reusesD tobereused 09湖南 11 Pleasedomeafavor myfriendMr SmithtoYouthTheaterat7 30tonight A toinviteB invitingC inviteD invited 09江西 12 therightkindoftraining theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars A GivingB HavinggivenC TogiveD Given D C D 09江西 13 Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren A forcedB forcingC tobeforcedD havingforced 09海南 14Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom A lookedatB tolookatC tolookingatD lookat 09海南 15 Nowthatwe vediscussedoutproblem arepeoplehappywiththedecisions A takingB takeC takenD totake B B C 09山東 16 Weareinvitedtoaparty inourclubnextFriday A tobeheldB heldC beingheldD holding 09陜西 17 IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere A totakeB tobetakenC takingD beingtaken 09上海 18 Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity allfourpeopleonboard A killedB killingC killsD tokill 09上海 19 Withthegovernment said those bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements A affectB affectingC affectedD wereaffected C A D B 09上海 20 Billsuggested ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation A havingheldB toholdC holdingD hold 09四川 21 Ladiesandgentlemen pleaseremain untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop A seatedB seatingC toseatD seat 09上海 22 Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid A tobereportedB reportingC toreportD havingreported 09四川 23 Hetolduswhether apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA tohaveB havingC haveD had C A C B 09四川 24 manytimes hefinallyunderstoodit A ToldB TellingC HavingtoldD Havingbeentold 09天津 25 theprojectintime thestaffwereworkingatweekends A CompetingB HavingcompletedC TohavecompletedD Tocomplete 09天津 26 bytheadvancesintechnology manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland A BeingencouragedB EncouragingC EncouragedD Havingencouraged D