學(xué)人教版選修七Unit2 Robots Period4Grammar課件（33張）.ppt

不定式由 to do 動(dòng)詞原形 構(gòu)成 其否定形式是 nottodo 不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ) 在句子中作 或 不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化 但有 和 的變化 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化 時(shí)態(tài)共四種 即一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式 語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如下表所示 todo tohavedone tobedoing tohavebeendoing tobedone tohavebeendone 1 it sanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony 2 shedidn tliketobetreatedasachild 3 hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity 4 therearealotofthingstobediscussed 5 shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight 作主語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ) 作表語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ) 不定式的被動(dòng)式在句中作什么成分 itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized 他受到批評(píng)是件好事 shepreferredtohavebeengivenmoreimportantworktodo 她寧愿分給她的是更重要的工作 shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost 她是第一位當(dāng)選這個(gè)位置的婦女 heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit 這事多半還沒(méi)有通知他 translation westillhavemanydifficultiestoovercome givehimsomebookstoread helentmeapieceofpapertowriteon ihaveameetingtoattendtoday attention 在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)含義 用的卻是主動(dòng)形式 1 如果不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在句中 且為主動(dòng)關(guān)系 則用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) i llgotothepostoffice doyouhavealetter post tobeposted 2 如果不定式動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系 或是沒(méi)有名詞或代詞可作不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí) 則需要用不定式的被動(dòng)式 theproblemiseasytoworkout thebookishardtounderstand therearestillmanythingstotakecareof tobetakencareof thehouseistolet whoistoblameforit thereasonisnotfartoseek 3 在 s be adj to 結(jié)構(gòu)中 用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 4 在therebe句型中 可以是主動(dòng)式也可以是被動(dòng)式 5 一些做表語(yǔ)的不定式常用主動(dòng)形式 如let hire blame seek等 theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout thehouseisbigenoughtolivein 6 在 too to enough to 結(jié)構(gòu)中 1 thedishesneed tobewashed wash practice 2 themailisintended send tobesent 4 thehouseis sell tobesold 3 thewallisexpected tobepainted paint 1 shehates laughat byherclassmates 2 timrefused accompany byhisfathertoschool 3 shestruggled understand bythefrenchvisitors tobeaccompanied tobeunderstood tobelaughedat 4 thesearetheissues discuss tomorrow 5 thenewdrugis test outon500patientsnextyear 6 shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn tlike envy byallthegirlsshemet tobetested tobeenvied tobediscussed 我們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)的時(shí)候 或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí) printingwasintroducedtoeuropefromchina look thereisnothinghere everythinghasbeentakenaway 1 myhamburgerwaseatenbythedog 2 thetoyismadebyhand 3 hewillbesenttoafricanextweek 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) englishisspokenbymanypeople iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday thebooksarewrittenbyluxun am is are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí) thesecomputersweremadeinourowncountry 一般將來(lái)時(shí) shallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony was were done will shallbe done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier smotherassoonasitarrived wouldbe given 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) thefeastwasbeingpreparedwhenthebirdsarrivedinthesky 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) greatprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop am is arebeing done was werebeing done have hasbeen done 過(guò)去完成時(shí) thehugebridgehadbeendamagedbeforetheworldwar 將來(lái)完成時(shí) thebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofnextmonth hadbeen done will shallhavebeen done 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be done thisproblemcanbesolved what sdonecannotbeundone 1 某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義 cook smell taste wash write shut prove sell read write1 thedishtastesdelicious 2 thetheoryprovedrightatlast thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell sells此處為不及物動(dòng)詞 銷售起來(lái) 有銷路 的意思 作及物動(dòng)詞為 賣(mài) 出售 thiskindofclothwasheswell 耐洗 need v ing表示 主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作 表示被動(dòng)意義 我的車(chē)需要修理 mycarneedsrepairing toberepaired beg equal fail hold possess fit become contain cost fit have lack suit等 thisnewenglish chinesedictionarycostmetendollars 3 某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式 這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有 如 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了 thewarbrokeout thewarwasbrokeout 4 通常只有及物動(dòng)詞 組 才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有 be 過(guò)去分詞 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作 而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài) 試比較下面的句子 theenemywassoonsurroundedbyus thehouseissurroundedbytrees shewasbittenbythedoginthedarkness iwasexcitedbythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted 1 myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme mybikewill bymyfatherforme 2 ihavefoundmywallet mywallethas 3 shetoldmetowaithereforher i towaithereforher berepaired beenfound wastold practice 4 thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer themurdererwillsur