Unit+10課文重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳細(xì)講解.doc

2014秋九年級(jí)英語Unit10 Youre supposed to shake hands. 課文重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳細(xì)講解1.be supposed to 的用法用法一： be supposed to. 其中to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，不是介詞，其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)be supposed to. 的主語是“人” 時(shí)，意為“應(yīng)該”；“被期望”，它可以用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。如：Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car.每個(gè)人在汽車?yán)锒紤?yīng)該系安全帶。Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.老師應(yīng)該對(duì)所有的學(xué)生一視同仁。用法：當(dāng)be supposed to. 的主語是“物”時(shí)，它表示“本應(yīng)；本該”，用于表示“某事本應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生”。如：The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 這些新法令本應(yīng)該起到防止犯罪的作用。The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火車本應(yīng)在半小時(shí)之前到達(dá)。用法三： be supposed to后面接“have + 過去分詞”時(shí)，表示“本應(yīng)該做某事而沒做”。如：You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)把作業(yè)交上來了。He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他應(yīng)該一小時(shí)前就到了。用法四： be supposed to. 的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為be not supposed to.,它常用于口語中，意為“不被許可；不應(yīng)當(dāng)”。如：She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不該為那件事而生氣的。You are not supposed to smoke on the bus. 你不應(yīng)該在公共汽車上吸煙2.be expected to do和 be supposed to do 區(qū)別be supposed to do是被期望或要求,應(yīng)該.相對(duì)于be expected to do 主觀性強(qiáng)一些.它相當(dāng)于should的這個(gè)用法是有希望做（成）expect在朗文的第一詞條即為：預(yù)料、期待。例：They are expected to make an announcement later on today.(預(yù)料他們今天晚些時(shí)候會(huì)宣布一項(xiàng)通告)再次例句中，be expected to do意為預(yù)料，表示一種可能性再如：She is expected to be a good doctor.（他有希望成為一名好醫(yī)生)3.expect 用法請(qǐng)讀下面的句子，注意expect的用法。1. I expect a snowstorm. 我預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪。2. The old man is expecting his daughters visit. 這個(gè)老人盼望著他女兒的到訪。3. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. 我期待著收到一件來自父親的禮物。4. Do you expect him to teach you English?你希望他教你英語嗎？5. I didnt expect that you would get there so soon. 我沒想到你會(huì)這么快就到達(dá)那里了?！炯皶r(shí)歸納】 expect是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“預(yù)料，盼望”，它有以下常見用法：1. expect + n. / pron. 預(yù)計(jì)可能發(fā)生；期待某人或某物 2. expect + to do sth. 料想做某事 3. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 4. expect + 從句 預(yù)計(jì) / 料想 4.relax，relaxed，relaxing的區(qū)別與不同的用法1. relax是動(dòng)詞，不及物或及物動(dòng)詞，及物時(shí)，賓語是sb ，使某人放松、使某人休息、使某人輕松。 Now I want to rest and relax. 不及物 現(xiàn)在我得休息一下，放松放松 I need a cup of tea to relax myself.及物 我需要喝杯茶使自己輕松一下。 2. relaxed，形容詞 某人感到輕松、放松、不受拘束的。指某人“感到”輕松。可以這樣理解，形容人如何如何。同interestedexcitedsurprisedboredtired有類似用法。 如 He is feeling relaxed.或He is relaxed The song can make me relaxed. 3. relaxing形容詞 某事情令人輕松的，指某事某物“令人”輕松。可以這樣理解 ，修飾物或事。同interestingexcitingsurprisingboringtiring有類似用法。 如：The song is relaxing. 這首歌真使人輕松。 You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! （修飾music） 你甚至可以邊洗澡邊聽（令人）輕松的音樂。5.As soon as的用法1. 一經(jīng).;立即.;一.就.as soon as表示一。就，其中的從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)。這個(gè)短語用的比較常用，口語和書面語都可以。它的特點(diǎn)是，在句子中的位置比較靈活，而且可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：1、指未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，規(guī)律是：主句一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)如：I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back。注：有時(shí)，為了特意表達(dá)剛剛完成某事就如何如何，需要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.2、指緊接著發(fā)生的兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作，主從句都用一般過去時(shí)如 He took out his English books as soon as he sat down不過，我也見過從句和主句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況。如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class. 他一做完課堂作業(yè)，就跑出了教室。總之，記住那兩種基本的情況，不把時(shí)態(tài)用得太混亂了就行了（比如后面從句里用了將來時(shí)，就絕對(duì)允許了）。以下一些雙語例句嘗試自己書寫Come here as soon as you finish the work.工作一結(jié)束你就到這里來。1. Come here as soon as you finish the work.工作一結(jié)束你就到這里來。2. He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called.一聽到有人叫他，他立即跳下床來。3. Lets talk the matter over as soon as we are conveniently alone.讓我們單獨(dú)在一起的時(shí)候再討論這件事情吧。4. As soon as Marie opened the door,the dog ran in.當(dāng)瑪麗一打開門，狗就跑了進(jìn)來。5. As soon as I stepped inside,my glasses misted over.我一踏進(jìn)里面，眼鏡馬上蒙了一層霧。6.hold out1. 伸出；拿出：例句: They all held out their hands to welcome me.他們?nèi)忌斐鲭p手歡迎我。Martha held out a cheongsam for us to look.瑪莎拿出一件中國旗袍展示給我們看。2. 提出，提供；抱有(希望等)：例句: When talking about cooperation agreement, they held out several harsh terms.當(dāng)會(huì)談?wù)劦胶献鲄f(xié)議時(shí)，他們提出了一些苛刻的條件。He said he held out a good opinion of Mary as soon as he saw her.他說他一見到瑪麗就對(duì)她抱有好感。3. 堅(jiān)持，不退讓；不屈服：例句: They held out against enemy for six months.他們堅(jiān)持不屈抗擊敵人達(dá)六個(gè)月之久。4. 繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)：例句: This old machine will hold out for another 20 years.這臺(tái)老機(jī)器還會(huì)再運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)20年。5. 繼續(xù)生存，支撐；維持：例句: Its not easy for him to hold out to the end.他很難堅(jiān)持到底。Such a situation held out for another half a month.這種局面又維持了半個(gè)月。6. 拖延，抵制，拒不同意：例句: All items had been talked over, but he held out at last.所有的條款均已協(xié)商好，可最后他竟拒絕簽約。7. 聲稱：例句: He held himself out as my uncle.他自稱是我的叔叔。8. 美國口語扣留；隱瞞(常與 of 連用)：例句: Their salaries were held out for a long time.他們的工資被扣發(fā)了很長時(shí)間。He told her the course of the incident of which he held out some details.他把事情的經(jīng)過告訴了她，可向她隱瞞了其中的某些細(xì)節(jié)7.Value vt.1. 估價(jià),評(píng)價(jià)(+at)That watch was valued at $100.那只表估計(jì)值一百美元。I value this necklace at $5,000.我估計(jì)這條項(xiàng)鏈值五千美元。2. 尊重;重視,珍視My father values honesty beyond all things.我父親把誠實(shí)看得比什么都重要。8.drop by 隨便來，隨便來玩，隨便走訪，非正式訪問例句：Drop by whenever you have time.如果有空隨便來Drop by whenever you feel like it.隨時(shí)即興就來我這兒坐坐Ill drop by on my way home if I have time有空的話回家途中我會(huì)順便來看你I have to drop by the bank to get some money我得到銀行去取一下錢She and Mary are dropping by later.她和瑪麗一會(huì)兒要來坐坐drop by和 drop indrop by和 drop in都表示順便拜訪 區(qū)別在于drop in后面可以跟on、at加賓語，而drop by一般不這么使用。 另外，drop in含有臨時(shí)生出主意造訪的意思，造訪未經(jīng)事先安排，而drop by不強(qiáng)調(diào)這層含義 drop in at和drop in on都表示順便拜訪，是drop in的延伸，區(qū)別在于后面接的賓語，前者接表示處的名詞或代詞，后者接表示人的。例如Id drop in on you /at your house when in free.9. It is +adj+for sb to do sth與It is+adj+of sb to do sthIt is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth中的adj.跟sb.有關(guān),這個(gè)adj.是用來形容sb.的,表示某人這么做真是太adj.了你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在這個(gè)句型中你把sb.和adj.提出來可以造個(gè)句sb. is(are) adj.如Its very kind of you to help me.把里面的sb.和adj.提出來可以發(fā)現(xiàn)you are kind是說得通的.而It is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth表示做某事對(duì)某人來說很adj.這里的adj.是do sth.的屬性里面的sb.跟adj.沒有直接聯(lián)系如Its difficult for you to deal with the problem.你就不能說you are difficult了吧這就是怎么決定句子中的介詞用of還是用for的方法 若形容詞是描述不定式行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。 Its very kind of you to help me. 你能幫我，真好。 Its clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聰明，解出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。 若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對(duì)不定式行為者的品格進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，用for sb.，這類形容詞有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。 Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 對(duì)孩子們來說，穿過繁忙的街道很危險(xiǎn)。 Its difficult for us to finish the work. 對(duì)我們來說，完成這項(xiàng)工作很困難。 注 意 of sb. 的句型通常都可轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式作狀語的句子，但for sb. 句型不可以。 Its very nice of you to offer me a seat. = You are nice to offer me a seat. 十分感謝你給我讓座。 It is careless of him to lose so many things. = He is careless to lose so many things. 他丟了這么多東西，真是太粗心了。 Its very important for you to practise your oral English in daily life. 在日常生活中練習(xí)你的英語口語非常重要的。 這句話不能說成：It is very important of you to practise 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，大家會(huì)對(duì)句型It is+adj+of(for)+sb to do sth的掌握有些模糊，在運(yùn)用中，是用of . to do sth還是for . to do sth 呢？我們可以從以下六點(diǎn)來區(qū)別使用它們。一、of. to do sth只能用在句中作主語，且主語常用it代替；而for. to do sth除在句中作主語外，還可作表語、賓語、定語或狀語。例如：It is necessary for you to learn from others. 你必須向他人學(xué)習(xí)。(主語)My suggestion is for you to go to Beijing University. 我建議你去念北京大學(xué) 。(表語)I have a lot of work for you to do. 我有許多工作要你去做。(定語)二、for. to do sth在句中作主語時(shí)，其表語可以是形容詞也可以是名詞；而of. to do sth作主語時(shí)，只能接形容詞做表語。例如：It is impossible for you to get there in such a short time. 你在那么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)到達(dá)那是不可能的。It will be a mistake for you to miss the chance. 你錯(cuò)過那個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)將是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。It was too foolish of you to do so. 你那么做真是太愚蠢了。三、 of. to do sth在句中作主語時(shí)，句子只能是主語+be+表語；而for. to do sth在句中作主語時(shí)，句子既能是主語+be+表語，也可以是主語謂語賓語。例如：It is impolite of you to fool your teacher. 你欺騙老師是不禮貌的。It is possible for me to spend one hour finishing the job. 我花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)去完成那項(xiàng)工作是可能的。It will take one hour for me to finish the job. 完成那項(xiàng)工作將花費(fèi)我一個(gè)小時(shí)。四、 在for. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的邏輯主語可以是人或物，也可以是引導(dǎo)詞there；而of. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的邏輯主語只能是人或物。例如：It is important for you to study hard. 努力學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)你很重要。It is a good idea for the book to be given to her. 把這本書送給她是個(gè)好主意 。It is a pity for there to be any disagreement in the family. 家庭不和實(shí)為憾事。It is wrong of you to tell a lie. 你說謊是不對(duì)的。五、 在of. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，of后面的名詞或代詞與前面的形容詞(kind, clever, foolish, selfish, polite, right, wrong, careful.)有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系;而在for. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，for后面的名詞或代詞與前面的形容詞(easy, hard, difficult, possible, necessary, important, heavy.)沒有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。例如：It is kind of you to lend me so much money. 你心腸真好，借給我那么多錢 。It is hard for you to translate the sentence into English. 你把這個(gè)句子翻譯成英語是有困難的。但是，當(dāng)這個(gè)形容詞可用來說明of后面的名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)時(shí)，easy, hard, difficult等詞也可用于of. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中。The beautiful girl is easy to work with. 那個(gè)漂亮女孩很好共事。六、 有些形容詞(如nice ,right, wrong, good, wise 等)既可用于of. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用于for. to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中；但兩者之間的強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)不同，意義也有區(qū)別。例如：It is wise of them to turn down the suggestion. 他們很明智，拒絕了這個(gè)建議。It is wise for them to turn down the suggestion. 他們拒絕這個(gè)建議是明智的。前句強(qiáng)調(diào)them是wise的；后句強(qiáng)調(diào)to turn down the suggestion 是wise的10.stick的用法stick (sth) in/into/through sth插入活刺穿某物 Remembering this, he felt as if someone had stuck a sharp stick into his side. 記住這一點(diǎn)，他覺得如果有人堅(jiān)持急劇堅(jiān)持到他身邊。stick at sth堅(jiān)持做 stick by sb繼續(xù)支持某人 stick sth out使某物突出 11.point at，point to，point out point at，point to和point out的意思都與“指”有關(guān)，但還是有一定區(qū)別。 point at習(xí)慣上表示指向離說話人較近的事物，意為“指著”，at是介詞，著重于指的對(duì)象。 Dont point at the words while you are reading. 讀書時(shí)不要用手指著字。 The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said，“You must look carefully.” 老師指著黑板說:“你必須看仔細(xì)?！?point to多用來表示指向離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物，意為“指向”，to也是介詞，著重于指的方向。 He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said，“Thats my home.” 他指著河對(duì)岸的房子說:“那是我家。” As he started the operation，the hour hand of the clock pointed to 9. 他開始手術(shù)時(shí)，時(shí)針指著九點(diǎn)。 point out表示的是給某人指示方向，要點(diǎn)或錯(cuò)誤等，意為“指出”，out是副詞。 The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. 老師指出我作業(yè)里的許多錯(cuò)誤。 Will you please point out the man who saved the boys life? 請(qǐng)你指出那個(gè)救男孩性命的人好嗎?12.go out of ones way to do sth 特地（不怕麻煩地）做某事He always goes out of his way to help me when I am in trouble.13.How與What感嘆句的用法!感嘆句一般是用來表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語感嘆句常用what和how引導(dǎo)，what和how與所修飾的詞置于句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。 一、 由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：what意為多么用作定語，修飾名詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語+(it is). 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：how意為多么，用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用系動(dòng)詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用行為動(dòng)詞，這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語+(it is). 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的圖畫呀！ How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他們干得多么起勁呀！ 三、在表示同一意義時(shí)，英語感嘆既可用what引導(dǎo)，也可用how引導(dǎo)。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么熱的天氣呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的樓房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天氣呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的陽光呀！ 四、感嘆句在表示激動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，口語中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。 如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么誠實(shí)的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么紅的蘋果呀！ How cool! 好涼快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩極了！14.besides,except,but,except for,except that/when的區(qū)別： 1）besides表示“除了以外，還有”。例如：Besides Mr,Wang,we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）注意：besides 用于否定句中時(shí)，與except,but同義。例如：We have no other books besides(except)these. 2）except表示“只有除外”。例如：We all went to see the film except Mr.Wang.(王先生沒去） 3）but 意為“除了”，與except同義，except強(qiáng)調(diào)被排除的部分，but 則強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容，常修飾否定意義的代詞或疑問代詞。例如：Nobody knew it but me.Who would do such a thing but Jack? 4) except for:當(dāng)except用在句首時(shí)，往往后面要加上for。例如：Except for this,everything is in order.=Everything is in order except this. 還應(yīng)注意：except for 不在句首時(shí)， 有“除了因?yàn)椋╳ith the exception of）”的意思，即表示除去整體中的一部分，它所敘述的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)部分地修正句子的主要意思。例如：The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.The village is quiet except for some birds singing in the woods.Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides解答：D. 15.advice和suggest的區(qū)別advice 不可數(shù)名詞 suggestion 可數(shù)名詞 advise sb to do sth suggest sb(賓格) doing sth 或 suggest sb(主格) (should) do ,should 可以省略 例如: I suggested him going home. 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