高中英語句子翻譯技巧.doc

英語基本句型一英語基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構(gòu)/S (主）+ V（謂）（lv)( 系動(dòng)詞）+ P（表） 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;如：Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.鞏固練習(xí)1：1冬季白天短，夜晚長2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。3孩子們很少保持安靜。4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。5他失業(yè)了。二英語基本句型-2主謂結(jié)構(gòu)/S(主）+ Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂） 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語加不及物的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成, 常用來表示主語的動(dòng)作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。如：1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.鞏固練習(xí)2：1她昨天回家很晚。2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。3在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大41919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。5每天八時(shí)開始上課。三英語基本句型-3主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)/S (主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓） 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語構(gòu)成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.鞏固練習(xí)3：1昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過多次了。4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。四英語基本句型4 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)/S (主)+VT（謂）+ InO（間接賓）+ DO（直接賓） 說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。鞏固練習(xí)4：1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。3請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？4他把車票給列車員看。5我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？五英語基本句型5 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)/S (主）+ VT（謂）+ O（賓）+ O C（賓補(bǔ)） 說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.鞏固練習(xí)5：1我們叫她Alice.2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 六英語基本句型6 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語意。 此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有 there was/were 將來有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 鞏固練習(xí)6：1這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。2客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。3天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。4燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。5戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的. 課文句子翻譯練習(xí)：1. 他們正在面對(duì)面地交談。(face)_.2. 根據(jù)約翰說的, 下周將有一次會(huì)議。(according)_.3. 他早起為了趕頭班車。 (in order to)_.4. 你和你的同學(xué)相處得怎么樣? (get along with)_.5. 我們對(duì)他的安全都很關(guān)切。 (concern)_.6. 你是否需要一個(gè)你可以無話不談的朋友?_.7. 你近況如何?_.8. 我們成為好朋友已十年了。_.9. 我還沒來得及回答他的第一個(gè)問題, 他又問了一個(gè)問題。_.10. 我像大部分人那樣記日記。_.英語基本句型練習(xí)答案鞏固練習(xí)答案1：1In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.2At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.3Children seldom keep quiet.4Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5He is out of work.鞏固練習(xí)答案2：1. She went home very late yesterday evening.2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4. The May Fourth Movement broke outin Beijing in 1919.5. Classes begin at eight every day.鞏固練習(xí)答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night.2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times.4. They have carried out the plan successfully.5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.鞏固練習(xí)答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?鞏固練習(xí)答案5：1.We call her Alice.2.All of us considered him honest.3.They have set the thief free.4.I want you to tell me the truth.5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.鞏固練習(xí)答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.課文句子翻譯練習(xí)答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week.3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus.4. How are you getting along with your classmates?5. We are all concerned abo