短文綜合填空(4-3).doc

短文綜合填空命題特點(diǎn)及解題技巧 短文綜合填空實(shí)際上是完形填空的一種形式，即，給出首字母的填詞型完形填空，一般在短文中留空10個(gè)。近幾年，有的地方中考把短文綜合填空單獨(dú)列為一個(gè)大題，它要求學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文線(xiàn)索，從語(yǔ)篇層次上把握語(yǔ)言材料，在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行邏輯推理，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地填上意義上和語(yǔ)法上都正確的單詞。短文綜合填空主要考查學(xué)生以下三個(gè)方面的知識(shí)和技能：1、對(duì)文章的整體理解、上下文段落的銜接、邏輯思維和判斷能力；2、對(duì)詞匯意義、慣用法、常見(jiàn)搭配、各種語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、句型、句式等的理解與運(yùn)用能力；3、對(duì)生活中常見(jiàn)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。 一、命題特點(diǎn)1、所選文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，文章內(nèi)容新穎、有趣、可讀性強(qiáng)。與英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所倡導(dǎo)的五級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀水平相當(dāng)。2、文章長(zhǎng)短適當(dāng)，內(nèi)容緊湊。文章內(nèi)一般設(shè)空10個(gè)，且給首字母提示。文章的首尾兩句一般不設(shè)空，從而保證給學(xué)生提供足夠的信息量。3、文章中空格的設(shè)定以考查語(yǔ)言意義為主，對(duì)實(shí)詞（名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等）的考查占較大的比重。4、空格的設(shè)計(jì)著重考查在一定語(yǔ)境中的詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用、習(xí)慣搭配和推理判斷。二、解題技巧1、速讀。通讀文章，跳過(guò)空格了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。抓住首尾句。捕捉文章的首句可以對(duì)整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的方向有初步的了解，有助于接下來(lái)的理解與推理，而尾句往往是文章的結(jié)論、總結(jié)和升華，會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)很多的啟示。抓住文章的主線(xiàn)和關(guān)鍵詞。速讀時(shí)往往會(huì)遇到部分生詞，可采取跳讀或猜詞的方式，了解文章的梗概、把握文章的中心。如果一開(kāi)始就忙于見(jiàn)一空填一詞，則無(wú)法從語(yǔ)篇上進(jìn)行整體把握，容易造成顧此失彼，影響做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確率。2、精讀。仔細(xì)閱讀文章，抓住短文每段、每句作者所要表達(dá)的思想。短文綜合填空題一般也分為：知識(shí)型。主要考查詞匯、習(xí)慣搭配在語(yǔ)篇中的運(yùn)用。推理型。主要考查對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握和理解。對(duì)連詞的考查涉及到學(xué)生對(duì)行文邏輯的掌握和句子之間關(guān)聯(lián)的理解。綜合型。即對(duì)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查，如生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)等。3、復(fù)讀。再次閱讀短文，檢查答案，看其是否符合文章的邏輯推理。短文綜合填空屬于障礙性閱讀，或恢復(fù)原貌式的閱讀理解，學(xué)生可憑借語(yǔ)感通讀文章，檢查前后是否連貫。三、示例解析AIf you dont use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become week; when you start using them again, they will gradually(逐漸的) become s 1 again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people do not seem to know that it is the s 2 with memory. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he doesnt give it enough chance to become stronger.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we k 3 that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has p poor memory, many of us think that his 4 are to blame, and f 5 of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you e 6 found some people cant read or write but they usually have b 7 memories! This is b 8 they can not read or write and they h 9 to remember things; they can not write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised.So if you want a good memory, I 10 from these people; practice remembering.答案解析：1.填stronger。該句采用對(duì)比說(shuō)明人的胳膊和腿不用就會(huì)變得虛弱，再用起來(lái)，就會(huì)變得更強(qiáng)壯。2.填some。根據(jù)上文和首字母s的提示可知：許多人似乎不知道人的記憶力與前面說(shuō)的人的胳膊和腿的情況是同樣的道理。3.填know。此句說(shuō)明一個(gè)常理，我們知道人的胳膊和腿不用就弱，這是自己的錯(cuò)。4.填parents。聯(lián)系上文可知，我們?cè)S多人認(rèn)為記憶不好，責(zé)任在于父母。5.填few。該句說(shuō)明，記憶不好也是自己的錯(cuò)，這一道理卻很少有人知道。6.填ever。根據(jù)道字母e的提示及該句的時(shí)態(tài)和意思判斷就填ever。7.填better。此句舉例說(shuō)，有些人雖然不會(huì)讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字，但他們卻有較好的記憶力。8.填because。用This is because句型說(shuō)明不會(huì)讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字的人而記憶力較好原因。9.填have。此句用have to 結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明不會(huì)讀書(shū)寫(xiě)字的人，他們不得不強(qiáng)記東西。10.填learn。此句是作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的，如果你想有好的記憶，就向這些人學(xué)習(xí)，練習(xí)記憶。BMany people in Beijing have returned to school only because they have become parents.Parents are searching for help to solve a problem: the education of their “only c 1 .” “One student complained his father, who liked smoking, always left the s 2 of smoke in the room and he could not do his homework there. Another wrote that his father often played mah jong and the n 3 kept him awake most of the night. Many people know I 4 about home education and keep making mistakes. Parents school are badly n 5 .” an official said.The parents school provide many talks on h 6 to be good parents.Xu Lins son was a middle school student. He f 7 all of his first term exams. Xu Lin got a 8 and beat him. But his sons marks didnt improve. Xu Lin then went to a parents school and learned a lot. The boy did well in all his subjects in the next term and helped teach his mother English.Parents need not only to give instructions, but to be t 9 , even by their children. A parent said, “A 10 the classes, I know more about my child and she also understands me better.”答案解析：1. 填child。聯(lián)系下文可知：父母再次入學(xué)是為了尋找?guī)椭鉀Q他們的獨(dú)生子的教育問(wèn)題。2. 填smell。Smell在此用作名詞，吸煙后，房間里留下煙味。3. 填noise。父親打麻將的聲音使他長(zhǎng)時(shí)間夜晚不能入睡。4. 填little。由前兩句可知：許多父母對(duì)家庭教育知之甚少。5. 填needed。從此段可知，許多父母對(duì)家庭教育不夠重視，因此非常需要家長(zhǎng)學(xué)校。6. 填how。據(jù)首字母提示及句意可知，家長(zhǎng)學(xué)校提供了很多怎樣做好家長(zhǎng)的講座。7. 填failed。由后面的beat him可判斷出，許林的兒子在第一學(xué)期所有的考試都沒(méi)有及格。8. 填angry?？荚嚊](méi)及格，父親當(dāng)然很生氣了。9. 填taught。聯(lián)系上下文可知，家長(zhǎng)也需要被教育。10. 填A(yù)fter。此句表示上過(guò)這些課文后，他她知道了許多關(guān)于孩子的情況。CHow to Look after a ComputerMany young people use computers, but few of them know how to look after them. Remember the following when you use your computer.Keep your computer in a cool, dry r 1 . Too much or too little heat is bad for computers. Moisture(潮濕) is also bad for them. Most computers work b 2 at a temperature of 50C300C.Dont let people s 3 cigarettes(香煙) near your computer. Smoke of all kinds is very bad for many parts of a computer and cause many p 4 .Dont eat or d 5 when you are near your computer. Pieces of food and a little water in the k 6 can also cause many problems.Make sure that the keyboard and screen are the correct h 7 for you. If they are not correct, you will get a backache.Make sure the screen is the correct distance from your e 8 . If you wear glasses, make sure these glasses are correct for using with the computer. Some people use a different pair of glasses when they use a computer.Keep your screen c 9 and dont have it bright. A dirty screen can h 10 your eyes. A very bright screen can also be bad for your eyes.答案解析：1. 填room。電腦應(yīng)放在涼快，干燥的房間里。2. 填best。聯(lián)系上句可知，多數(shù)電腦最佳工作狀態(tài)是50C300C的溫度下。3. 填smoke。根據(jù)首字母和句意可知，不要讓人在你的電腦旁抽煙。4. 填problems。聯(lián)系上句可知，各種煙霧對(duì)電腦的許多零部件有害，并且能引起許多問(wèn)題。5. 填drink。根據(jù)首字母和句意可知，當(dāng)你在你的電腦旁邊的時(shí)候，不要吃東西，也不要喝東西。6. 填keyboord。鍵盤(pán)上的零星食物和點(diǎn)滴水漬會(huì)引發(fā)許多問(wèn)題。7. 填height。確保鍵盤(pán)和屏幕的高度對(duì)你要適合。8. 填eyes。確保屏幕與你眼睛的距離要適合。9. 填clean。此句表示要保持屏幕清潔干凈。10. 填burt 或harm。聯(lián)系前句和后句可知，不干凈的屏幕會(huì)損害眼睛。短文綜合填空實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Passage 1Our world is g 1 smaller and smaller. We can fly a 2 the world in less than fifty hours. The newest planes go six hundred miles an hour. And we are now making planes that are e 3 faster.O 4 September 20, 1519. Magellan left Spain w 5 five ships and 240 men. They were the first to m 6 the trip on the sea. It t 7 them more than two years by ship. Magellan himself was killed in an island. More than two years I 8 , on December 21, 1521, one of the five ships with only 31 men came b 9 to Spain.They started off from Spain and returned to Spain 2 years later. So they proved(證明) the world was r 10 .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 2Tom was a poor boy, he make a living b 1 cleaning leather(皮) shoes for others in the street. Tom was also a clever boy.One day, a very rich man with the name Miser appeared in front of Tom. He watched his dirty shoes for a while and then looked at Tom. Tom knew this kind of people w 2 . They loved money very much and hated to spend it.Tom said, “Let me clean your shoes, sir.” “For nothing?” the rich man asked. “O 3 two pence(便士), sir.”Mr Miser shook his head and then walked away.Tom thought for a second and then called out, “Id like to clean it for nothing!” This time Mr Miser a 4 . And soon one of his shoes was shining b 5 .When the rich man put his other shoe on the stool(凳子). Tom said he wouldnt clean it for him unless(除非) he was p 6 two pence for his work. Mr Miser was very angry. He r 7 to pay anything and went away with a smile on his face.Bout to his surprise, the well cleaned shoe was so bright that it make the other one look even d 8 . Mr Miser took a look round. The people in the street were laughing at him. He couldnt walk on a 9 further.At last the rich man r 10 and gave Tom two pence. In a very short time his two shoes shone brightly.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 3Dick is a milkman in New York. He is nearsighted. He has a red car. The car is n 1 expensive nor cheap. Many people have cars like that. You can see them everywhere. Dick likes his car. He thinks its wonderful. Dick likes to go f 2 a ride after supper. He often goes with is big white dog c 3 Bobby.Last Saturday evening Dick went to see a circus(馬戲). He went in his car w 4 Bobby. Hundreds of people went to the circus, and Dick was surprised to see so many cars there.“Where can I 5 my car?” he wondered.Bobby was clever. Ti knew w 6 Dick was looking for. It jumped out of the car and ran about. It found a place between two red cars. “Good!” Dick was h 7 . He parked his car into the space and went with Bobby to see the show.When the show was o 8 , Dick went out and got i 9 the car. Bobby jumped into the next car. Dick got out and pulled the dog back. But soon it jumped into the next car again! Do you know w 10 ?1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 4Many people like to explore the Internet. Exploring the Internet is one of the most important activities of the day. The Internet brings the o 1 world closer to peoples homes. Some people say the world is s 2 because of the Internet.Whats going o 3 in other countries? How do people live in places far away? Is there a good sports game somewhere? Whats life I 4 in the deepest part of the sea? If you want to answer all these questions, just come to the I 5 . Of course, people can also learn through reading or listening to the radio. But with the Internet they can learn b 6 and more easily. A lot of information can be collected at a great speed.Can we go shopping without leaving home? Can you see a d 7 without going to the hospital? Can we s 8 without going to school? Can we draw money without going to a bank? All these things seemed to be impossible, but now have become quite p 9 .The Internet helps us to open our eyes. The Internet also helps to open our minds. The Internet often gives us new i 10 . In a word, it helps us in many ways. Great changes have taken place in our life since the use of the Internet.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 5Music in AmericaMusic is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments(樂(lè)器) are beautiful to all people everywhere.Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to m 1 before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play music loudly as they d 2 on the street.Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio a 3 they drive to work. They also listen to the n 4 about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. Most of the radio broadcast is music.Pop or popular music singers make much money. They m 5 a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money f 6 these tapes comes to the singer. W 7 the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national s 8 .There are other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. A 9 is called western or country music. This was started by were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love b 10 a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 6Today people can use the phone to talk w 1 others almost anywhere on the earth. But when you use the phone, you dont see the person you are talking with. That may c 2 in the near future.Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision phone. With it, two people who are talking can s 3 each other.Picture phones can be useful when you have something to s 4 the person youre calling. They may have other uses in the future. One day you may be a 5 to call up a library and ask to see a book. Then youll be able to r 6 the book right over your picture phone. Or you may be able to go shopping t 7 your picture phone. Suppose you see something in the newspaper that you think you want to b 8 . Youll go to your phone and c 9 the shop. People at the shop will show you the thing youre i 10 in right over the phone. Youll be able to shop all over town and never even leave your room!1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 7Computers are useful machines. They can help people a I 1 in their daily life. For example, they can help people to s 2 much time to do much work, and they can help people to work out many problems they cant do e 3 . Our country asks everyone to learn to use computers before the twenty first century, e 4 the old people.Today more and more families o 5 computers. Parents buy computers for their children. They hope computers can help them improve their studies in school. Y 6 , many of their children use computers to play games, to watch video, or to sing karaoke(卡拉OK), i 7 of studying. So, many teachers and parents complain that computers can not help children to study but make them f 8 behind. So computers are locked in boxes by parents.In some other countries, even some scientists also hate computers. They say computers let millions of people I 9 their jobs or bring them a lot of trouble.Well computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness? It will be decided by o 10 .1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 8Throughout the world, women live I 1 than men. Why? Because men smoke m 2 . Nonsmoking men live just a 3 long as women.Smokers pollution the a 4 . They breathe out 100 times as much pollution as nonsmokers. They breathe it out on their children and on their wives or husbands. Children whose p 5 smoke have more breathing and lung problems than o 6 children. Among nonsmoking women married to smokers, there are twice as many deaths from lung cancer as there are among women m 7 to nonsmokers. Men have the right to kill themselves b 8 smoking if they want to. But they do not have the right to kill their w 9 and children by smoking.Smokers are absent from work more. Factories and businesses lose m 10 of dollars every year because of smokers. Smokers use much more public money for medical care than nonsmokers.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 9A good memory is a great help in I 1 a language. E 2 learns his own language by remembering w 3 he hears when he is a small child, and some children like boys and girls who live a 4 with their parents seem to learn two I 5 almost as easily as to learn one. In school it is not easy to learn a s 6 language because the pupils have so I 7 time for it, and they are busy with other s 8 , too.A mans mind is rather like a camera, but it takes p 9 not only of what we see but a 10 of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. If we take a real photo with a camera, there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 10Education of Japanese children is free for the first nine years and all children must go to school for s 1 years of primary schooling(小學(xué)教育) and three years of secondary schooling(中學(xué)教育). In the primary and secondary schools, about 99.9 percent of school age children are present. School usually b 2 at eight oclock in the morning and e 3 at three oclock in the afternoon on w 4 and at noon on Saturday. The school year begins in April and ends in March. There is a s 5 holiday in August and a w 6 holiday during the New Year season.After n 7 years of schooling, students can e 8 the three year high school by passing an examination and paying a small charge each year. After high school, students can go o 9 to study at various types of c 10 , usually for four years. There are also two year junior colleges.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 11In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution(污染). They join “environment c 1 .” In an environment club, people work together to make our environment c 2 .Here are some t 3 students often do.No garbage(垃圾) lunches. How much do you throw away after lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the I 4 garbage and report them to the whole school!No car day. On a no car day, n 5 comes to school in a car not the students and not the t 6 ! Cars give off waste gas in air, so remember.Walk, jump, ride or run.Use your legs! Its lots of f 7 !Turn o 8 the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty m3 of water an hour? In a year, that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students would mend those b 9 toilets.We love our environment. Lets work t 10 to make it clean.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 12William Henry Harrision, the ninth president(總統(tǒng)) of the United States, was born in a small town. As a boy, he was very quiet and shameful(害羞的). In f 1 , he was so q 2 that everyone thought he was stupid. The peopl