譯林版高中英語選修8學(xué)案：詞匯詳解 Unit1　.doc

互動課堂疏導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)一、詞匯詳解1.classic adj. 經(jīng)典的；古典的；一流的；典型的n. 經(jīng)典作品【典型例句】classic literature still has a place in the world today.古典文學(xué)在當(dāng)今世界仍占有一席之地。shakespeares plays were all classics.莎士比亞的劇本都是經(jīng)典之作?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)classical adj.傳統(tǒng)的；權(quán)威的；古典的he plays classical music as well as pop and jazz.他演奏古典音樂以及流行音樂和爵士樂。（2）classicalism n.古典主義；古典風(fēng)格classicist n. 古典主義者；古典學(xué)者活學(xué)巧用1.完成句子（1）這部小說可能會成為現(xiàn)代名著。this novel may become a _ _.答案：modern classic（2）這是一個缺乏交流的典型例子。this is a _ _ of poor communication.答案：classic example(3)幾個世紀(jì)前寫的經(jīng)典作品仍能在書店找到。some _written centuries ago can still be found in bookshops.答案：classics2.received adj.被承認(rèn)的；被認(rèn)可的；公認(rèn)的【典型例句】the presidents view has become the received view.總統(tǒng)的觀點已成為公認(rèn)的觀點。school should teach students the received pronunciation.學(xué)校應(yīng)該教學(xué)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音。【相關(guān)鏈接】be well received 受到好評；普遍認(rèn)可receive vt.收到；受到；接待；款待；接納；承認(rèn)on the receiving end 接受別人的禮物；成為攻擊的目標(biāo)活學(xué)巧用2.完成句子(1)這本書受到老師們的一致好評。the book _ _ _ by the teachers.答案：is well received(2)他不愿承認(rèn)她是他的兒媳。he would not _ her _his daughter-in-law.答案：receive,as3.adaptation n.改編；改寫；適應(yīng)【典型例句】this is a screen adaptation of shakespeares“macbeth”.這是莎士比亞悲劇麥克白的電影改寫本。desert species need the adaptation to the hot conditions.沙漠物種需要適應(yīng)炎熱的環(huán)境?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】adaptto 使適應(yīng)；使適合we had to adapt quickly to the new system.我們不得不迅速適應(yīng)新制度。adapt sth.for/from sth.改編；改寫three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的長篇小說中有三部已改編成電視劇?；顚W(xué)巧用3.1）完成句子（1）把劇本改編作廣播用很容易。the _ of the play for radio was easily done.答案：adaptation（2）當(dāng)我們移居法國后，孩子們對變化適應(yīng)很好。when we moved to france,the children _ _ the change very well.答案：adapted to2）單項填空it took him a while _himself _his new surroundings.a.to adapt;tob.to adopt;toc.adapting;tod.adopting;to提示：第一空為“it takes sb.some time to do sth.”故要用不定式。adopt意為“采納；收養(yǎng)”。答案：a4.work n.作品；著作；產(chǎn)品；工廠（常用復(fù)數(shù)）【典型例句】shakespeares works include plays and poems.莎士比亞的作品中有劇本也有詩。he is reading the works of karl marx.他正在讀卡爾馬克思的著作?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】works of art 藝術(shù)品in work/out of work 有職業(yè)/失業(yè)have ones work cut out 做吃力的事set to work 開始工作make short work of sth.迅速做某事set about ones work 著手工作活學(xué)巧用4.1）完成句子貝多芬的鋼琴曲在全世界都受到歡迎。beethovens _ _ are well received in the world.答案：piano works2）單項填空a chemical works _ accused _polluting the environment.a.was；ofb.are；ofc.is；tod.are；to提示：“一個化工廠”要用單數(shù)謂語，accuse sb.of sth.“因指控某人”。答案：a5.twist n. 轉(zhuǎn)彎；彎曲；轉(zhuǎn)折；扭曲vt. 使彎曲；使扭曲；曲解；歪曲vi. 轉(zhuǎn)向；轉(zhuǎn)身；轉(zhuǎn)動；旋轉(zhuǎn)【典型例句】he gave an unintended twist to my words.他無意中把我的話曲解了。he grabbed me and twisted my arm behind my back.他抓住我，把我的胳膊扭到背后。her face twisted in anger.她氣得臉都變形了?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】twists and turns 迂回曲折round the twist 發(fā)瘋；發(fā)狂twist sb.s arm 勸說；強(qiáng)迫；施加壓力twister n. 騙子；難事；困難活學(xué)巧用5.完成句子（1）由于命運巧妙的安排，大約只過了一周，我們又相逢了。by a curious _ _,we met again only a week or so later.答案：twist of fate（2）報紙被指控歪曲事實。the newspaper was accused of _ _ _.答案：twisting the facts（3）道路沿海濱蜿蜒曲折。the road along the coast is full of _ _ _.答案：twists and turns6.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；豐富的；充足的【典型例句】he is always generous with his money.他不吝嗇金錢。in recent years,workers have had a generous increase in salary.最近幾年，工人的工資有了大幅度提高。【相關(guān)鏈接】generosity n. 慷慨；大方；寬大generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地；豐富地be generous in giving help 樂于助人a generous harvest 大豐收活學(xué)巧用6.1）單項填空it was _of him to offer to pay for us both.a.greedyb.generousc.meand.unkind提示：greedy“貪婪的”；mean“吝嗇的”；unkind“不友好的”；generous“慷慨大方的”。答案：b2）完成句子這輛汽車的空間很大。the car has a _ amount of space.答案：generous7.fortune n. 機(jī)會；運氣；命運；前途；財富【典型例句】i had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.我有幸與一些杰出的主管人員共事。a car like that costs a small fortune.像這樣的轎車要花一大筆錢。the ring must be worth a fortune.那只戒指肯定要值很多錢?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】come into a fortune 繼承一大筆財產(chǎn)make a fortune 發(fā)財try ones fortune 碰運氣fame and fortune 名利tell ones fortune 算命fortunate adj. 幸運的；吉利的misfortune n. 不幸；災(zāi)禍fortunately adv. 幸運的是；幸運地unfortunately adv. 不幸的是fortuneteller n. 給人算命的人fortunetelling n.算命fortuneless adj. 不幸的；無財產(chǎn)的活學(xué)巧用7.1）單項填空（1）two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._,neither of them could swim.a.in factb.luckilyc.unfortunatelyd.natural提示：從下文的“neither of them could swim”得到暗示，應(yīng)填unfortunately“不幸地”。答案：c（2）after years of hard work,_ smiled on him finally.a.misfortuneb.fortunec.misfortunesd.fortunes提示：當(dāng)“運氣”講時，“fortune”為不可數(shù)名詞。fortune smiles on sb.為固定表達(dá)，表“某人交了好運”。答案：b2）完成句子他在房地產(chǎn)上發(fā)了財。he _ _ _ in real estate.答案：made a fortune8.constant adj. 固定的；不變的；不停的；持續(xù)不斷的n. （物理、數(shù)學(xué)）常數(shù)；恒量【典型例句】babies need constant attention.嬰兒一刻也離不開人。the old man drove the car at a constant speed,making us feel very comfortable.這位老人以固定的速度駕駛，這使得我們很舒服。i hate childrens constant interruptions.我討厭孩子們無休止的打擾?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】constantly adv. 不斷地；反復(fù)地；經(jīng)常地constancy n. 穩(wěn)定性；始終如一；忠誠；忠貞constitute v. 組成；構(gòu)成；成立；設(shè)立constitution n. 憲法；章程；構(gòu)成活學(xué)巧用8.單項填空（1）our country has drawn up a new _ which will come into effect next month,to protect some rivers from being polluted.a.orderb.actionc.constitutiond.constant提示：draw up意為“起草”；come into effect “指法律等生效”。所填詞與法律有關(guān)，而c項為“憲法”之意，故選c項。答案：c（2）he has been _ in his devotion to scientific studies.a.constantb.constantlyc.contentd.constantly提示：be constant in意為“在方面忠貞的；不變的”。答案：a9.reminder n. 提醒（指人或物）；提示；催單【典型例句】the sheer size of the cathedral is a constant reminder to the tourist of the power of religion.僅僅是大教堂的規(guī)模就足以使游人時刻領(lǐng)略到宗教的尊嚴(yán)。the incident served as a timely reminder of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.這次事故及時提醒人們登山運動會有多么危險。the photo is a reminder of the happy time we spent together.這張照片使我想起了我們一起度過的快樂時光?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】（2）辨析remind,remember和recallremind指提醒；使想起remember指記得；想得recall側(cè)重于“使人回憶起；收回”9.單項填空（1）please _me to take my raincoat in case it rains.a.rememberb.remindc.recalld.warn提示：此處指“提醒我?guī)в暌隆?。remember“記得”；recall“回憶”；warn“警告”。答案：b（2）i remembered _to beijing when i was a child.a.takingb.to be takenc.being takend.taken提示：remember,forget和regret其后接doing意為某事已發(fā)生過，而接to do則為事情還未發(fā)生。題中“i”與“take”應(yīng)為被動關(guān)系。答案：c（3）she _me that i hadnt watered the flowers.a.remindedb.warnedc.remindsd.suggested提示：remind為“提醒”，c項時態(tài)有誤。答案：a10.prejudice n. 偏見；成見vt. 使懷有偏見；有損于【典型例句】their decision was based on ignorance and prejudice.他們的決定建立在無知和偏見的基礎(chǔ)上。i must admit to a prejudice in favour of british universities.我得承認(rèn)我對英國大學(xué)有所偏愛。any delay will prejudice the childs welfare.任何延誤都會損及這個孩子的身心健康?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】prejudiced adj. 有偏見的；帶成見的；偏心的be prejudiced against 對有偏見prejudicial adj. 有害的（常與to連用）they are prejudiced against older applicants.他們對年長一些的申請人抱有成見?；顚W(xué)巧用10.完成句子（1）法官不該存有偏見。a judge must be _ _ _.答案：free from prejudice（2）很少有人會承認(rèn)自己有種族偏見。few people will admit to _ _ _.答案：being racially prejudiced（3）他美妙的聲音使我對他情有獨鐘。his pleasant voice _ me in his favour.答案：prejudices（4）他對借錢有成見，因為他怕別人不還。he has a _ _ lending money,because hes afraid he may not be repaid.答案：prejudice panion n. 旅伴；伴侶；陪伴；伙伴，同伴；參考書；指南【典型例句】tom was my companion on the journey.湯姆是我的旅伴。fear was the hostages constant companion.人質(zhì)一直都感到恐懼不安。we became companions in misfortune.我們成了患難之交?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】companionable adj. 朋友般的；友好的companionship n. 友誼；友情ucompany n. u 陪伴；作伴；客人c公司；一群人keep pany 陪伴；作伴in company with sb.與某人一起be good(bad) company 是有趣（乏味）的伙伴part company with sb.半途分手；同有分歧活學(xué)巧用11.1）完成句子（1）與她同桌進(jìn)餐使人感到十分高興。she was a charming _ _.答案：dinner companion（2）他的弟弟和他情趣不太相投。his younger brother is not much of a _for him.答案：companion2）單項填空ill keep _ company while you are waiting.a.yourb.youc.yoursd.the提示：keep pany中sb.為賓語，故選賓格形式。答案：b12.bent adj. 決意的；想要的；彎曲的；駝背的【典型例句】she is bent on becoming a musician.她決心要成為音樂家。grandfather is bent with age.祖父因年老而彎腰駝背。do this exercise with your knees bent.雙膝彎曲做這個動作。【知識小結(jié)】be bent on sth./doing sth.專心于；決心要【相關(guān)鏈接】bend v. 彎曲；彎腰；屈膝n. 轉(zhuǎn)彎；彎bend over 將身子傾向于bend down 彎腰；屈膝bend sb.to sth.使屈服于；使順從于bend oneself/sb.to sth.專注于bend the truth 歪曲事實；扭曲真理round the bend 瘋狂make a bend 轉(zhuǎn)彎take a bend 拐彎活學(xué)巧用12.1）完成句子（1）她似乎專門和我過不去。she _ _ _ making life difficult for me.答案：seems bent on（2）他想辦法使女兒順從他的愿望。he tried to_his daughter _ _ _.答案：bend,to his will2）單項填空（1）the lion _the baby,smelt it and went away.a.bent downb.bent offc.bent ond.bent over提示：此句意為“獅子將身子附在嬰兒身上嗅了嗅，走開了”。故選擇d項。答案：d（2）the old man _scientific research and has little time to stay with his family.a.is bent onb.is bended onc.is bent ford.is bent in提示：be bent on“專心致志于”。答案：a13.settle vt. 使定居；安頓；安放；解決（問題）；使平靜下來；結(jié)算；結(jié)賬【典型例句】the region was settled by the dutch in the nineteenth century.荷蘭人于19世紀(jì)來到這一地區(qū)定居。its time you settled your differences with your father.現(xiàn)在你該解決同你父親之間的分歧了。he found it hard to settle down to his work.他覺得定不下心來工作。she settled the blanket around her knees.她用毯子裹住膝蓋?！局R小結(jié)】settle down to sth.開始認(rèn)真做某事；定下心來做【相關(guān)鏈接】settle down 定居下來；舒適地坐下（或躺下）settle a score/an account with sb.和某人算賬（清算舊賬）settler n.移居者；拓荒者；殖民者；問題解決者settlement n.安身地；居住區(qū)settled adj.穩(wěn)固的；不變的unsettled adj.未解決的；未定的；不穩(wěn)定的活學(xué)巧用13.1）完成句子（1）他們結(jié)婚后在倫敦定居下來。they got married and _ _ _.答案：settled in london（2）老師盡力使學(xué)生們安靜下來。the teacher tried to _ _ _ _.答案：settle the students down（3）穩(wěn)定的天氣使莊稼生長良好。_ _ _makes the crops grow well.答案：the settled weather2）單項填空its terrible,i cant settle down to _today.a.doing anythingb.to do anythingc.did anythingd.have done anything提示：settle down to中的“to”為介詞，其后接名詞或v.-ing形式。答案：a14.acquaintance n. 相識；熟人；認(rèn)識；了解【典型例句】tom has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.湯姆交友很廣。he hoped their acquaintance would develop further.他希望他們的交情會進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。i had little acquaintance with modern poetry.我對現(xiàn)代詩所知甚少?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】make the acquaintance of sb./make sb.s acquaintance與某人初次相見；結(jié)識某人of ones acquaintance 所認(rèn)識的；所了解的acquaintanceship n.泛泛之交；認(rèn)識；了解acquaint vt.使熟悉；使了解acquainted adj.熟悉的；了解的活學(xué)巧用14.1）完成句子（1）他只是業(yè)務(wù)上認(rèn)識的人。hes just _ _ _.答案：a business acquaintance（2）我所認(rèn)識的人當(dāng)中，沒有一個人像他一樣如此富有或者成功。no one else _ _ _ was as rich or successful as him.答案：of my acquaintance2）單項選擇i made _ acquaintance of several musicians around that time.a.theb.ac.and./提示：make the acquaintance of sb.為固定短語。答案：a15.abuse vt.虐待；辱罵；濫用n.濫用；妄用；虐待；辱罵【典型例句】all the children had been physically and emotionally abused.所有這些兒童的身心都受到了摧殘。journalists covering the case have been treated and abused.報道此案的新聞記者遭到了恐嚇和謾罵。he abused his body with heroin.他因吸服海洛因把身體搞垮了。the system of paying cash bonuses is open to abuse.支付現(xiàn)金紅利制度可能被人鉆空子。when i gave her some advice on her work,she gave me a stream of abuse.當(dāng)我就她的工作給予建議時，她劈頭蓋臉罵了我一通?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】a drug abuser 嗜毒者a child abuser 虐待兒童者abusive adj.惡語的；毀謗的；虐待的abusively adv.毀謗地；虐待地活學(xué)巧用15.1）完成句子（1）她濫用自己的職權(quán)將工作安排給朋友們。she _ _ _ by giving jobs to his friends.答案：abused her position（2）他因被控貪污腐化和濫用職權(quán)而遭逮捕。he was arrested on charges of corruption and _ _ _.答案：abuse of power（3）她遭受了多年的身體摧殘。she suffered _ _ _ _.答案：years of physical abuse2）單項填空he became _ when he was drunk.a.abuseb.abusivec.abusivelyd.abuser提示：became在此為系動詞“變得”，后跟形容詞作表語。答案：b16.pity v.同情；憐憫；可憐【典型例句】he pitied people who were stuck in dead-end jobs.他很同情那些工作上毫無進(jìn)展的人。compulsive gamblers are more to be pitied than condemned.對嗜賭成癮者要多些同情，少些譴責(zé)。i pitied her having to work such long hours.她不得不加班加點工作，真讓我同情。【相關(guān)鏈接】pity n.同情；憐憫；可憐take pity on sb.=pity sb.同情某人its a pitythatto do sth.遺憾；可惜what a pity!真遺憾！pitiful adj. 令人同情的；可憐的；卑微的pitiless adj.冷酷的；無情的活學(xué)巧用16.1）單項填空（1）i pitied her _ school so early.a.leavingb.to leavec.leftd.having left提示：pity后常跟v.-ing作賓語，又因“離校”在前，所以用了動名詞的完成形式。答案：d（2）ive lost my favourite book._!a.what a pityb.what a shamec.how a pityd.a and b提示：因說話者丟了喜愛的書，所以認(rèn)為是一個遺憾。shame,pity都可作“遺憾”講。答案：d2）完成句子我同情她就把錢借給了她。i _ _ _ her and lent her the money.答案：took pity on17.reform vt. 改革；改良；改正；改造；悔改n.改革；改良【典型例句】they put forward some proposals to reform the social security system.他們提出了一些改革社會保險體制的建議。she thought she could reform him.她覺得她可以使他洗心革面。this is a far-reaching reform.這是一場意義深遠(yuǎn)的變革?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】reformation u改革；變革；宗教改革reformer n.改良者；改造者reformist adj.改良主義的；改革派的reformatory n.青少年教學(xué)院活學(xué)巧用17.1）單項填空the law needs _.a.reformedb.to be reformedc.being reformedd.to reform提示：need如果是表示主語“需要被”，往往用v.-ing的主動形式和to be done作賓語。答案：b2）完成句子（1）他許諾要改過自新。he promised _ _.答案：to reform（2）我們的政府是致力于改革的政府。our government is one _ _ _.答案：committed to reform18.pressure n.壓力；大氣壓；強(qiáng)迫；要求；緊張【典型例句】the nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.護(hù)士壓住他的胳膊止血。a band of high pressure is moving across the country.一股高氣壓正橫越這個國家。theres a great deal of pressure on young people to conform.年輕人被大力要求守規(guī)矩。how can anyone enjoy the pressure of city life?怎會有人喜歡都市的壓力呢？【相關(guān)鏈接】put pressure on sb.強(qiáng)迫；迫使；給某人施加壓力under pressure 在壓力下press v.擠??；壓?。徽コ觯ü龋?；熨平；緊抱；擠開人群前進(jìn)the press 報紙；雜志；出版界；新聞界press sb.to do sth.強(qiáng)迫某人干某事press ones way to擠著向走press sth.home 堅持不懈；爭辯到底press sth.on sb.強(qiáng)迫某人接受活學(xué)巧用18.1）完成句子擁擠的人群把路障弄倒了。the barriers gave way _ _ _ _ the crowd.答案：under the pressure of2）單項填空（1）john will take part in an important party,so he let his wife _his suit.a.pressingb.pressc.press ond.to press提示：此處指“約翰讓他的妻子給他熨西服”。press作“熨衣服”為及物動詞，let后接動詞原形，故選擇b項。答案：b（2）no politicians can ignore the power of _.a.pressb.a pressc.pressesd.the press提示：the press此處指“新聞界”，句意為：“沒有一個政治家能夠忽視新聞界的力量。”答案：d19.resist v.抵抗；反抗；抵制；忍?。坏謸酢镜湫屠洹縯hey are determined to resist pressure to change the law.他們決心頂住要求改革法律的壓力。he tried to pin me down,but i resisted.他試圖制伏我，但我奮力反抗。i found the temptation to skip classes too hard to resist.我抵擋不住逃課的誘惑。a healthy diet can help your body resist infection.健康飲食有助于身體抗感染?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】resistance n.反對；反抗；抵抗力；阻力；電阻resistant adj.有抵抗力的；阻止的；抗的resister n.抵制者；抗拒者；反抗者resistable adj.可抵制的；可抗拒的resistor n.電阻器活學(xué)巧用19.1）單項填空（1）he couldnt resist _his new car.a.showing offb.to show offc.to be shown offd.shown off提示：resist作“忍住”講時,后常跟v.-ing 作賓語。答案：a（2）she was charged _arrest.a.with resistb.with resistingc.of resistd.of resisting提示：be charged with“因而被控告”，with是介詞。答案：b2）完成句子銀行強(qiáng)烈反對降低利率。the bank strongly _ _ _.答案：resisted cutting interest活學(xué)巧用20.mistaken adj.犯錯的；錯誤的；判斷錯誤的【典型例句】youre completely mistaken about jane.你對簡的看法完全錯了。i thought i saw someone i knew,but i must have been mistaken.我以為看到了一個熟人，但我肯定是搞錯了?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】(1)mistake n.錯誤；口誤；筆誤make a mistake 犯錯誤and no mistake 的確；無疑地by mistake 無意地in mistake for sth.誤以為是；錯看成make no mistake 別弄錯(2)mistake v.誤會；誤解；看錯mistake sb./sth.for sb./sth.把錯當(dāng)成(3)mistaken identity 認(rèn)錯人活學(xué)巧用20.單項填空（1）i took your bag instead of mine _.which is wrong?a.by mistakeb.by accidentc.by chanced.for mistake提示：“無意的；偶然的”可用a、b、c三種來表達(dá)。答案：d（2）i think you must be _me _someone else.a.mistake；forb.mistaking；forc.mistook；ford.mistaking；by提示：must be doing sth.“肯定正在干某事”，mistakefor“把誤當(dāng)作”。答案：b21.entertaining adj.令人愉快的；有趣的【典型例句】i found the talk both informative and entertaining.我認(rèn)為這種談話既有知識性也有趣味性。she was always so funny and entertaining.她總是那么風(fēng)趣，令人愉快?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】entertain v.招待款待；使快樂；懷有（想法感覺）entertainer n.演員；表演者；藝人entertainingly adv.令人愉快地；有趣地entertainment n.娛樂活動；表演節(jié)目；招待；款待活學(xué)巧用21.用entertain,entertaining,entertainment,entertainer填空（1）he made an _speech last night.答案：entertaining（2）he _us for hours with his stories and jokes.答案：entertained（3）we saw a street _playing organ.答案：entertainer（4）local _are listed in the newspaper.答案：entertainment活學(xué)巧用22.transform vt.&vi.（使）變形；（使）改變；（使）改觀【典型例句】the photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.光化學(xué)反應(yīng)使光變?yōu)殡娒}沖。a new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.新的色彩調(diào)配將使你的臥室煥然一新。he was transformed and became famous nationwide over-night after his first poetry was published.他的第一本詩集出版后，他有了改變并且一夜全國聞名了?！鞠嚓P(guān)鏈接】transformation n.變化；轉(zhuǎn)變；改革transformer n.變壓器transfusion n.輸入；注入transfuse v.輸血活學(xué)巧用22.完成句子（1）那是能徹底改變我一生的一件事。it was an event that would _ _ _.答案：transform my life(2)這家公司已由一個家庭企業(yè)變成擁有數(shù)百萬英鎊的運作機(jī)構(gòu)。the company _ _ _from a family business to a multi-million-pound operatio