動(dòng)詞ing的變化規(guī)則.doc

動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1、 一般情況下，動(dòng)詞后面直接加 -s. work - works get - gets say - says read - reads 2、 以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把 y變?yōu)?i 再加 -es. 例如： study - studies try - tries carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries 3、 以ch, sh, s, x, o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在后面加 -es。 go - goes teach - teaches wash - washes brush - brushes catch - catches do - does fix - fixes 動(dòng)詞ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般動(dòng)詞直接加ing go-go ing work-work ing look-look ing2.以-y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ing say-say ing enjoy-enjoy ing cry - cry ing carry-carry ing study-study ing3.以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y再加ing die - dying, lie - lying, tie - tying4.以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e 加 ing make - making write - writing love -writing hate - hating hope - hoping take - taking save- saving breathe - breathing produce - producing 注意：be - being see - seeing agree - agreeing5. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫這一輔音字母，再加-ing。 begin - beginning admit - admitting sit - sitting fit - fitting hit - hitting prefer - preferring swim - swimming shop - shopping cut - cutting get - getting forget - forgetting spit - spitting shut -shutting stop -stopping plan - planning dig - digging drop - dropping step - stepping 注意：blow - blowing grow - growing draw - drawing bow - bowing show - showing know - knowing 動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則規(guī)則變化：1.一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed。如：pick - picked - picked wish - wished - wished2.以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加d。 make maked maked like liked liked hope hoped hoped phone phoned phoned3.以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y 為 i , 再加- ed。study studied studied hurry hurried hurriedreply replied replied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫該輔音字母，再加 ed。stop stopped stopped shop shopped - shoppedplan planned planned drop dropped dropped不規(guī)則變化：(常見如下，需同學(xué)們識(shí)記)1.AAAcost cost cost 花費(fèi) cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 讓 put put put 放下 read read read 讀 hurt hurt hurt 傷 2.ABBburn burnt burnt 燃燒 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 學(xué)習(xí) mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 聽見 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借給 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花費(fèi) pay paidpaid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 說 bring brought brought 帶來 buy bought bought 買 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 掃 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得勝 shine shone/shined shone/shined 發(fā)光 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 覺得 fight fought fought 戰(zhàn)斗 find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn) get got got 得到 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 絞死，掛 have had had 有 hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 離開 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇見 sell sold sold 賣 shoot shot shot 射擊 tell told told 告訴 smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，聞 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖 3.ABCeat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 給 freeze froze frozen 凍結(jié) take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看見 write wrote written 寫 ride rode ridden 騎 drive drove driven 駕駛 throw threw thrown 拋，扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生長 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飛 draw drew drawn 繪畫 show showed shown 展示 speak spoke spoke說話 break broke broken 破碎，折斷 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 選擇 forget forgot forgotten 忘記 begin began begun 開始 ring rang rung 按鈴 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 飲 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去 wear worn worn 穿lie lay lain 躺 be(am, is) was/ were been 4.ABAcome came come 來 become became become 變 run ran run 跑 5.AABbeat beat beaten 打可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1、一般加-s,如: map - maps car - cars2、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的 ， 變y為i ,加-es ; baby-babies ,family-families3、以f, fe結(jié)尾的名詞，通常變f 或fe為v,再加-es;如: leaf-leaves, wife - wives,life - lives,thief - thieves; 注: belief - beliefs（信心）,roof - roofs（屋頂） safe - safes（保險(xiǎn)箱）, gulf - gulfs（海灣） 4、 以sh,ch, s, x結(jié)尾的名詞，結(jié)尾的加-es; dish-dishes watch - watches5、 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加s,(無生命的) photo photos, piano pianos , kilo-kilos, radio radios, zoo zoos； b. 加es,(有生命的) potato potatoes， tomatotomatoes, hero heroes 形容詞變副詞的變化規(guī)則1、 一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y” quick - quickly recent - recently 2、 以“y”結(jié)尾的, 如發(fā)音為/ i / , 先將 y 改成i , 再加“l(fā)y”，如happy - happily 如發(fā)音為/ ai /, 直接加 -ly, 如 dry - dryly shy - shyly3、 以“輔音字母 + le”結(jié)尾的，去e 加y possible - possibly terrible - terribly simple - simply considerable - considerably gentle - gently.4、 以“元音字母+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾的，去e 加ly true - truly 注意：polite - politely fortunate - fortunately immediate - immediately wise - wisely nice - nicely wide - widely形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則規(guī)則變化：1、一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er和-est，（以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的只加-r; -st） 大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在單詞前面加more和most strong - stronger - strongest nice - nicer - nicest strange - stranger - strangest beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful2、 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再 加-er和-est hot - hotter - hottest thin - thinner - thinnest big - bigger - biggest fat - fatter - fattest3、 少數(shù)以-ow; -er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，加-er, -est narrow - narrower - narrowest clever - cleverer - cleverest4、 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先y變成i，再加-er；-est happy- happier - happiest angry - angrier - angriest early - earlier - earlies