譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選修8學(xué)案：例句精講 Unit3　.doc

例句精講1. i was amazed to learn that picasso produced more than 20 000 pieces of art and that he wasnt just a painter. he drew pictures for books, and was also a sculptor and a photographer.我驚訝地得知，畢加索一生創(chuàng)作了兩萬(wàn)多件藝術(shù)作品，而且他不僅僅是一名油畫(huà)家，他還為圖書(shū)畫(huà)插圖，還是一名雕刻家和攝影家。【巧解句構(gòu)】that picasso produced more than 20 000 pieces of art和that he wasnt just a painter，均為賓語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that不省略?！疽c(diǎn)剖析】當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不省略，特別是第二、第三個(gè)that部分。【拓展延伸】在以下情況下，賓語(yǔ)從句中的that一般都不省略：1）that從句作learn, request, suggest, insist, explain, agree, prove, feel, mean等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不省略。如：this experiment proved that galiheos theory of falling objects is true.這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明伽利略的落體理論是對(duì)的。 2）當(dāng)句子的狀語(yǔ)部分位于從句的前部時(shí)，that不可省。如：i discovered to my surprise that about half the things were true.我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)事情大半是真的。3）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不能省略。如：just then i noticed, for the first time, that our teacher was wearing his black silk cap.這時(shí)，我才第一次注意到我們的老師戴著黑色絲帽。4）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是this, that或this, that修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。如：he said that that was an excellent idea.他說(shuō)那是個(gè)極好的主意。5）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。如：mr smith told the workers that john had worked very hard and that he wanted him to stay.史密斯先生告訴工人們說(shuō)約翰工作很努力，他想要他留下來(lái)。6）當(dāng)that賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that不可省。如：finally they said rubbing the little girls leg might help.后來(lái)他們說(shuō)按摩小女孩的腿也許有用。7）當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)是固定詞組時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的that不能省略。如：once aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students.亞里士多德一旦認(rèn)定重的物體比輕的物體下落得快，就把它作為真理教給他的學(xué)生。8）當(dāng)that賓語(yǔ)從句前有it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。如：we consider it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.我們認(rèn)為大學(xué)生至少掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很重要的。2. this painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate what its price would be if the museum wanted to sell it.這幅畫(huà)如此珍貴，如果博物館想賣了它，都很難為它估價(jià)?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】本句運(yùn)用了so+adj./adv.+that-clause結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“如此以至于”；本句還運(yùn)用了if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，表示與現(xiàn)在的客觀事物相反的情況?！就卣寡由臁?）so that, so.that.,such.that.等結(jié)構(gòu)都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：there were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.房間里這么多人以至我們進(jìn)不去。he bought so cheap a recorder that he saved some money.他買了一臺(tái)如此便宜的錄音機(jī)，以致節(jié)省了一些錢。2）所表示的條件根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或者實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的時(shí)候，稱之為非真實(shí)條件句，其主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其基本形式按時(shí)態(tài)分類如下：時(shí)態(tài)if從句主句例句現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)1）過(guò)去時(shí)（were）2)過(guò)去時(shí)助動(dòng)詞+v.原形should+v.原形would+v.原形could+v.原形might+v.原形if i worked harder, i would succeed.如果我努力去做，我就會(huì)成功的。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有努力）過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)had+過(guò)去分詞should+have+v.過(guò)去分詞would+have+過(guò)去分詞could+have+過(guò)去分詞might+have+過(guò)去分詞you wouldnt have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.如果你多穿點(diǎn)衣服的話，你就不會(huì)感冒了。將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)were to+v.原形should+v.原形should+v.原形would+v.原形could+v.原形might+v.原形should anyone call(if anyone should call)please take a message.要是有人打電話的話，請(qǐng)留個(gè)信兒?！颈嫖霰容^】1)so that既可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)從句中含有may, might, can, could, will, would, be able to等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般為目的狀語(yǔ)從句;如：the engineer didnt plan his time well so that he didnt finish the work in time.這位工程師沒(méi)有計(jì)劃好時(shí)間，結(jié)果沒(méi)能及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）the engineer tried to plan his time well so that he could finish the work in time.這位工程師精心計(jì)劃時(shí)間以便能按時(shí)完成工作。（目的狀語(yǔ)從句）2)so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中that既可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句也可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：this is so valuable a book that they all cherish it.這是如此有價(jià)值的一本書(shū)，他們都很珍視。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)this is so valuable a book that they all cherish it.這是他們珍愛(ài)的很有價(jià)值的書(shū)。（定語(yǔ)從句）3)判定的辦法是看that在從句中是否充當(dāng)成分，如果作代詞充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)為定語(yǔ)從句；如果是連詞，不充當(dāng)句子成分則為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。3. hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we forgot our map in the room.第二天早晨我們剛離開(kāi)宿舍，就想起把地圖忘在房間里了?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】1)這是一個(gè)倒裝句。正常語(yǔ)序是we had hardly left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we forgot our map in the room.2)句中hardly.when.意思是“一就”，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。又如：hardly had i got home when it began to rain.我剛到家就開(kāi)始下雨了?！就卣寡由臁?)在以never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, barely, nowhere, by no means, not until, hardly(scarcely).when, no sooner.than等否定或半否定意義的詞位于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子時(shí)，句子一般采取倒裝形式。如：little do i dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.我夢(mèng)想不到會(huì)看到這樣神奇的景色。hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain.他一進(jìn)屋，天就下雨了。no sooner had he finished his homework than the light went out.他一做完作業(yè)，燈就熄滅了。2)注意當(dāng)這些詞不提到句首或作形容詞修飾主語(yǔ)名詞而置于句首時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。如：he had hardly finished his homework when the light went out.他一做完作業(yè)，燈就熄滅了。4. it was while at the new york school of art that he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.正是在紐約藝術(shù)學(xué)院這段時(shí)間，他在其繪畫(huà)作品中嘗試采用不同的材料，如布和塑料?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】it is/was.that.是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的句子成分通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí)用who或that均可；指事物或情況時(shí)，通常用that?！疽c(diǎn)剖析】1)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞的格應(yīng)與原句的格一致：如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞是原句的主語(yǔ)，就用i, we, he等；是賓語(yǔ)就用me, us, him等。2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分如果是原句的主語(yǔ)，that/who后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)和原句的主語(yǔ)一致。如：it is i who am leaving for london next week.下周去倫敦的是我。3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用when或where，而用that。如：it was in qingdao that we met for the first time.我們首次相見(jiàn)是在青島?！居洃浺E】 注意區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他從句。如果把it is.that.去掉，句子還成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。【辨析比較】 such as與for examplesuch as用來(lái)列舉事物，常用在列舉的事物和前面的句詞之間，但是所列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于之前所提事物的總數(shù)，否則應(yīng)用that is 或namely;for example主要用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明，一般只列舉同類人或事物中的“一個(gè)”，其位置比較靈活，可置于句首、句中或句末，用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)隔開(kāi)，而s