高考英語譯林版必修三學案探究：Unit 1 Period Two Word版含答案.doc

period twoword power & grammar and usage.重點單詞1reduce vt.& vi.減少2volunteer n志愿者；vi.& vt.自愿做，義務做3sniff vi.& vt.(吸著氣)嗅，聞4analyse vt.分析5recognize vt.認識，辨認出；意識到；(正式)承認recognition n認出；認識6puzzle n謎，疑問；vt.迷惑，使困惑puzzled adj.感到迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的7ignore vt.忽視；對不予理會8sweat vi.流汗；n.汗水sweater n運動衫；毛線衫.重點短語1in some cases在某些情況下，有時候2go hungry挨餓3be related to/be linked to與有關4be curious about對好奇的5make the most of充分利用6rather than而不是7make ones way back to sp.回某地8struggle through the snow冒雪行進9get close to接近，靠近10all of a sudden突然.重點句式1it is believed that.人們認為since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.因為人們認為強烈的氣味會影響感覺，所以志愿者們被要求在實驗開始前八個小時內(nèi)不吃不喝。2that指代“同類的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”one explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.種解釋是女性的嗅覺比男性的發(fā)達，而且這和識別嬰兒的體味有關系。重點詞匯1in some cases，different parts of speech (usually a noun and a verb) have the same spelling but different meanings.在某些情況下，不同的詞性(通常是名詞和動詞)有相同的拼寫但不同的含義。in some cases在某些情況下，有時候in any case無論如何，總之in case在情況下，萬一；免得，以防(萬一)in case of在的情況下，萬一in this/that case假使這樣/那樣的話in no case決不(置于句首，引起部分倒裝)as is often the case (with.) 通常就是這樣；是常有的事(1)larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.拉里告訴她他已經(jīng)把火撲滅，她應該待著不動以防傷著脖子。(2)please inform me in advance in case of any change.萬一有什么變化，請?zhí)崆巴ㄖ摇?3)as is often the case with him，he was fined for speeding.他因超速而被罰款，這對他而言是常有的事。單項填空(4)people from the west like to use “please” and “thank you” in cases some people in asia may not think necessary.(2018泰州姜堰高一期中)athat；it bwhen；thatcwhere；it dwhat；/答案c解析分析句子，cases后是一個定語從句，空處在從句中作地點狀語，用關系副詞where引導；第二空是think形式賓語itadj.，it不能省略。2poor people often have to go hungry because they cannot afford the increase.窮人經(jīng)常得挨餓，因為他們負擔不起這種增長。go hungry表示“挨餓”。go作連系動詞，意為“變得”，后面多跟形容詞作表語，指由好到壞的變化。其常用搭配有：go wrong/bad/mad/blind/deaf出毛病了/變壞/發(fā)瘋/變瞎/變聾。(1)food goes bad easily in summer.夏天食物容易變質(zhì)。(2)his face went red with anger.他氣得滿臉通紅。(3)the washing machine went wrong last night.昨晚洗衣機出毛病了。單項填空(4)tonny，its too hot.put the fish in the fridge or it will bad.ok，mum.(2018泰州姜堰高一期中)ago bchangecbecome dkeep答案a解析句意為：托尼，天太熱了。把魚放到冰箱否則魚就要變質(zhì)了。好的，媽媽。 go bad變質(zhì)。故選a項。3the possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.好聞的氣味會減弱疼痛的可能性在近期的新研究中得到了證實。reduce vt.& vi.減少，縮小(尺寸、數(shù)量、價格等)reduce.to.把減少到reduce.by.減少，縮小(程度) be reduced to.淪落為；迫使(1)one of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.減少壓力最有效的方法之一是與你信任的人談談你的感受。(2)she reduced her weight by 6 kilos to 40 kilos.她把體重減到了40公斤，減輕了6公斤。(3)for some time he was reduced to begging.有一段時間他淪落到了乞討的地步。單項填空(4)the cars give off a great deal of waste gas into the streets.yes.but im sure something must be done to air pollution.areduce bremoveccollect dincrease答案a解析句意為：汽車將大量廢氣排到街道上。是啊。但是我相信，必定要采取某些措施來減少空氣污染。reduce減少，降低；remove搬動，移除；collect收集，搜集；increase增加，提高。結合句意可知a項正確。(5)the population of this city，forty percent of which ， 15% in the last three years.aare germans；has risen bybare germen；has fallen bycis german；have increased todis germans；has been reduced by答案a解析population常與定冠詞the連用，作主語時，謂語動詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；當主語是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。german的復數(shù)形式為germans。reduce，rise等詞后跟by表示變化幅度，后跟to表示達到的程度。故選a項。4.，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.，志愿者們被要求在試驗開始前八個小時內(nèi)不吃不喝。(1)volunteer n志愿者；vt.& vi.自愿做，義務做volunteer sth.自愿提供，自愿給予volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事volunteer for自愿參加volunteer as/to be自愿成為(2)voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主動的(1)she volunteered some information.她主動提供了一些信息。(2)when she retired，she did a lot of voluntary work for the red cross.她退休后為紅十字會做了大量的志愿工作。(3)two men volunteered to search for the missing climber.兩個人自告奮勇地去尋找那位失蹤的登山者。單項填空(4)last week，my kids along with other kids from the neighbourhood to help me wash my car.acommanded bcontributedcpreferred dvolunteered答案d解析句意為：上周，我的孩子們和鄰居家的孩子們自愿幫我洗車。command要求；contribute貢獻；prefer更喜歡；volunteer自愿。根據(jù)句意，故選d項。5one explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.一種解釋是女性的嗅覺比男性的發(fā)達，而且這和識別嬰兒的體味有關系。(1)recognize vt.認識；辨認出；意識到；(正式)承認recognize.as/to be.承認/公認是 recognize that.認識到/承認 it is (generally) recognized that.人們公認 (2)recognition n認出；認識beyond recognition認不出來(1)i felt it honored that he still recognized me after all these years.過了這么多年他還認得我，使我覺得榮幸。(2)we recognized that kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale.我們認識到庫爾特不僅僅是在做銷售。(2016江蘇)(3)it is recognized that jane is the most intelligent girl among us.jane is recognized as/to be the most intelligent girl among us.簡是我們當中公認的最聰明的女孩。單項填空(4)oh，its you.i you.why are you looking so thin and pale?i have been ill for weeks and still under treatment.acant recognize bdidnt recognizechavent recognized dwasnt recognizing答案b解析句意為：是你呀，我都沒認出來你，你怎么看起來這么瘦，臉色這么蒼白？我病了好幾周，現(xiàn)在還在治療中。從its you這句中的謂語動詞is，可知：我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)認出你來了，但剛才卻幾乎沒有認出你來，故用過去時。recognize，realize，know，understand等表示心理的動詞一般不用進行時態(tài)。故選b。(5)when he returned to his hometown after the war，he found it had changed beyond all .arecognition brecreationcdecoration dconstruction答案a解析句意為：戰(zhàn)爭之后當他回到家鄉(xiāng)的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)家鄉(xiāng)變得讓他認不出來了。beyond recognition認不出來。故選a。6however，why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.然而，為什么悅人的氣味不能減少男人的疼痛對科學家們來說還是個謎。(1)puzzle n難題，難解之事；vt.迷惑，使困惑be in a puzzle感到困惑puzzle out仔細思考，設法想出答案puzzle about/over sth.對某事苦苦思索(2)puzzled adj.感到困惑的(3)puzzling adj.令人感到困惑的(1)her decision was a puzzle to him.她的決定對他來說是個謎。(2)what puzzles me is why he left home without telling anyone.令我困惑的是他為什么沒告訴任何人就離家出走了。(3)the teacher left the children to puzzle out the answer to the problem themselves.老師讓學生動腦筋自行尋找問題的答案。單項填空(4)when we speak english today，we sometimes feel about which words or phrases to use.apuzzled banxiouscgrateful dignorant答案a解析句意為：當我們今天說英語時，我們有時會感到困惑，不知該用什么詞或短語。puzzled感到困惑的；anxious焦慮的，渴望的；grateful感激的；ignorant無知的，愚昧的。根據(jù)題意選a。(5)she had a look on her face because of the problem.apuzzled；puzzled bpuzzling；puzzlingcpuzzled；puzzling dpuzzling；puzzled答案c解析句意為：因為這個令人困惑的問題她一臉困惑。a puzzled look 困惑的表情；the puzzling problem 令人困惑的問題。7scientists observe that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life.科學家們注意到，我們年輕的時候充分利用我們的感官會使我們在以后的生活中保持健康。make the most of最大限度地利用，充分利用make use of利用make full/good use of充分/好好利用make better use of更好地利用make the best of最大限度地利用(1)we should make the most of the opportunity.我們應充分利用這一機遇。(2)this is a good chance that you can make use of to improve your spoken english.這是一個你可以利用它來提升你英語口語的好機會。(3)we could make better use of our resources.我們可以更有效地利用我們的資源。單項填空(4)it really shocked us that he should have made such rapid progress in his study in such a short time!no surprising.he has been making most of his spare time to study.(2018無錫江陰四校高一期中)aa；the ba；/c/；the d/；/答案c解析句意為：他在這么短的時間內(nèi)竟然取得這么大的進步真是讓人驚訝。一點不奇怪，他一直利用他的業(yè)余時間學習。第一空不填，因為progress是不可數(shù)名詞；第二空填the，make the most of.充分利用，故選c。8it is added that while our sense of sight is used too much，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.它(研究報告)補充說我們的視覺用得太多，而我們的觸覺和嗅覺被忽略了。(1)ignore vt.忽視；對不予理會(2)ignorance n忽視be in ignorance of sth.不知某事；對某事不了解(3)ignorant adj.無知的；愚昧的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事be ignorant that.不知道(1)he ignored all the “no smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.他無視所有“禁止吸煙”的標牌，并且還點了根煙。(2)we are in complete ignorance of your plans.我們對你的計劃一無所知。單項填空(3)how do you deal with him?the best way to deal with an impolite person is to him.arecognize brefusecignore dmiss答案c解析答句句意為： 對付無理之人的最佳方式就是置之不理。ignore 多指有意忽略，符合題意，故選c項。(4)last week a tennis ball hit me on the head，but i tried to the pain，believing that it would go away sooner or later.ashare brealizecignore dcause答案c解析句意為：上周一個網(wǎng)球打中了我的頭，但是我盡力忽視疼痛，相信它遲早會消失的。share分享；realize意識到；ignore忽視，忽略；cause引起，造成。故選c。經(jīng)典句式one explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.一種解釋是女性的嗅覺比男性的發(fā)達，而且這和識別嬰兒的體味有關系。(1)本句是復合句，主語為one explanation，that womens.babies是表語從句，在表語從句中，is better developed與is linked to并列作謂語。(2)that of men中的that為指示代詞，代指前面提到的sense of smell。that代指前文提到的名詞時，表示同一類，但未必是同一個。易混辨析it，one，thatit相當于“the (that，this)名詞”，特指上文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的人或物，用以指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，即指代同名同物。one相當于“a名詞”，泛指前面提到過的同類事物中的不同的另一個，用于指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，即指代同名異物。前面可有定語，也可沒有。that相當于“the名詞”，特指上文中已出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，以避免重復，that指代的名詞與前面的名詞屬于同一類，但不屬于同一個。一般情況下，其后都有定語。(1)the population of shanghai is larger than that of tianjin.上海的人口比天津的人口多。(2)can you see the book？it is on the desk.你看見那本書了嗎？它在桌子上。(3)we have been looking at the houses，but havent found one we like yet.我們一直在看房子，但還沒有找到一套我們喜歡的。單項填空(4)a new study suggests that yelling at children may have consequences(結果) that go beyond of beating them.(2018鹽城伍佑中學高一檢測)aones bthesecthose dthat答案c解析句意為：一項新的研究表明，朝孩子喊叫造成的后果可能超過打他們(的后果)。consequence 意為“后果”，其后加介詞 of 表示“的后果”。根據(jù)句意和橫線后面的介詞 of，可以推斷此處代詞指代consequences，故需用復數(shù)形式，排除d項；ones為不定代詞，表示泛指，排除a項； these 作代詞時，指代聽說雙方都知道的“這些”，根據(jù)句意排除b項；those 為 that 的復數(shù)形式，作為代詞時指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞復數(shù)，故正確答案為c。.單詞拼寫1though i hadnt seen peter for about twenty years，i recognized him the moment i saw him.2volunteering(志愿者工作) gives you a chance to change lives，including your own.3eating this kind of fruit often reduces(減少) the risks of heart disease.4why he left the company without telling anyone is still a puzzle to us.5i said hello to her，but she ignored me completely!.選詞填空6the teacher suggested to us that we make the most of time to study english well.7youve made a mistakeyouve left out the letter “t”8it is obvious that lung diseases are linked to smoking.9we must set aside some money for a rainy day rather than run out of our income immediately.10because the writer fell ill all of a sudden，the novel to be published by the end of next month was put off.完成句子11她在看電視時睡著了。she fell asleep while (she was) watching tv.12我必須找個人說說心里話，不然，我會發(fā)瘋的。i must bare my heart to someone，or i shall go mad.13是你而不是我適合這項工作。you rather than i are fit for the job.14你決不應該放棄。in no case should you give up.15光速比音速要快。the speed of light is faster than that of sound.單項填空16when asked what they would volunteer to do， said they were willing to do something they could.(2017南菁高級中學高一檢測) ahalf of these bhalf of whichchalf of them dhalf of whom答案c解析句意為：當被問及他們將自愿做什么時，一半的人說他們愿意做些力所能及的事情。由題干可知，題中when作為連詞，后接狀語從句的省略形式，故逗號后缺少主句的主語。故選c。17some of the members demanded to know why they had been kept the true facts until they reached the present critical stage.ain ignorance of bin the light ofcin honor of din view of答案a解析句意為：有些成員要求了解為什么他們對事實的真相毫不知情，直到他們處于目前危險的境地。sb.be kept in ignorance of不讓某人知道，符合句意。 18when madam curie did the experiment again，she was more careful she had failed.(2017徐州一中高一階段檢測)awhen bin casecif dwhere答案d解析句意為：居里夫人再做實驗時，她對失敗過的地方更加小心。where引導地點狀語從句。故選d。19its reported that the degree of wealth concentration in china has by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than of the us.(2018常州高級中學高一期中)arisen；that brisen；whatcraised；that draised；what答案a解析句意為：據(jù)報道，在過去的35年里中國的財富集中度已經(jīng)提高了1/3，目前比美國的財富集中度都大。選項中的rise作不及物動詞表示“上升，增強”；raise 是及物動詞，表示“提高，養(yǎng)育”。題干中主語是the degree of wealth concentration，可知用不及物動詞rise；第二空指代的是前文提到的the degree of wealth concentration，所以用表示“同名同物”的代詞that，所以a選項是正確的。20shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins，the city took on a new look.areducing bbeing reducedcreduced dhaving reduced答案b解析reduce sth.to ruins把變?yōu)閺U墟。after為介詞，后跟動詞ing形式作賓語，且reduce與邏輯主語the city存在被動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式。用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空1i dont know where mr black put his bag the day before yesterday.2that he has won the prize is true.3what she was really interested in was playing computer games.4word came that the winner of the games would get 10,000 dollars.5would you please tell us why todd was absent?6it is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.7it doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.8the bus i took was broken on the way.this was why i was late.9we have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.10the question is whether it is worth doing.名詞性從句在句子中起名詞的作用，可作句子的主語、表語、賓語和同位語，分別稱作：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。學習名詞性從句應注意其引導詞的用法與區(qū)別以及名詞性從句與其他從句的區(qū)別等。一、名詞性從句的引導詞分類詞形詞義作從句的成分從屬連詞thatwhether/if是否連接代詞who(ever)(無論)誰主格主語、賓語whom(ever)(無論)誰賓格賓語whose誰的所有格定語which(ever)(無論)哪一個(些)主語、賓語、表語、定語what(ever)(無論)什么，東西主語、賓語、表語、定語連接副詞when什么時間時間狀語where什么地方地點狀語how怎樣，如何方式狀語why為什么原因狀語1.主語從句在復合句中作主語的從句叫主語從句。that the football match will be put off is certain now.足球賽將會推遲一事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)確定。whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.違反該法者應予以罰款。注意：(1)主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但主語從句的主語只限定從句中的謂語動詞，與主句的謂語動詞無關。(2)有時為了避免頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句，而把主語從句置于句末。it is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language.英語作為一門國際語言正日益為人們所接受，這是不爭的事實。it is unknown to us all where life developed.我們都不知道生命起源于何處。2賓語從句在復合句中作動詞或介詞賓語的從句叫賓語從句。i believe (that) the chinese womens volleyball team will win in the world cup this year.我相信中國女子排球隊將贏得今年的世界杯。i wonder when he will come to school.我想知道他什么時候來學校。i dont know if/whether he has ever been to paris.我不知道他是否去過巴黎。3表語從句在復合句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的連接詞與引導主語從句和賓語從句的連接詞大體相同，有時也用as if引導；表語從句位于系動詞之后。the problem is who can get there to take the place of ben.問題是誰能到那兒接替本的位置。it looks as if it is going to rain.看起來像是要下雨了。4同位語從句在復合句中充當同位語的名詞性從句叫同位語從句。同位語從句用來對其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容進行解釋說明。同位語從句一般跟在下列名詞后：belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，message，news，promise，suggestion，report，thought等。the fact that his suggestion makes sense should be recognized.他的建議是有意義的，這一事實需要得到認可。二、that引導的名詞性從句1當名詞性從句是陳述句時，用that引導。2介詞in和except后接由that引導的賓語從句時，that不能省略。3當that引導主語從句時，that不能省略。通常用it作形式主語。it is necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers in order to meet the need of a job.為了工作的需要，每個人都應該掌握電腦操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。4that引導賓語從句時，在非正式英語中，that通常省略。注意：that引導名詞性從句時不省略的幾種常見情況：(1)當一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上并列的that引導的賓語從句時，第一個that可以省略，其余的that不可省略。he told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.他告訴我他的父親去世了，他不得不獨自謀生。(2)當賓語從句有it作形式賓語時。have you made it clear that the form is to be handed in by friday?星期五之前這表格應該上交，你講清楚這一點了嗎？(3)當主句謂語動詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時。when marx got to england，he found，however，that his english was so limited that he couldnt go on with his common affairs.然而，當馬克思到達英國后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的英語很有限以至于不能處理日常事務。三、whether或if引導名詞性從句時，只用whether不用if的幾種情況1引導主語從句位于句首時。whether they will sell the house is not decided yet.他們還沒有決定是否賣掉這所房子。2引導表語從句或同位語從句時。the question is whether he should do it.問題是他是否應該做那件事。there is some doubt whether john will quit his present job.對于約翰是否會辭去現(xiàn)在的工作還不確定。3作介詞的賓語時。i havent settled the question of whether well invite him.我還沒有解決我們是否邀請他的問題。4與or not緊連時。i dont know whether or not he finally found his missing watch.我不知道他最后是否找到了丟失的手表。5與不定式連用時。we had no idea whether to go without jane.我們不知道是不是不等簡直接走。對點訓練1theres doubt the new machine can satisfy our needs.(2018宿遷高一期中)athat bwhichcwhat dwhether答案d解析句意為：對這臺新機器是否能滿足我們的需要還有懷疑。根據(jù)句意，故選d項。2it remains to be seen the new policy can be put into practice.(2018沭陽高級中學高一期中)athat bwhichcwhat dwhether答案d解析句意為：新政策是否能夠?qū)嵤┻€有待觀察。whether可引導主語從句。3 she was sick，i was expected to take her place greatly surprised me，for i didnt have much work experience.(2018連云港贛榆高一期中調(diào)研)athat if bthatcif that dif答案a解析句意為：如果她生病，大家希望我來代替她工作，這令我非常吃驚，因為我根本就沒有什么工作經(jīng)驗?？疾橹髡Z從句和狀語從句。此題為句中句，增加了試題難度。首先斷開句子she was sick，i was expected to take her place，這兩個部分只有逗號無連詞連接，根據(jù)句意，前一部分應為條件狀語從句，即if she was sick，.。當句子作主語時，如果句子語意完整且不缺任何句子成分，應由that引導，且that不能省略，所以答案選a。4with time going by，we have come to realize that creativity is it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.(2017泰州中學高一期中)awhat bhowcwhy dthat答案a解析本題是what引導表語從句what it takes to keep a nation highly competitive，并在句中作takes的賓語。句意為：隨著時間的流逝，我們逐漸意識到創(chuàng)造性是一個國家保持高度競爭力所需的。故a正確。5 seems to be a strong competition in china for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.(2017宿遷高一期中)awhat bitcthere dthat答案a解析句意為：中國高中生進入大學似乎有很激烈競爭的情況在其他國家確實也同樣存在。根據(jù)句意及句子結構分析可知，此處為主語從句，連詞在從句中作主語，指代“的情況”，應使用關系代詞what引導。故選a。6the news came my cousin was chosen chairman of the students union.athat bwhatcwhether dhow答案a解析句意為：消息傳來，我表弟被選為學生會主席。that引導同位語從句，作the news的同位語，that在從句中不作句子成分，僅起連接作用，且不可省略。故選a。7actually， works hard can be they want to be，whether it is a pilot，an engineer or a manager.(2017徐州一中高一階段檢測)aanyone；whoever bwhoever；anyonecanyone；no matter what dwhoever；whatever答案d解析句意為：事實上，任何人只要努力工作都可以成為他們想成為的人，無論是飛行員、工程師還是經(jīng)理。who