英語中主動形式表被動的用法.doc

英語中主動形式表被動的用法1.表示被動含義的主動動詞1)系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些系動詞常表示被動意義。常見的有taste(吃起來), sound (聽起來), prove(證明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽起來很合理。Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良藥苦口。2)一些與cant(不能)或wont(不會)連用的動詞。常用的有: lock(鎖住), shut(關(guān)上) , open（打開，營業(yè)）, close（關(guān)門）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）,例如:The door wont open. 這門打不開。It cant move. 它不能動。This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3)一些與well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等連用的動詞,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。這種“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常表示事物內(nèi)部特有的屬性。例如:The book sells well.這種書很暢銷。These clothes wash well.這些衣服很耐洗。4) 用在“主語+不及物動詞+主語補語”句型中的一些不及物動詞, 例如:This material has worn thin.這料子已磨薄了。The dust has blown into the house.灰塵被風(fēng)吹進了房子。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 5) 某些不及物動詞，如happen, occur, cost以及短語，如come out（出版）, come up（出現(xiàn)）, come into being（產(chǎn)生） come to ones mind（想起）, turn out（證明是）, come about（發(fā)生）, break out（爆發(fā)）, belong to（屬于）等，本身表被動含義，所以它們常用主動形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 2.表示被動含義的主動結(jié)構(gòu)1)動名詞 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)deserve(應(yīng)該)等后所用的動名詞,必須用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義,例如:These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 這些幼苗將需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的頭發(fā)該剪了。2)不定式作定語:不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常表示動賓關(guān)系,即用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。這種情形最常出現(xiàn)在“There+be+主語+修飾主語的不定式”和“及物動詞+賓語(或雙賓語)+修飾賓語的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,特別是“主語+have+賓語+修飾賓語的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,例如:Give him some books to read.給他點書看。He has a family to support.他要維持一個家庭。There is a lot of work to do.有許多工作要干。當(dāng)然,這里的不定式在個別情形下也可用被動形式,含義區(qū)別不大,例如:There is so much work to do/to be done.有這么多事情要做。Give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted.把那些要聯(lián)系的人的名字給我。在“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”句型中,有時主語是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語,這是應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動含義。適合于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞比較多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的), cheap(便宜的), dangerous(危險的), difficult(困難的), easy(容易的), important(重要的), nice(令人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:That question is difficult to answer.那個問題不容易回答。Chickens legs are nice to eat. 雞腿很好吃。在be to結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式:這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義:Who is to blame for starting the fire ?這場火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰負責(zé)?The house is to let. 此房出租。3)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)“be + under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu):這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示某事“在進行中”。例如:The building is under construction.這座樓正在建設(shè)中。The whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).整個事情正在討論中。經(jīng)常這樣用的名詞還有repair(修理), treatment(治療), question(質(zhì)問)等?！癰e worthy of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu):在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞和句子的主語有被動含義,如:a man worthy of support 一個值得支持的人nothing worthy of praise 沒有值得稱道的事情此結(jié)構(gòu)后通常用表示行為的名詞,而不用動名詞的被動形式。高考例題（1）The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts （2）- Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cup board? - No, dear. They dont _