介詞用法大全ppt.ppt

Grammar 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) 介詞是高考中的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn) 在連續(xù)六年的廣東高考中都有專門考查介詞的 占語(yǔ)法填空的五分之一 主要考點(diǎn)有 thevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme aguestintheirhouse 2007NMET 思路分析 句意是 把我作為客人接待 表示 當(dāng)作 作為 用介詞as as Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman thetroubleIhadcausedher 2007NMET 思路分析 句意是 我想酬謝我給她造成了麻煩的那個(gè)年邁的婦女 表示 因 而酬謝 報(bào)答某人 是rewardsb forsth 即用for引出原因 故填for 類似的還有thankyousb forsth praisesb forsth punishsb forsth for Hewasverytired doingthisforawholeday 2008NMET廣東 思路分析 累了必定是在干了一整天活之后 故填after 另外 表示 因 而累 betiredfrom也是固定短語(yǔ) 故也可填from Betiredof對(duì) 厭倦Iamtiredoflivingabroad 我對(duì)生活在國(guó)外感到厭倦了 after from ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople sdailylife theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories 2008NMET廣東 思路分析 因theseproverbs是名詞 且不是作主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)等 前面很可能是填介詞 句意是 在中國(guó)的這些成語(yǔ)故事的背后常常有有趣的故事 表示 在 背后 用介詞behind Behind In Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes sale 2009 因表示 出售 的onsale是固定搭配 on WhenJanegothome withhersmallbutwell chosenpresentinherbag herparentswerealready tablehavingsupper Hermotherwasexcited Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking Jane inform 2009NMET廣東 at wasinformed Histeachertookadeepdrink smiled warm andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater Theyoungmanwenthome ahappyheart 2010廣東 Weunderstandthislessonbest wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren Whetheritisacheappipeonadiamondnecklace theproperresponseisappreciation Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething warmly with when Ididn twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn tlikeleavinghim 23 hisowneither 2011廣東 thenewboylookedattheteacher 23 afewseconds 2012廣東 on for 1 什么情況下可能是填介詞 我們首先必須知道兩點(diǎn) 1 介詞必須要接賓語(yǔ) 其賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞 代詞 動(dòng)名詞 或者what從句 2 名詞 代詞或動(dòng)名詞在句中通常作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 介詞的賓語(yǔ) 因此 我們?cè)诮獯鹫Z(yǔ)法填空時(shí) 若空格后是名詞 代詞或動(dòng)名詞時(shí) 且他們不是在句中作主語(yǔ) 也不是在動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 這個(gè)格空就很可能是填介詞 解題技巧 2 應(yīng)該填哪個(gè)介詞 在判斷可能填介詞之后 要根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定填哪個(gè)介詞 特別是根據(jù)空格所在句子的意思來(lái)選擇一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~ 第一類 和時(shí)間有關(guān)的介詞 1 inaton1 theday2 theevening3 daybreak4 midnight5 sixo clock6 dusk7 acoldday8 asummerevening9 Sunday10 December12th2009早 晚都要用inat黎明 午 夜 點(diǎn)與分on在特定的某一天或某天的上午 下午 晚上等 in in at at at at on on on on 注 1 weekends2 Christmas Easter3 May4 aweek5 thefall6 Hewillcomeback tendays7 arriving westartedtowork 8 Hejumpedwithjoy hearingthenews 在周末和泛指圣誕節(jié) 復(fù)活節(jié) 感恩節(jié)等前用at說(shuō)到星期 月份 季節(jié) 世紀(jì)等較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間時(shí) 要用in在將來(lái)時(shí)中 in加一段時(shí)間表示多久以后on doing 一 就 on 該動(dòng)詞的名詞形式 at at in in in in on On 2 before after ago later1 supper2 19703 comingtocollege4 Aweek 5 aminute 6 Tendays before after表時(shí)間點(diǎn) ago later表時(shí)間段注 1 HehadstudiedFrenchforfouryears hecamehere 2 Hefellillthreedays before可接完成時(shí) ago過(guò)去時(shí)有限 before after before after before after ago later ago later ago later before ago 3 totill untilTheyworkedfromfive tenLet sstartnowandwork dark HeusuallypaysmeonFridaybutlastweekhedidn tpayme thefol lowingMonday We llstayhere itstopsraining from totill untilnot until to till until till until till until 4 from since forSheissinging morningtonight Hehasbeenhere MondayHeleftschoolin1983 Ihaven tseenhim then Ihaven tseenTom twoyears Hetravelledinthedesert sixmonths from和to不可分 since只用完成時(shí) 從句常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)for常接一段時(shí)間 from since since for for 5 by 時(shí)間 在這一時(shí)刻或者是在這一時(shí)刻之前 且常常可以和完成時(shí)連用火車6點(diǎn)10分發(fā)車 所以你最好在6點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)火車站 Thetrainstartsat6 10 soyouhadbetterbeatthestationby6 00 到7月底我將已把那些書全讀完了 BytheendofJulyI llhavereadallthosebooks 6 duringinwithin1 Ilearnedalot theholiday mystaythere 2 Shewasborn 1997 3 MrBlackvisitedourschool 2009 not20084 Theyworkedhard Theyfinishedthework 2daysatlast During和in兩者在一般情況下可以相互替換 但是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)候常用during 而強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在段時(shí)間中的某一點(diǎn)時(shí)候常用in 同時(shí) 當(dāng)表示對(duì)比的時(shí)候 常用in within強(qiáng)調(diào)的是不超過(guò) 在 之內(nèi) During in in within 7 over 時(shí)間強(qiáng)調(diào) 過(guò)完 有時(shí)表示 一邊 一邊 他的孫兒孫女們將在這過(guò)完周末 Hisgrandchildrenwillstayovertheweekends 他們一邊喝咖啡一邊聊天 Theychattedoveracupofcoffee 8 throughout強(qiáng)調(diào) 從頭至尾 至始至終 整個(gè)會(huì)議過(guò)程中他一句話都沒(méi)有說(shuō) Hekeptsilentthroughoutthemeeting 9 towards 時(shí)間表示 接近 快到 快到半夜了他們才離開(kāi) Theylefttowardsmidnight 注 1 Ourteacherisverypatienttowardsus 2 Thelittleboyrantowardshismother towards還可表示對(duì)待 某人 和 朝 方向相當(dāng)于to 2 in 時(shí)間段在 之后 內(nèi) 多用于將來(lái)時(shí)after 時(shí)間段在 之后 多用于過(guò)去時(shí)1 MrBrownhasgonetoCanada Hewillbeback twoweeks A forB afterC in2 Ourmanagercameback anhour A inB afterC at3 Theyhavebeenhere anhour A forB afterC in 第二類表示方位的介詞 inat1 Helives agreatcitywhilehisparentslive avillage 2 Thereisashop thecornerofthestreet 3 Hehidthebook thecornerofthedesk 4 Hewasswimming thelake 5 Theywerewalking thelake 小地方at 大地方in at表附近 in表里注意 atsea in in in at at at inintoIpouredthebeer thecup Heputhishands hispockets Someonemusthavebroken into常常表示進(jìn)入 而in一般無(wú)此用3 intoonTaiwanlies theeastofChinaTaiwanis thesoutheastofFujian ChinafacesthePacific theeast in內(nèi)to外 on表接壤 into into in in to on onaboveover belowunderThereisalake thevillage furtherdownthevalley There sabridge theriver There sabag thedesk above below斜上 下方 over under垂直上 下方 on是一般要接觸Theyarechildrenabovesixyearsold Inthecompany DickranksaboveTomHeconsideredhimselfabovedoingsuchthings above還可表年齡 職位和不屑Thecarisunderrepair under還可以表示正在 之中underdiscussion construction below over on beneath太陽(yáng)此刻落到地平線下了 Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizonbeneath可以代替underHeisbeneathhisbrotherintellectually Heconsideredthatjobbeneathhimbeneath也可表抽象和比喻 低于 不適合 6 through across over by1 Hewent theforestbyhimself 2 Hewalked mewithoutspeaking 3 Youmustbecarefulwhenyouwalk theroad 4 Hejumped thewallacross 從物體表面 跨越 越過(guò)through 從物體中間 穿透 穿越over 從物體上面 躍過(guò)by在 旁邊 through by across over across 從物體表面 跨越 越過(guò)through 從物體中間 穿透 穿越over 從物體上面 躍過(guò) 7 toatHeshouted mewithanger Heshouted mesothatIcouldhearhim at側(cè)重是攻擊 to一般是善意cometo attalkto atpresent aknife to at at to 8 between among1 Thegirlsits JaneandMary 2 Theteacherisstanding thestudents between是兩 among是大于等于三注 1 Shetakessomemedicine threemeals 三者以上事物 把這些事物分別看待 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩兩之間的時(shí)候仍用between2 Iam thetopstudents among還可表示包括在其中 beincludedin between among 9 beyond在 的那一邊山那邊是一片濃密的森林 Beyondthemountainsisathickforest 注 1 Itsbenefitsgobeyondthis 2 Don tstaytherebeyondthevisitinghours 3 Theroadcontinuesbeyondthevillageupintothehill beyond還可以表示超出 范圍beyondtheordinary theageof20 one sreach one sdescription one sgrasp against表示靠著 依著他的辦公桌靠墻放著 Hisdeskliesagainstthewall 注 1 Weboughtsomewarmclothesagainstthecomingwinter2 Thelittleredhouselookssobeautifulagainstthegreenwoods 3 Shehassaidnothingagainstyou 4 Itisagainsttheschoolrulestospeakinclass against還可以表示預(yù)防 以 為背景 不利于 違反等意思 along沿著 順著沿著長(zhǎng)平路一直往前走 穿過(guò)兩個(gè)十字路口后你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)沃爾瑪超市在你的左手邊 WalkalongChangpingRoadandgoacrosstwocrossings AndthenyouwillfindtheWal MartMarketisonyourleft 注 1 Comealongwithus 2 Getalongwellwithothers along還可以表示 和 一起 12 off 從 上 移開(kāi) 落下 離開(kāi)see take set fall off在 離岸邊不遠(yuǎn)的 海面 與 相距islandsoffthecoastTheshipsankofftheharbor 注 1 Myhometownismorethan1 000off 2 ThedayforCEEisabout200daysoff 空間或時(shí)間上的相距3 Iwillbeofftomorrow 離開(kāi)或休假4 Theelectricityisoff 斷電5 Heofferedtotake10 offtheprice 低于 折價(jià) 第三類和原因有關(guān)的介詞1 for表示原因經(jīng)常用在一些固定搭配中 thank forgive reward admire for2 with后面接詞或短語(yǔ)他們欣喜若狂 Theywerewildwithjoy tremblewithfear laughter coldbetiredwith handsareroughwithwork3 at常放在表示情緒變化的此后beshockedat puzzledat amusedat delightedat angryatsth in用材料 語(yǔ)言 聲音 現(xiàn)金等with用具體的工具 身體器官等 有形的 by用方式 方法 手段 無(wú)形的 交通通訊工具1 Mymotheroftengotowork bike 2 Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow pleasetellme phone 3 Theteacheriswritingonthepaper redinkandtheblackboard apieceofchalk 4 Canyousayit English 5 Pleasepay cash 6 MyAmericanfriendislearningtoeat chopsticks 7 Onesmells hisnose 第四類表示方式 手段的介詞 by by in with in in with with 注 by 交通工具的名詞 in on 冠詞 交通工具bybike onabikebybus onabusbycar inacar但是onfoot例外 第五類表示除外的介詞1 but表示排除 多與nobody none noone nothing anything everyone all who等連用 當(dāng)but前有do的任何形式 后接動(dòng)詞原形 2 besides表示包含 除 之外還有 3 except表示排除 除 之外 指的是同一類中除去其他個(gè)體 4 exceptfor表示除去整體中的部分 指的是同一物中除去例外的一部分 只是 只不過(guò) 5 apartfrom except besides 1 Thereisnoonehere me 2 LastnightIdidnothing watchTV 3 Wegothereeveryday Sunday 4 Thecompositionisquitegood thespelling 5 basketball IlikeplayingPingpang 6 Youhavenochoice towait 7 LiLongisagoodstudent hislaziness but but except exceptfor Besides but exceptfor 2020 3 10 41 可編輯 第六類表示所屬關(guān)系的介詞to of for1 Haveyougotthekey thelock 2 Doyouknowtheanswer thequestion 3 Hebrokeoneleg thetable 4 Areyouusedtothecustoms thecountry 5 Thereisnotenoughfood supper 6 Ihavetwotickets thefilm tokey answer reply invitation Monument note exit entrances bridge road way solution visitof表 所有 關(guān)系 即 介詞of前的事物是后面事物不可分割的部分 for表 適合 關(guān)系 即 介詞for前的事物只適合后面這一特定事物 to to of of for for 第七類表示關(guān)于的on和about1 Theteachertoldusastory LeiFeng 2 We regoingtolistentoalecture Africanhistorythisafternoon on與about一般情況下 二者可以互相替換 about常用于簡(jiǎn)單的或淺顯的論述等 是一般用語(yǔ) 多用于講故事 談話 思考等on多用于系統(tǒng)論述或?qū)ｎ}講演 論著等 具有學(xué)術(shù)性 about on 第八類表示增加或減少1 Comparedwithlastyear thepricehasrisen 30 2 Thepopulationhasincreasedfrom1 2milion 1 8million by表示在原有的基礎(chǔ)上增加或減少了 to表示總數(shù)增加或減少到 by to 第九類表示價(jià)格 比率 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 速度的介詞at表示價(jià)值 價(jià)格 比率或速度 表單價(jià) for表示交換 指總價(jià)錢by表示度量單位或標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 后接表計(jì)量單位的名詞一般是單數(shù) 前面需加定冠詞the 數(shù)詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不加 1 Weareflying aspeedof400kms hr 2 Iboughtthesebooks 5dollarseach 3 Iboughtthesebooks 30dollars 4 Heispaid theweek at at for by 第十類as likeHehasbeenplayingtennisasaprofessionalfortwoyears Heplaystennislikeaprofessional Thewineimproveswithage DoasIdo as 介詞 作為 如同 連詞 隨著 按照 with 介詞 隨著 like 介詞 像 跟 一樣 unlike 比如 動(dòng)詞 喜歡 dislike1 隨著時(shí)間的流逝 她原諒了他 Astimewentby sheforgavehim Withtimegoingby sheforgavehim 2 astudent youshouldstudyhard 3 manystudents hestudieshard As Like 1 Theoldmancannotwalk astick 2 Wegotthere anytrouble 3 Itwasn tverypoliteofyoutoserveyourself asking 4 Wewere electricityforthreehoursbutit sonagainnow without without without without 1 without 賓語(yǔ) 形容詞Allthethingsinhishousewerestolenwithoutthedooropen 他屋里的所有東西都被偷了 而門沒(méi)有打開(kāi) 2 without 賓語(yǔ) 副詞I dbelostwithoutyouhere 沒(méi)有你在這兒 我會(huì)一籌莫展 3 without 賓語(yǔ) 介詞短語(yǔ)Idon tlikesweetcoffee Ilikeitbetterwithoutsugarinit 我不喜歡加糖的咖啡 里邊不加糖我更喜歡 4 without 賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye 沒(méi)說(shuō)再見(jiàn) 他就走了 5 without 賓語(yǔ) 不定式Itwasboringtosittherewithoutanythingtodo 無(wú)所事事地坐在那里太無(wú)聊了 6 without 賓語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞Withoutanyproblemsolved theyleft 沒(méi)有解決任何問(wèn)題 他們就走了 第十一類用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的without 1 With n pron adj Hewenttobedwiththedooropen 2 With n pron adv Shelefttheclassroomwithallthelightson 3 With n pron prep PhraseMothercamehomewithabasketinherhand 4 With n pron doingJacklayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky 5 With n pron todoWithherhusbandtohelpher shewillworkitout 6 With n pron p p Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback 例1 fire allexitsmustbekeptclear A InplaceofB InsteadofC IncaseofD Inspiteof例2 Ihaveofferedtopaintthehouse aweek saccommodationInexchangeforB withregardtoC bymeansofD inplaceof例3 youradvice IwouldhavebeencaughtinthetrafficandIwouldn thavebeenthereontime InspiteofB ButforC BecauseofD Asfor A C B 介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析考查 介詞與名詞 動(dòng)詞 形容詞等的搭配例1 Howdifferentmyhometownis whatitwastenyearsago fromB atC withD by例2 scientistsareconvinced thepositiveeffectoflaughter physicalandmentalhealth A of atB by inC of onD on at A C 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用例 Theauthor BeijingUniversity allofusarefamiliarwillpayavisittoourcompany from whomB in towhomC from withwhomD in who C 解題指導(dǎo) 對(duì)于介詞與其他詞的搭配 除了掌握一些常見(jiàn)的搭配外 要善于從句中找出搭配形式 特別是分割開(kāi)了的搭配形式 要注意還原短語(yǔ) 選出需用的介詞 分詞形式的介詞considering 就 而論 given 如果有 考慮到 including 包括 concerning 關(guān)于 例1 hisoldage heishealthyenough A ConsideredB ToconsiderC ConsideringD consider例2 hissupport Ithinkwewillwintheelection A IfB GivenC GivingD Have C B inadditionto besides除 以外 還有incaseof萬(wàn)一發(fā)生 incommonwith與 有共同之處 與 相同infaceof面對(duì) intimeof在 時(shí)候indangerof處于 的危險(xiǎn)中indefenceof為了保護(hù) 牢記下列常見(jiàn)的復(fù)合介詞 inneed wantof需要 inshortof缺 infavourof有利于 inexchangefor以交換 inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念 inhonourof為了尊敬 inpraiseof為了贊美 inchargeof負(fù)責(zé) inthechargeof由 負(fù)責(zé) inpossessionof擁有 inthepossessionof由 擁有insearchof為了尋找 intouchwith和 保持聯(lián)系inpreparationfor為 作準(zhǔn)備inplaceof代替 而不是inhopesfor inthehopeof希望 inthecourseof在 的過(guò)程中inthehabitof在 的習(xí)慣中 infrontof在 的前面inthefrontof在 的前部intheformof以 的形式inthenameof以 名義inrelationto與 相關(guān) inreplyto作為對(duì) 的回答inanswerto作為對(duì) 的回應(yīng)inregardto關(guān)于 至于 inreturnfor作為對(duì) 的回報(bào) inspiteof盡管 insupportof支持 intermsof就 而言inharmonywith與 和諧inlinewith與 一致 符合inpaymentfor 為了償還 accordingto 依據(jù) 根據(jù) owingto 因?yàn)?becauseof 因?yàn)?onaccountof 因?yàn)?bymeansof 憑借 thanksto 多虧了 asfor to 至于 dueto 由于 apartfrom 除 以外exceptfor 除了 整體的某個(gè)不足的部分 regardlessof 不管 contraryto 與 相反onbehalfof 代表 butfor 要不是 outofdate過(guò)期的outofplace不合適的 不相稱的outoforder出故障的 與動(dòng)詞搭配 devote to 為 作貢獻(xiàn)dancetomusic伴著音樂(lè)跳舞adapt to 適應(yīng) adjust to 調(diào)節(jié) 以適應(yīng)attach to 把 粘貼到 上owe to 把 歸功于 注意下列帶介詞的詞組 2 on的搭配難點(diǎn)詞組 depend relyon依賴于 behardonsb 對(duì)某人苛刻beonaresearchteam研究隊(duì)中的一員takeon雇傭 呈現(xiàn) 注意下列帶介詞的詞組 3 over可以表示 在某事 活動(dòng)進(jìn)行的過(guò)程中 如 overacupofcoffee在喝咖啡的時(shí)候 overlunch在吃中餐的時(shí)候 注意下列帶介詞的詞組 4 考生要熟悉多個(gè) 形容詞 介詞 的詞組以及 bedone 介詞 done已經(jīng)形容詞化 表示狀態(tài) 如 beconsciousof意識(shí)到beawareof意識(shí)到 明白beworthyof值得 配得上beabsentfrom缺席bepresentat出席 注意下列帶介詞的詞組 bebusywithsth 忙于 bebusyindoingsth 忙于做 beanxiousabout為 擔(dān)心beashamedof因 而慚愧besuspiciousof懷疑 bedifferentfrom與 不同besimilarto與 相似 注意下列帶介詞的詞組 befamiliarwithsth 熟悉某物befondof喜愛(ài)bestrictwithsb 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格bestrictinsth 在某方面嚴(yán)格bepopularwith受到 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thetable MrBrownwas hiswifeinsocialstanding 2 over across past throughTheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast deserts mountains valleys tillatlastitreachesthesea Thecrowdofpeoplewalked theCityWall over above on under below across over through past 3 in on atHeis thestationnow Hisglassesareright hisnose Iam classroomnow 4 in on toJapanlies theeastofChina Englandlies thesoutheastofBritain GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinGuangzhou whichlies ZhujiangRiver at on in to in on by in on sea air land water plane ship traingotoschool mybike myfather scar foot horseback2 over through with by inHewaswriting apencil Wesee oureyes hand ink theradio thetelescope by on in with with by in over through by on at for withIamangry herwords Hewentred excitement Sheisoftenafraidtospeakinpublic shame 2 becauseof dueto thankstoMistakes carelessnessmayhaveseriousconsequences yourhelp Ihavegreatprogress Iamlate theheavyrain at about with for dueto Thanksto becauseof 作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ) 位于句首或句尾 多用于句首 besides except exceptfor but apartfromWeneedfifteenmorepeople ourteamtodothejob adeskortwo theclassroomwasempty Sheseldomtalkedofanything painting hiswife hisdaughteralsowentswimming Weallattendedt