英國文學復習提綱加詩歌賞析方法.doc

精品文檔I. PART ONE. EARLY&MEDIEVAL1. Beowulf: the national epic史詩 of the Anglo-SaxonsBeowulf against: monster Grendel, she-monster and a fire dragonArtistic features: Using alliteration（頭韻）Using metaphor（比喻）and understatement（陳述）2. The Class Nature of the Romance: They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble.3. Geoffery Chaucer: The father of English poetry/ the founder of English poetryThe Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集：英國文史上現(xiàn)實主義第一部杰作first time to use heroic couplet(雙韻體) by middle EnglishII. The Renaissance Period1. The Renaissance & Humanism: R: 2 features: a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Latin)dissatisfaction at Catholic & feudal ideas/ activities of humanitynew feeling of admiration for human beauty & achievementH: the key-note of R, new outlook of the rising bourgeois class2. Francis Bacon弗蘭西斯培根: Essays隨筆(famous quotas: Of studies)n3.Drama: the miracle P奇跡劇(Bible story); the morality P道德劇(abstract characters/conflict of good&evil with allegorical personages); the interlude幕間喜劇(short/interesting); the classical drama(+Greek&Latin/rules&structure&style/5 acts);4. Shakespeare: Four Comedies: As You Like It皆大歡喜; Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Nights Dream; Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello奧賽羅; King Lear李爾王; Macbeth麥克白154 Sonnet: Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic抑揚格 pentameter 五步格詩restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III. REVOLUTION1. John Milton約翰彌爾頓 Epic: Paradise Lost 失樂園: it is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan & his fellow-angels; their defeat & expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth & of Adam & Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God; Satans temptation of Eve; & the departure of Adam & Eve from Eden.Paradise Regained 復樂園2. John Bunyan約翰班揚The Pilgrims Progress天路歷程: religious allegory宗教寓言; the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who flies from the City of Destruction, meets the perils and temptation of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.3. John Donne: (the founder) the Metaphysical poet(玄學派詩人). （用語）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with god, or with himself.（主題：love, religious, thought）Artistic features: conceits or imagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段論The Flea 虱子IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment1. The Enlightenment: clear away the feudal ideas with bourgeois ideology 資階思Classicism: 重理性rationality/follow principles in drama, poetry & prose/tidy up capitalist social order2. Jonathan Swift喬納森斯威夫特: Gullivers Travel格列佛游記(fictional work)Four parts: Lilliput 小人國、Brobdingnag 大人國Flying Island 飛島、Houyhnhnm 智馬島A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事3. Daniel Defoe丹尼爾笛福The father of novel.Robinson Crusoe魯賓遜漂流記It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.4.Henry Fielding亨利菲爾丁“Father of English realistic novel” He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文體史詩), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.棄嬰湯姆瓊斯約瑟夫安德魯5. Sentimentalism & Pre-Romanticism in Poetry：anti-rationalism/anti-classicism6. William Blake威廉布萊克(Pre-R)Songs of Innocence天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. 掃煙囪的孩子Songs of Experience經(jīng)驗之歌7. Robert Burns羅伯特彭斯(Pre-R)The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18thCPoems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩A Red, Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰nAuld Lang Syne 友誼地久天長My Hearts in the Highlands我的心在那高原上, The Tree of LibertyV The Romantic Period1. William Wordsworth威廉華茲華斯Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集2. George Gordon Byron喬治戈登拜倫Don Juan唐璜 She Walks In Beauty 3. 4.Persy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪萊A Defence of Poetry詩辯 Ode to the West Wind西風頌Theme: The author expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seeds which still come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: it is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas詩節(jié), each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features: Using rerza rima(三行詩aba bcb cdc ded efe )4. John Keats約翰濟慈Four great odes: Ode on a Grecian Urn希臘古甕頌Ode to a Nightingale夜鶯頌Ode to Psyche心靈頌Ode On Melancholy 憂郁頌Ode to Autumn秋頌Theme: The theme is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poems three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.VI CRITICAL REALISM1. Charles Dickens查爾斯狄更斯（批判現(xiàn)實主義小說家）critical realist writerOliver Twist霧都孤兒;David Copperfield大衛(wèi)科波菲爾;Hard Times艱難時世Great Expectations遠大前程2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉麥克匹斯薩克雷Vanity Fair名利場3. Jane Austen簡奧斯丁lSense and Sensibility理智與感情；Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見；Emma愛瑪4. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特 Jane Eyre簡愛Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊5. George Eliot喬治艾略特（批判現(xiàn)實）lThe Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Middlemarch米德爾馬契 Mid and Late 19th Century1. Robert Browning羅伯特白朗寧My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行詩2. Christina. G. Rossetti: Seek and Find; Song3. Literary Trends at the end of the century: naturalism: environmental force & internal impulse/pessimism & determinism; aestheticism: art should serve no religious, moral or social end, nor any end except itself: Oscar Wilde王爾德Salomo 20th Century 1. Henry James(stream of consciousness): a portrait of a woman貴婦畫像2. Thomas Hardy托馬斯哈代Tess Of The DUrbervilles德伯家的苔絲; Jude The Obscure無名的裘德3.George Bernard Shaw喬治伯納蕭critical realistic dramatistMrs. Warrens Profession華倫夫人的職業(yè); Widowers Houses鰥夫的房產(chǎn)Man And Superman人與超人; The Apple Cart蘋果車; Saint Joan圣女貞德4. Imagism: free verse/conventional/ common speech/ new rhythms/ clear images5. 1.William Butler Yeats威廉勃特勒葉茨,Ireland when you are oldcelebrated & accomplished symbolist poet/ use an elaborate system of symbols6. Thomas Sterns Eliot: The Waste Land; Four Quartets7. David Herbert Lawrence戴維赫伯特勞倫斯Sons And Lovers兒子與情人;The Rainbow虹；Women In Love戀愛中的女人8. James Joyce詹姆斯喬伊斯stream-of-consciousness：Ulysses尤利西斯9. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼婭沃爾芙stream-of-consciousnessMrs. Dalloway達洛維夫人；To The Lighthouse到燈塔去；The Waves浪；the mark on the wall墻上的斑點 Second War1. E. M. FosterA Passage To India印度之行 Hawards End霍華茲別墅a room with a view看得見風景的房間2. George Orwell: 19843. William Golding: Lord of the Flies蠅王4. Doris Lessing多麗絲萊辛The Golden Notebook金色筆記5. Samuel Beckett: waiting for godat6. Harold Pinter: the room詩歌評論抑揚格（iamb, iambic）揚抑格（trochee, trochaic）抑抑揚格（Anapaest, anapaestic）揚抑抑格（dactyl, dactylic）. Meter步律英文詩行的長度范圍一般是一音步至五音步。最常見的是四音步、五音步的詩。一音步詩：monometer 二音步詩：dimeter/two feet三音步詩：trimeter /three feet四音步詩：tetrameter/four feet五音步詩：pentameter 六音步詩：hexameter 七音步詩：heptameter八音步詩：octameter.Metrical patterns（格律的形式）Iambic pentameter 抑揚格五音步 (John Milton, Paradise Lost)Dact