北師大版高中英語選修七教案：Unit21 Human Biology詞匯篇1（學(xué)生版）.doc

unit21 human biology-詞匯篇1_1、掌握本單元warm-up及l(fā)esson 1中的重點(diǎn)單詞，短語及句型。2、靈活運(yùn)用本單元warm-up及l(fā)esson 1中的重點(diǎn)單詞，短語及句型。一 重點(diǎn)單詞與短語1. slow down減速，放慢速度you must slow down your car. 你必須把車子開慢。can we slow down and walk for a bit? 咱們放慢速度步行一會(huì)兒好嗎?2.with prep.帶有，攜帶1) 帶有，攜帶the writer arrived with a cup of coffee.服務(wù)員端著一杯咖啡來了。2)和在一起，和，同would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我們一起去看戲嗎？3)指原因或理由his face was red with anger.他的臉氣的通紅。3.come across 偶遇i came across an old school friend in osford street this moring.今天早上我在牛津街碰見了一位老校友。短語拓展：come along跟隨come off 舉行，發(fā)生come through (重病后)康復(fù)4.tolerate vt.容忍; 忍受; 容許; 默許i cant tolerate his bad manners any longer. 我再也不能容忍他無禮的行為。shes not a woman to tolerate being played with 她不是一個(gè)能容忍別人玩弄的女子辨析 tolerate/stand/ bear易混詞詞義區(qū)別tolerate容忍忍受與自己不同的行為或認(rèn)識(shí)stand容忍承受困難或不快，常用于否定句bear容忍泛指忍受精神上或肉體上的各種磨難。i wont tolerate your behaving in this way.我不能容忍你這樣做。i cant you stand any more.我再也受不了你了。the pain was almost more than he could bear.這種痛苦幾乎使他受不了。5. seek vt. (sought, sought )找尋, 尋求; 征求, 請求seek to do sth.設(shè)法/試圖做某事i will seek my doctors advice. 我將征求醫(yī)生的意見。older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不會(huì)在情感上太依賴他們的子女。6. annual adj. 每的， 一年一次的, 年度的經(jīng)典例句 the old couples annual outgoing is to go to the seaside.這對老婦每一次的旅游是到海邊去。the annual rings of the trees can tell us how old the tree is.輪能夠告訴我們這棵樹長了多少了?？键c(diǎn)聚焦1) annual adj. 每的， 一年一次的, 年度的。如：their annual happy day is their wedding anniversary.他們每中最幸福的日子是結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日。2)annually adv. 一一次, 每，作頻率狀語。如：-how soon do you go to see your son?-annually.-你們多長時(shí)間去看一次兒子？-一年一次。7.in vain徒然，白費(fèi)，無效we tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我們想使他改變主意，結(jié)果是白費(fèi)心機(jī)。day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her. 日復(fù)一日，她徒勞地等待他的電話。短語拓展：in time 及時(shí)in trouble處于困境in peace和平地in surprise驚訝地in place在合適的位置，準(zhǔn)備就緒8.blame v.把歸咎于短語拓展：blame sb. for把歸咎于某人；因指責(zé)某人blame on sb.把歸咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)(對壞事)負(fù)有責(zé)任辨析blame/charge/ accuse易混詞詞義區(qū)別blame指責(zé)blame sb. forcharge指責(zé)chargesb. withaccuse指責(zé)accuse sb. ofshe blamed him for the failure of their marriage.她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。she charge me with neglecting my duty.她指控我玩忽職守。the surgeon was accused of negligence.這個(gè)外科醫(yī)生被指責(zé)失職。9.at random隨便地，任意地，胡亂地choose a card at random from the deck. 從一副牌中任意選出一張the librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 圖書管理員從書架上隨便拿了一本書。短語拓展：at ease 無拘無束at peace處于和睦狀態(tài)at risk處于險(xiǎn)境10.by prep.憑借1)(表示)憑借the house is heateh by gas.這房子是煤氣供暖的。2)由于he succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功了。3)按照，根據(jù)by my watch it is half past eleven.我的表是11:30。4)不遲于(某時(shí)間)we have to be home by ten oclock.我們10點(diǎn)鐘之前必修到家。5)表示程度，數(shù)量this one is shorter than the other by three inches.11.oppose v.反對辨析：oppose，object和resistoppose，object和 resist三者都含反對的意思。oppose為常用詞, 指對某人、某事采取積極行動(dòng)來反對, 著重指動(dòng)作, 尤指反對一種觀念、思想、計(jì)劃等。如:the father opposed to his sons marriage.父親反對兒子的婚事。object常指用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對, 著重指個(gè)人嫌厭和提出反對意見。如:i objected to his plan.我反對他的計(jì)劃。resist指積極地反抗、對抗用武力阻止.的前進(jìn)，如:the villagers were resisting the enemy.村民們正在抵抗敵人。he oppose the proposal to build a new hall.他反對修建新禮堂的建議。he objects to the label “magician”which he is often given.還有兩句其他侯選人和他較量。常見短語：oppose a against /to b 把a(bǔ)與b相對照或相比oppose oneself to 反對as opposed to 與.相對；與.成對比二重點(diǎn)句子1.taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance,they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.眾所周知,服用這些藥就是服用“興奮劑”。盡管興奮劑有助于提高成績,但同時(shí)也會(huì)給那些濫用興奮劑的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在日后的生活中帶來嚴(yán)重的健康問題。剖析本句是and連接的并列復(fù)合句。taking these drugs是動(dòng)詞-ing短語,作第一個(gè)分句的主語;第二個(gè)分句中的although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,who引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾those?？键c(diǎn)abuse vt. 濫用they were accused of abusing their power to keep prices high. 他們被指控濫用職權(quán),抬高價(jià)格。2.the sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是一種根本的欺騙形式,體育界是不會(huì)容忍運(yùn)動(dòng)員服用興奮劑的。剖析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。as在句中引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句?？键c(diǎn)tolerate vt. 容忍there is a limit to what one person can tolerate.一個(gè)人的忍耐是有限度的。3.doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)中的問題,每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目中都存在這個(gè)問題,運(yùn)動(dòng)員為尋求取得超常體育成績而準(zhǔn)備作弊。剖析 本句含有并列復(fù)合句。where在句中引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾every sport。關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)定語從句除了修飾具體的地點(diǎn)名詞place, village, town等之外,還可以修飾case, spot, point, situation等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞。you could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.你可能遇到某種情況,使你不得不立刻作出決定。4.it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)行檢查,而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。剖析it 作形式主語,真正的主語是to be tested。it 作形式主語,常用于下列句型:it is compulsory for sb.to do .某人做是強(qiáng)制性的。it is necessary for sb.to do .某人做是有必要的。it is important for sb.to do .某人做是重要的。it is right for sb.to do .某人做是正確的。5. in the future,athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.將來,改變了基因的運(yùn)動(dòng)員有可能8秒跑完百米或不到2小時(shí)完成馬拉松。剖析 本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。who引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾athletes?？键c(diǎn)have sth.done 使某物被ill have my computer fixed next sunday.下星期天我要請人修電腦?！癶ave+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu):1)have sb./sth.do sth. 使某人/某物做某事;sb./sth.與do之間是主謂關(guān)系。you can have your sister go shopping with you.你可以讓你姐姐和你一起去購物。例1. (2014北京海淀二模) during the final match, all the audience should _excitement.a. at b. for c. by d. with例2. (2014課標(biāo)全國) would you like to _with us to the film tonight? a. come alongb. come offc. come acrossd. come through例3. (2015河北衡水中學(xué)月考) at that time, local school _(seek) to reduce the dropout rate.例4. (2015福建聯(lián)考)nowadays, instead of going out to contact other people_, more and more people tend to communicate with others via electronic devices.a. in vain b. in personc. in charged. in place例5. (2014北京西城期末)we can also visit the palace center at weekends, but it will mean increasing the entrance fee _ $5,from $10to$15.a. for b. by c. at d. of基礎(chǔ)演練一單詞拼寫(根據(jù)中文提示拼寫單詞) 1. she found it difficult to establish a new _(常規(guī),秩序) after retirement.2. those who can _ (預(yù)見) difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.3. he suggested _ (推遲) the match to the following saturday because of bad weather.4. now we have _ (足夠的) time to release ourselves with two days for break.5. it is _ (荒謬的) to believe that the number 13 brings bad luck.6. your food will _ (消化) more quickly if you chew it well.7. there is a sharp _ (下降) in interest in sports in our town.8. our teacher has advanced the _ (最終期限) for handing in homework by one week.9. let the water _ (流通), or it will go bad.10. we must prevent the _ (濫用) of privilege.鞏固提高二單詞拼寫(單句首字母填空)1. you can find out many advantages in u _life than in countryside life.2. as a young energetic man, he would rather seek his f _in big cities than spend his life in the village.3. there has been a gradual d _in the population of this big city.4. though he o_ my opinion, he didnt come up with his own one.5. the key to a good interview is t _preparation.一單詞拼寫(單句首字母填空)1. each classroom in our school is e _with a computer, which is helpful to our study.2. i dont think anybody m _to her apart from herself.3. he went on working, occasionally w _off the sweat on his face with a towel.4. d _is a date or time by which you have to do or complete something.5. he p_ for a moment and then began to speak again.二單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. the thief tried every means to break away from the police but _ .a. in vainb. in advancec. in dangerd. in turn( )2. i _myself moreit was a perfect day.a. shouldnt have enjoyedb. neednt have enjoyedc. wouldnt have enjoyedd. couldnt have enjoyed( )3. does the common man _the ideas of political union between european countries?a. objectb. opposec. be ford. be against( )4. - good morning. ive got an appointment with miss smith in the personnel department.- ah, good morning. you _ be mrs. peters.a. mightb. mustc. wouldd. can( )5. we had to _our visit to the pyramids because of the bad weather.a. prohibitb. postponec. foreseed. preserve( )6. the traffic is heavy this day, i _arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?a. canb. mustc. needd. might( )7. at work, i became mad when my company_us from using the phone.a. saveb. reducec. protectd. prohibit( )8. americans often say that there are two things a person _ be sure of in life: death and tax.a. canb. shouldc. mustd. will( )9. anything that mr. green interests me.a. concernsb. matterc. importanced. subjects( )10. no one can _ what will happen in the future.a. diagnoseb. rebuildc. tolerated. foresee _一單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. “you _smoke in the bedroom,”mrs. black said to her husband and pushed him out of the room.a. needntb. mustntc. dare notd. may not( )2. you _buy a gift, but you can if you want to.a. mustb. mustntc. have tod. dont have to( )3. the old lady _smilingly to be helped up the stairs.a. rejectedb. declinedc. refusedd. denied( )4. you _take heavy clothes when you go to bangkok where temperatures are fairly hot year-round.a. wouldntb. mustntc. needntd. cant( )5. - why do some people _drugs?- as far as i know, they want to change the way they feel.a. plotb. violatec. abused. resist( )6. we walked a couple of blocks, looking_ for a taxi, and had to walk to the railway station.a. in storeb. in vainc. in turnd. in return( )7. - i have looked for my keys everywhere, but i cant find them.- sorry to hear that. you _them somewhere.a. ought to loseb. should have lostc. need have lostd. must have lost( )8. - is there anyone who_ the plans put forward by the committee?- no one. we are all for it.a. differsb. opposesc. disagreesd. refuses( )9. - whos that across the street? it looks like alex.- it_ be alex. hes away on business in italy.a. needntb. shouldntc. mustntd. cant( )10. - because of the rain, well have to _the football match.- im free next sunday if you would like to play then.a. abandonb. ignorec. postponed. recover二.完形填空 if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. most of our 1 are not getting enough exercise, 2 , we are aging unnecessarily soon. professor matsuzawa, a japanese scientist with his team, wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be 3 their ability to think and reason at a rather early 49 , and how the process of aging could be slowed down. he set about 4 brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages. the 5 received exact measurements of the front 6 side parts of the brain 7 to intellect and emotion. the hind part of the brain, 8 controls functions(功能) like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living 9 intellectual or emotional abilities. contraction(萎縮) of front and side partsas cells 10 offwas observed in some 11 in their thirties, but it was still not clear in some sixty and seventy-year-old. matsuzawa concluded that there is a simple way to 12 the contraction-using the head. the findings show generally that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “those who 13