語法知識(shí) (2).doc

語法知識(shí)3A - 6B Grammar1.人稱代詞主格： I we you she he it they賓格： me us you her him it them形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+erolder taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+moremore interesting, etc.(3) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再+erbigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y變i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不規(guī)則變化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式Most nouns + s a book booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a storystoriesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glassglasses a watch-watchesNouns ending in o +s or +es a pianopianos a mangomangoesNouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 縮略形式Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he isits = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not etc6. a/ana book, a peachan egg an hour7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示時(shí)間： at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞one first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 動(dòng)詞(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.（3）一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句： There is a There are 一般疑問句:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否定句： There isnt . There arent.12. 祈使句Sit down please. Dont sit down, please.13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”.形式： be + verb +ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.動(dòng)詞 ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walkwalkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing comecomingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run running swimswimming14 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式：肯定句： I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑問句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.否定句： We dont go to school on Sundays.My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening.15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing. 2You should keep quiet in the library.16. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)（a） be 動(dòng)詞的過去式:I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were.一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。（b） 動(dòng)詞過去式：肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didnt.否定句： They didnt go the the part yesterday. He didnt make model ships last week.(3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ied eg : studystudiedShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop -stopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：is/amwas,arewere,dodid,have/hashad,makemade,fly-flew/u:eatate,taketook,runran,singsang,drinkdrank 等等17. “Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Wh