2019最新高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)細(xì)講精練11—祈使句,反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句(詳解).doc

2019最新高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)細(xì)講精練11祈使句，反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句（詳解）【考綱解讀】從近幾年的高考題可以看出，在四種簡(jiǎn)單句型中，考查的重點(diǎn)比較集中，主要考查反意疑問(wèn)句和祈使句。作為考查點(diǎn)，在全國(guó)卷及地方卷單項(xiàng)填空中每年都以靈活、多變的形式出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)、簡(jiǎn)單句的考查今后仍是熱點(diǎn)。考查的重點(diǎn)是：祈使句和含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句及句尾的附加成分等。主要考點(diǎn)有：1. 祈使句的判斷2. 祈使句固定結(jié)構(gòu)3. 反意疑問(wèn)句一般用法及特殊用法【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】一、簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。按照句子的功能，簡(jiǎn)單句可分為4類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。其中陳述句中的否定式、疑問(wèn)句中的反意疑問(wèn)句以及感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)多為考查重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握。以下將對(duì)此作重點(diǎn)分析。1.陳述句陳述句包括肯定式和否定式兩種（肯定式暫略）。注意以下有關(guān)否定結(jié)構(gòu)的問(wèn)題：He had hardly any schooling before liberation.Not both of them want to go.（=Both of them dont want to go.）All that glitters is not gold.None of these answers are/is correct.We dont believe that he can do that.Is Xiao Ming coming?I dont suppose so./I suppose not./I suppose so.hope和be afraid的肯定和否定答語(yǔ)分別為：I hope so./I hope not.及Im afraid so./Im afraid not.2.疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句?，F(xiàn)主要介紹反意疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成。形式：句子+簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句（1）前面若有多個(gè)句子并列，則以最后一個(gè)句子為準(zhǔn)；若前面部分為主從復(fù)合句，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，以主句為準(zhǔn)；但若主從復(fù)合句的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose，guess等，主語(yǔ)又是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、謂語(yǔ)又沒有任何副詞修飾時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱則以從句為準(zhǔn)，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。（2）前面句子含有must，cant，may等表推測(cè)的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分則依據(jù)句子的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)而定。（3）句子是lets.時(shí)，后面用shall/shant we；前面部分是let us.祈使句時(shí)，后面用will/wont you。（4）前面句子是Im .時(shí)，后面用arent I；句子是Im not.時(shí)，后面用am I。（5）前面是感嘆句時(shí)，后面跟感嘆句的主謂一致，但用否定形式。（6）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用復(fù)數(shù)形式。否定、肯定形式：（1）一般說(shuō)來(lái)，前后兩部分的否定、肯定形式相反；但當(dāng)句子前有Oh，Ah，So等語(yǔ)氣詞時(shí)，前面兩部分的否定、肯定形式相同。（2）前面部分有否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構(gòu)成的否定詞時(shí)，后面部分還是用否定形式。There used to be a cinema here before the war，use（d）nt there/didnt there?Such things ought not to be allowed，ought they?He seldom comes late，does he?You dont think he can finish the work by himself，do you?Have a cup of tea，will you?3.祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑等。祈使句的主語(yǔ)是you，但一般被省略；當(dāng)前面有呼語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般得補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)you；否定式一般是前面加Dont。在“祈使句+and/or/and then+句子”句型中，當(dāng)祈使句中含有比較級(jí)時(shí)，可將祈使句中的謂語(yǔ)部分省略，只留下“比較級(jí)或比較級(jí)與名詞+and/or/and then+句子”。Get up early tomorrow，or youll miss the first bus.4.感嘆句how修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句。如：How fluently she speaks English!what修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成感嘆句。如：What fun!What a lovely girl she is!【考點(diǎn)詮釋】考點(diǎn)l 祈使句的判定和特點(diǎn)祈使句用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。其主語(yǔ)是you，往往省略。常見的祈使句句型如下：1動(dòng)詞原形如：Lay down your arms!放下武器!Be sure to get there before eight Oclock一定要在8點(diǎn)前趕到那兒。2Dont或Never+動(dòng)詞原形。如：Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！3Do+動(dòng)詞原形(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如：Do tell her about it務(wù)必將此事告訴她。4主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形。如：Tomyou go and see whatS happening湯姆，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor你們，女生擦桌子。你們，男生，打掃地板。5祈使句+and/or+陳述句 (and表示順承關(guān)系，or表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)。如：use your head，and you11 find a good way(=If you use your head，you11 find a good way)動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你會(huì)找到一種好辦法的。Hurry up，or we11 be late(=If we dont hurry up，we11 be late)快點(diǎn)，不然我們就遲到了。6Be SO kind/good as+不定式(此句型用來(lái)表達(dá)客氣的請(qǐng)求，so kind/good as相當(dāng)于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我吧?？键c(diǎn)2 反意疑問(wèn)句1基本結(jié)構(gòu)如陳述部分為肯定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為否定形式；如陳述部分為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為肯定形式。如：It is a fine day，isnt it?今天是個(gè)好天氣，不是嗎?He isnt a teacher，is he?他不是老師，對(duì)嗎?特別提示前半部分為否定形式的反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同。如：一Tom doesnt know itdoes he?湯姆不知道這事，對(duì)吧? 一Nohe doesnt/Yes，he does對(duì)，他不知道。/不，他知道。2陳述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing”等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，這部分應(yīng)視為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句就用肯定形式。如：He was hardly twelve then，was he?他當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎不到十二歲，是嗎?3陳述部分含有帶”否定”前綴的詞，則這部分應(yīng)看做肯定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句就用否定形式。如：she dislikes the way you work，doesnt she?她不喜歡你的工作方式，對(duì)嗎?4祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句肯定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you/wont you；否定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you。如：Have a little more coffeewill you/wont you?再來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡，好嗎?5陳述部分含有must表推測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分中的must表”一定，想必”等推測(cè)意義時(shí)，要根據(jù)陳述句部分的真實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，在簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中采用與其相符合的助動(dòng)詞形式。(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)：You must be hungry now，arent you?你此刻一定很餓，對(duì)吧?=Im sure youre hungry now，arent you?(2)對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的推測(cè)：He must be watching TV now，isnt he?他現(xiàn)在一定在看電視，對(duì)嗎?：Im sure he is watching TV now，isnt he?(3)對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的推測(cè)：Tom must have lived here for a long timehasnt he?Tom一定在這兒生活了很久，對(duì)嗎?=Im sure Tom has lived here for a long time，hasnt he?(4)對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)：She must have arrived yesterday，didnt she?她昨天一定來(lái)了，對(duì)嗎?=Im sure she arrived yesterday，didnt she?(陳述部分有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday)6陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為this/that/everything等時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。如：Everything is all right，isnt it?一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，是嗎?7陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用he，口語(yǔ)中也用they。如：Everyone knows the answer，doesnt he/dont they?每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)答案，對(duì)嗎?8如陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是wish，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用可提前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may。如：1 wish to call on you tonight，may I?我今晚想去拜訪你，可以嗎?9陳述部分是there be句型時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用there。如：There used to be a village near the mountain，usednt there?山的旁邊曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)山村，是嗎?10在復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主謂語(yǔ)須與主句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如：It is the first time that you have come here，isnt it?你是第一次來(lái)這兒，對(duì)嗎7特別提示如果陳述部分是I/We dont think/believe/suppose/imagine+賓語(yǔ)從句，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：I dont think he is forty，is he?我認(rèn)為他沒有四十歲，是嗎? 考點(diǎn)3感嘆句感嘆句常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚訝、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。感嘆句常有以下幾種情形：1what式感嘆句(1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如：What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我們玩得多開心呀!(2)What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如：What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花兒啊!(3)What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如：What fine weather it is!多好的天氣啊!2how式感嘆句(1)How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如：How clever she is!她多么聰明呀!(2)How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如：How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一種感情啊!3省略式感嘆句(1)how直接修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如：How we love our motherland!我們是多么熱愛自己的祖國(guó)啊!(2)省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。如：What an interesting book!多有趣的一本書啊!4特殊式感嘆句The design and the colours!多美的圖案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那樣一套衣服賣給了一個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁!【試題放送】1. 【2018池州市普通高中高三第一學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)監(jiān)】Do you still believe in love?Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【答案】C 【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這是一個(gè)“it is that”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not but”結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 【2018安徽宿州高三一次質(zhì)檢】I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.Adid the local government care forBthe local government cared forCdid the local government care aboutDthe local government cared about【答案】C【解析】考查倒裝和短語(yǔ)辨析。否定詞little為否定副詞，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故排除B和D。care for喜歡，care about在乎。答語(yǔ)句意為：我也很震驚，當(dāng)?shù)卣苌僭谝庳毨和陌踩?. 【2018云南省部分名校 一次統(tǒng)考】_ at the news that her eyes rained tears. A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was RebeccaC. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Rebecca so sad【答案】B【解析】考查倒裝。“sothat”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so 和形容詞提前，后面要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。4. 【2018浙江溫州高三期期末八校聯(lián)考】Not only _ a promise ,but she also kept it.A. did she makeB.she madeC. does she makeD. had she made【答案】A【解析】考查倒裝句式。 Not only提前，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：他不僅許下了諾言，而且還堅(jiān)守了諾言。5. 【2018萊蕪期末】Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _ except the cabin in the backyard.A. did he go B. he did go C. went he D. he went 【答案】A【解析】 考查倒裝。nowhere【意思是：沒有一個(gè)地方】表示否定意義的副詞位于句首要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。6. 【2018池州市普通高中高三第一學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)監(jiān)】Do you still believe in love?Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【答案】C 【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這是一個(gè)“it is that”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not but”結(jié)構(gòu)。7. 【2018金華十校期末】Are you free tonight? _, Id like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the StatesAEven so BWhen necessary CIf not DIf so【答案】D【解析】考查替代。If so.意思是：如果這樣的話。這里so替代的是上文的：you are free。8. 【2018上海春招】 It was not until 1920 _American women had the chance