譯林版高中英語(yǔ)必修四教案：Unit 3 Tomorrow’s World 語(yǔ)法部分輔導(dǎo).doc

u3 tomorrows world語(yǔ)法部分輔導(dǎo)passive voice英文動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) active voice 和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) passive voice 之分。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的承受者，動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 1. john encouraged mary.約翰鼓勵(lì)瑪莉。 2. mary was encouraged by john.瑪莉受到約翰鼓勵(lì)。 第一句的動(dòng)詞 encouraged 是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二句的動(dòng)詞 was encouraged是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形態(tài)是： 助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(-ed分詞)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常有六種時(shí)、體形式：即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行體、過(guò)去進(jìn)行體、現(xiàn)在完成體和過(guò)去完成體。1simple present tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i teach him.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he is taught by me.2 simple past tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i taught him yesterday.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he was taught by me yesterday.3present continuous tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i am teaching him.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he is being taught by me.4past continuous tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i was teaching him when you came. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he was being taught by me when you came.5 present perfect tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i have taught him. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he has been taught by me.6 past perfect tense主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i had taught him before you came.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he had been taught by me before you came.一般將來(lái)時(shí) simple future tense 也常常有這種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： i shall teach him tomorrow. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： he will be taught by me tomorrow.動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：1. 先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；2. 再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)；3. 把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)；4. 注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例：1.bruce writes a letter every week. a letter is written by bruce every week.2.li lei mended the broken bike this morning.the broken bike was mended by li lei this morning.3. he has written two novels so far.two novels have been written by him so far.4. they will plant ten trees tomorrow.ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. lucy is writing a letter now.a letter is being written by lucy now.6. you must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave.三、 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：1. 不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。what will happen in 100 years.the dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。this pen writes well.this new book sells well.3. 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethinga girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.my wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.the boss made the little boy do heavy work.the little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。he gave me a book.a book was given to me by him.he showed me a ticket.a ticket was shown to me by him.my father bought me a new bike. a new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。we cant laugh him. he cant be laugh by us.he listens to the radio every day. the radio is listened to by him every day.the nurse is taking care of the sick man. the sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.只要你掌握了以上一些方法，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般因由1. 不易說(shuō)出動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者例如：this building was completed in 1980.* 由誰(shuí)建成，不易說(shuō)出。2. 不便說(shuō)出動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者例如： the meeting has been postponed till friday.3. 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的承受者比發(fā)出者更需強(qiáng)調(diào)例如： a press conference was held last night.4. 為了修辭例如： the teacher loves the students and is loved by them. a book was given him by me.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：modal verbs and the passive voice情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞students will learn how to use modal verbs in the passive voice to express ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc. they are also expected to learn to use modal verbs in the passive voice in the present and the past tenses.young trees must be watered often.your mistakes should be corrected right now.the door may be locked inside.your homework can be handed in tomorrow. verbs often used in the passive voicehere students will learn some of the verbs that are often used in the passive voice. and they should know that these verbs function as adjectives. the teacher may begin this part by asking students to complete some sentences by choosing one of the two words given. the words in bold are the correct answers. for example,1. the children are getting about the coming holiday. (exciting; excited)2. dont you get of arguing about the same thing all the time? (tiring; tired)3. joan isnt very good at physics, so everyone was when she passed the exam. (surprising; surprised)4. all of us were very last saturday because our team lost the game.(disappointing; disappointed)5. it was snowing last night. so everything is with snow this morning.(covering; covered)6. my par