延續(xù)性動詞xiti.doc

中考英語重點知識講解動詞的延續(xù)性問題 我們首先要了解什么是延續(xù)性動詞，什么是非延續(xù)性動詞（也叫短暫性動詞）。 延續(xù)性動詞：動詞所表示的動作可以延續(xù)一段時間（幾分鐘/小時/年），如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用(這樣的時間狀語經(jīng)常用since或for引導(dǎo)，可以用how long對它進行提問)。 非延續(xù)性動詞：動詞所表示的動作一發(fā)生即結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用；另外它也不能和進行時連用，表示動作正在發(fā)生，而且有持續(xù)的過程，如果這樣的動詞和進行時連用，往往表示的是即將進行的意思。 在中考里，往往這樣考查同學(xué)們對這個概念是否理解：一、till/until的用法中涉及的動詞延續(xù)性問題：如果一個句子的時間狀語由till/until引導(dǎo)，那么它的謂語動詞如果是延續(xù)性動詞就必須用肯定形式；如果它的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞就必須用否定形式。例如：He didnt leave until/till he finished his homework. 他完成家庭作業(yè)才離開。（在這個句子里leave 為非延續(xù)性動詞，所以用了否定形式）He waited for the girl till it was late. 他等那個女孩一直到很晚的時候。（在這個句子里wait為延續(xù)性動詞，所以用了肯定形式）二、完成時態(tài)里涉及的動詞延續(xù)性問題： 很多同學(xué)在初學(xué)完成時態(tài)的時候都不能正確地翻譯這樣的句子，例如：他買這輛車已經(jīng)兩年了。很多同學(xué)會把它翻譯成：He has bought this car for two years. 在這個句子里，動詞buy是非延續(xù)性動詞，而時間狀語表示的是一段時間，所以把它們聯(lián)系起來顯然是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。正確的說法是：He has had this car for two years. 并不是非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成時態(tài)，而只是在時間狀語表示的是一段時間的時候，動詞只能為延續(xù)性動詞。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. （當(dāng)他到達電影院的時候電影已經(jīng)開始了。）這樣的說法沒有什么問題，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”（當(dāng)他到達電影院的時候電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。）就不正確，因為十分鐘表示的是一段時間，而begin不能延續(xù)，所以應(yīng)該把這個句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.三、“how long”短語涉及的動詞延續(xù)性問題：“how long”是對一段時間的長短提問，所以和它連用的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如“這本書我能借多長時間？”不能說成：How long can I borrow this book? 而應(yīng)該說成：How long can I keep this book? 某些非延續(xù)性動詞如果要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，往往要進行改變，對此我作了簡單的小結(jié)，請大家牢記：（前面為短暫，后面為延續(xù)）2.買 buy: have3.死 die: be dead4.走/離開go/leave: be away5.參軍 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier6.入黨 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member7.開始放映/展出 begin: be on 8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends9.結(jié)婚marry: be married10.開放/營業(yè) open: be open11.關(guān)閉/停業(yè) close: be closed中考試題練習(xí)（答案為畫線部分）1. -How long may I _ the book? - For two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy2. -Im sorry to have kept you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be3. -_ you _ China for a long time? - Yes, I came here three years ago. A. Have; come to B. Did; come to C. Have; been in 4. -How long _ you _ here? - For about two years so far. A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. were; swimming5. Jack has _ for a week. A. had cold B. had a cold C. got a cold D. caught a cold7. When did you join the League ? - Last year. I _ a league member for one year. A. was B. became C. have been8. I _ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.kept D.have kept9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please? Im sorry, but I _ it for only two days. I havent finished it yet. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hour. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away11. -How long have you _ the motorbike?-For about two weeks. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. lent12. A: How long can I _ the magazine? B: For two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep 13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _it for a week. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has kept D. lend14. Is your father a Party member? Yes, he _the Party three years ago. He _a Party member for three years. A. joined, has been B. has joined, has been C. was joined, is D. joined, was15. _your sister _ in Greener China for a long time? Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. have; joined16. Dongdong has _ Greener China for two months. A. joined B. taken part in C. been D. been a member of 17. -How long may I _ t