三級筆譯實務(wù)常用表達方式.doc

1. . nothing else than .結(jié)構(gòu)主詞benothingelse thanless than（else）but說明此句型意為“不是別的，而是”。本強調(diào)的是物。 His failure in this transaction was due to nothing else than his own carelessness. 他在這筆交易中的失利完全是由于他自己的粗心大意。 The present market situation is nothing else than fine. 目前市場形勢是最好不過的了。 What we expected is nothing less than a timely payment. 及時付款正是我們所盼望的。 This transaction is nothing less than a miracle. 這筆交易完全是一個奇跡。 What I need is nothing but a sample. 我需要的不過是一件樣品而已。 His condition is nothing but a little discount. 他的條件不過是一點折讓。2. . not so . but .結(jié)構(gòu)notsosuch形容詞副詞but說明此句型意為“還沒有到不能的程度”，引申為“盡管還是”。此處的 but 相當于“that . not”。 I am not such a fool but I can solve the problem. 我雖不才，還是能解決這一問題。 The quality is not so poor but it is acceptable. 質(zhì)量雖差，但仍能接受。 He is not so sick but he can attend a class. 他盡管有病，還是可以上課。3. not only . but also .結(jié)構(gòu)主詞not merelynot onlybut（also）說明此句型意為“不僅不但而且”。not onlybut also 稱為“”，所連接的兩個單字，須用相同的詞性。如果連接兩個時，前后的時式要一致；如用于連接兩個時，重點在第二個，因此須與第二個一致。若連接對等的，而由 not merely，not only 開頭，則要用倒裝形式。 Mary not only cleaned the room but (also) washed the window. 瑪麗不但清掃房間而且也洗刷窗子。 The hamburger not only smells good but (also) tastes delicious. 這只漢堡包不但氣味好聞而且味道好吃。 He is famous not only for his talent but (also) for his kindness. 他不僅以才能出名，而且是出名的好心。 Not only you but (also) I am to blame. 不僅你，連我都要受責(zé)難。 Not only did the dog bark at him, but (it) bit him. 這只狗不但對他吠叫，而且咬了他。 Not only is she beautiful, but she is (also) kind. 她不僅漂亮，而且善良。 His job is not only to dispose of problems but (also) to meet unexpected challenges. 他的工作不僅要處理難題而且也要應(yīng)付突來的挑戰(zhàn)。4. either . or .結(jié)構(gòu)either . or .說明此句型意為“要不就是”?？蛇B接對等的單字、或；連接時，要隨最近的 做變化。 Can you speak either English or French? 你會說英語或法語嗎？ Either you or he has made the mistake. 不是你，就是他弄錯了。 Either he or I am to blame. 不是他就是我該受責(zé)備。 Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你錯，就是我錯了。 Either your answer or mine is wrong. 不是你的答案錯了，就是我的錯了。 Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.我們或是尋求供貨，或者自己制造。 Tom is going to buy either a guitar or a piano.湯母不是要買一把吉他就是要買一架鋼琴。5. neither . nor .結(jié)構(gòu)neither . nor .說明此句型意為“既非也非”?？蛇B接對等的單字、或；連接時，要隨最近的 做變化。 Neither he nor I was able to understand her. 既不是我也不是他能夠了解她。 Neither you nor I am wrong. 你也好，我也好，都沒錯。 In my opinion, neither you nor he has met the standard.在我看來，你跟他都沒有達到標準。 I neither expressed surprise at the price nor attempted to accept it. 我對于這個價格既沒有表示驚異，也沒想接受。 We are going to play neither basketball nor volleyball.我們既不將打籃球也不將打排球。6. both . and .結(jié)構(gòu)both . and .說明此句型意為“二者皆；和”。這是對等，可連接對等的單字、和；若連接時，一定為復(fù)數(shù)形。 I work both on sunny days and on rainy ones. 我風(fēng)雨無阻地工作。 That actress is both skillful and beautiful. 那位女演員演技精湛又長得漂亮。 He is known both as a painter and as a statesman. 他是知名的畫家及政治家。 He succeeded both because he was industrious and because he had many friends to help him. 他的成功是由于勤勉和許多朋友的幫助。 Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他對結(jié)果都很滿意。 Helen ordered both fried chicken and salad in the fast-food restaurant. 海倫在快餐店里點了炸雞和色拉。7. . as well as .結(jié)構(gòu). as well as .說明此句型意為“既又”。這是對等，可連接對等的單字、和；若連接時，要跟著第一個做變化。 She can speak Japanese as well as English. 她會說日語和英語。 Obviously he is interested in music as well as (in) painting.顯然他對音樂和繪畫都有興趣。 He succeeded because he was industrious as well as because he had many friends to help him. 他的成功是由于勤勉和許多朋友的幫助。 He as well as I is satisfied with the result. 他和我都滿意這樣的結(jié)果。8. . as well.結(jié)構(gòu)主詞動詞as well說明此句型意為“也是”。as well 一般置于句尾。 Often life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well. 大都市外面的生活步調(diào)往往是緩慢得多，這在其它國家也是真的那樣。 She is not only good at mathematics, but she is interested in English as well. 她不但擅長數(shù)學(xué)，而且對英語也感到興趣。 Tom is very unfriendly to me as well. 湯姆對我也很不友善。9. as soon as .結(jié)構(gòu)as soon as .說明此句型意為“一就”。為，引導(dǎo)，修飾。等于“no sooner . than .”或“hardlyscarcelywhenbefore”。 As soon as she arrived in the city, she phoned her friend.她一到這個城市，就給她的朋友打電話。 As soon as I have time, I will call you up. 我一有空，就會打電話給你。 Tell me as soon as you have finished. 你一完成就告訴我。10. no sooner . than .結(jié)構(gòu)no sooner . than .說明此句型意為“一就”。為，引導(dǎo)，修飾。no sooner 為，置于句首時，與必須倒裝。 He had no sooner come than she left. 他一來，她就離開。 No sooner had I left the shop than a man came to me and asked me if my name was Peter. 我一離開商店，就有一位男士向我走來，問我是不是叫彼得。 No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick. 他剛抵達就病倒了。 I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. 我剛走到外面就開始下雨了。11. hardly . when .結(jié)構(gòu)hardly/scarcely . when/before .說明此句型意為“一就”。為，引導(dǎo)，修飾。hardly，scarcely 為，置于句首時，與必須倒裝。 John had hardly opened the door when his guests arrived. 約翰剛打開門他的客人就到了。 Scarcely had I washed the car before the sky rumbled with thunder. 我剛洗車天空就打雷了。 Hardly had I gone out of the hotel when I met my friend.我剛走出飯店就遇見了我的朋友。 Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying. 她一聽到這悲傷的消息，就失聲痛哭。12. now that . V .結(jié)構(gòu)now that主詞動詞說明此句型意為“因為既然”。now that 是，that 可省略，意思是 since（因為）或 seeing（that）（既然），引導(dǎo)，修飾。 Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while. 既然有空，我可以享受一下音樂。 I want to work now that I am well again. 我想去工作因為我又健康了。 Now that there is a new tunnel, the road is less dangerous.既然有了一個新的隧道，這條路就比較不危險了。 Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents help. 既然你已是個大學(xué)生了，就應(yīng)當學(xué)著獨立，不靠父母的幫助。13. not . because .結(jié)構(gòu)not . because .說明此句型意為“并非因為而”。使用本時，because 之前不可有逗點，否則意思完全不同；有時得從 because 的邏輯來判斷意思。 You must not despise a man because he is poor. 你不可因一個人貧窮而輕視他。 I do not love him because he is rich. (I love him not because he is rich.) 我不是因為他有錢才愛他的。 I do not respect him because he is playful. 我不尊敬他，因為他貪玩。 I do not respect him because he is knowledgeable. 我并非因為他有學(xué)問而尊敬他。14. not that . but that .結(jié)構(gòu)(It is) not that . but that .說明此句型意為“并非而是”。It is 通常予以省略。 Not that I dislike the task, but that I am not equal to it. 并非我不喜歡這工作，而是我無法勝任。 Believe it or not, not that I dont love Mary, but that I love my country (all the) more. 信不信由你，并非我不愛瑪麗，而是我更愛我的國家。 Not that I hate the work. Im not strong enough for it. 并非我討厭這份工作，而是我不夠強壯，無法勝任。15. so that . may .結(jié)構(gòu)so that/in order that . may .說明此句型意為“以便”。此為表示目的的 so that，in order that 所引導(dǎo)的 。so that 總是置于之后，而 in order that 置于前后均可，且較為強調(diào)。通常使用 may，也使用 can（could），shall（should），will（would）等。若與相同時，可變成，即“so as to原形”或“in order to原形”。 Read the questions carefully so that you may not make a mistake in the test. 考試時要仔細看清楚題目，以免犯錯。 We turned on the light so that we might see (=so as to see) what it was. 我們把燈打開，以便看看它是什么。 I study hard, so that I may not fail in the examinations. 我用功，免得考不及格。 My father works hard in order that he may support us. 我父親辛苦地工作為了養(yǎng)家。 Ive decided to learn photography in order that I may better appreciate the beauty of nature. 我決定學(xué)攝影以便更能欣賞自然的美。 I came in order that I might/could see May. (=I came in order to see May.) 我來是因為能見到梅。 We must find out the customs of other countries, so that they will not think us ill mannered. 我們必須知道別的國家的習(xí)俗，免得他們會認為我們是沒有禮貌的。16. lest . (should) .結(jié)構(gòu)lest . (should) .說明此句型意為“以免”。等于“for fear (that) . should”。lest 為，引導(dǎo)，在該中，只能用 should，但 should 可省略，直接接原形。 I got up early lest I (should) miss the train. 我早起以免錯過了火車。 We talked in a low voice lest we should wake the baby up. 我們小聲說話以免吵醒嬰兒。 Hide it lest he (should) see it. 把它藏起來免得他看見。 He took a flashlight lest it should get dark before he returned. 為了預(yù)防回來以前天就黑了，所以他帶著手電筒。 Be careful for fear (that) you should be misunderstood. 請小心點不要被誤會了。17. . in case . should .結(jié)構(gòu). in case . should .說明此句型意為“唯恐；以防萬一”。in case 是“唯恐（lest）；萬一（if）”之意，做，引導(dǎo)，與 should 并用，以修飾。in case 置于句首，也可當 if 使用。 I stopped suddenly in case he should think that I was showing off. 我突然停住，唯恐他會認為我是在炫耀。 They watched him closely in case he should escape. 他們嚴密監(jiān)視他，惟恐他會逃脫。 In case (=If) I forget, please remind me. 萬一我忘記，請?zhí)嵝盐摇?Write the telephone number down in case you forget. 把電話號碼寫下來以免忘了。18. . so . that .結(jié)構(gòu)so形容詞副詞that說明此句型意為“如此以致”。此為表示因果關(guān)系的，引導(dǎo)。so 后也可接單數(shù)，即“soathat”。so 所引導(dǎo)的詞類置于句首時，要采用倒裝句構(gòu)，如例句5和6。該句型與“too . to .”句型可以互相改寫，如例句1所示。 Kevin is so sick that he cant come to class. (=Kevin is too sick to come to class.) 克文病得嚴重以致無法來上課。 The dog is so gentle that I am not afraid of it. 這只狗如此溫馴，因此我不感到害怕。 She studied so hard that she passed the exam. 她這么用功，所以通過了考試。 He is so good a boy that we like him. 他是個這么好的男孩，所以我們都喜歡他。 So nice is he that I like him. 他是這么好，因此我喜歡他。 So exciting was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals. 比賽是如此令人興奮，以致我把即將來臨的期末考忘得一乾二凈。19. so many/few . that .結(jié)構(gòu)so manyfew復(fù)數(shù)名詞that說明此句型意為“如此多少的以致”。若是不可數(shù)名詞，則用“so muchlittle不可數(shù)名詞that”。此為表示因果關(guān)系的，引導(dǎo)。so 可修飾表數(shù)量的 many，much，few，little。so 所引導(dǎo)的詞類置于句首時，要采用倒裝句構(gòu)。 I have so much work to do that I cant go out with you.我有這么多工作要做，因此不能和你出去。 So many languages can he speak that he should have no problem traveling around the world. 他會說這么多種語言，因此環(huán)游世界毫無問題。 There is so little time left that I dont think I can finish it as scheduled. 剩下這么少的時間，我想我不能按時完成。 He has so few friends that his life is lonely. 他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤單。20. such . that .結(jié)構(gòu)such名詞that說明此句型意為“如此以致”。此為表示因果關(guān)系的，引導(dǎo)。such 之后可接任何。such 所引導(dǎo)的詞類置于句首時，要采用倒裝句構(gòu)。 Do not think that Americans are in such a hurry that they are unfriendly. 不要認為美國人如此匆忙是不友善的。 He always talks in such a way that everyone dislikes him. 他總是用這樣得方式說話，所以每個人都討厭他。 He was such an impatient driver (=He was so impatient a driver) that he went through the red light. 他是這樣沒有耐心的司機，所以他闖紅燈了。 Such a good article did he write that he won the award.他的這篇文章寫得這么好，因此獲獎。 They are such good boys that we like them. 他們是這么好的男孩，所以我們都喜歡他們。 It is such good music that I enjoy it. 這么好的音樂我喜歡。21. as much so as N結(jié)構(gòu)as much so as名詞說明此句型意為“像一樣”。 I am poor as much so as a church mouse. 我窮得像教堂的老鼠。 She is lovely as much so as an angel. 她可愛得像個天使。 The price of this gem is expensive as much so as astronomical figures. 這個寶石的價格十分昂貴簡直是個天文數(shù)字。22. so much so that .結(jié)構(gòu)so much so that主詞動詞說明此句型意為“如此所以”。第一個 so 是“如此地”，第二個 so 是，代表前面提過的某一個觀念。 Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today so much so that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered extraordinary. 當今用手做東西，在許多國家已經(jīng)成為很特殊如此地特殊，以致贈送自制禮物有時被認為是不尋常的。 He is richso much so that he can buy anything he wants. 他有錢如此有錢。所以他可以買任何他要的東西。 Tom is cleverso much so that he can solve most of the problems. 湯姆聰明聰明地可以解決大多數(shù)這些問題。23. though/although .結(jié)構(gòu)though/although .說明此句型意為“雖然但是”。though 或 although 均為，引導(dǎo)，修飾，可置于的前后。若使用 though 或 although，就不可再使用 but，反之亦然，以避免雙重連接；但可以用 yet，此時的 yet 做；though 也可當用，置于句尾，但前面要加逗點，表“然而”之意。 Although (he was) cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. 雖然和友人在一起是愉快的，但他私下卻常常很悲傷。 Though old, he walks as fast as a young man. 雖然年老，他走起路來像年輕人一樣快。 Though he often plays hooky, he does well in study. 他經(jīng)常逃學(xué)，然而他的功課卻很好。 Although very rich in his youth, he is now as poor as a church mouse. 雖然年輕時很有錢，他現(xiàn)在窮得像教堂的老鼠。 She didnt put on an overcoat though it was very cold outside.外頭雖冷，她卻沒披件外套。 Though he is nice, (yet) I dont like him. (=He is nice; I dont like him, though.) 他很好，然而我不喜歡他。24. even if/even though .結(jié)構(gòu)even if/even though .說明此句型意為“即使，雖然”。也是，引導(dǎo)，用法與 though，although 相同，也不可與 but 并用。注意：無 even although 的用法。 Even if it will take me six weeks, I am determined to finish the job. 即使這工作要花掉我六個星期的時間，我仍決心要把它完成。 Even if he said so, you need not believe him. 即使他這么說，你大可不必相信他。 Even though you do not like it, you must do it. 即使你不喜歡這工作，你也得做。Even though he tried, he still lagged behind other runners.盡管他努力了，仍落在其它賽跑者之后。 Even though I hadnt seen my classmate for many years, I recognized him immediately. 即使多年沒有看見我的同學(xué)，我也馬上認出了他。 They couldnt, even if they would, get out of trouble by themselves. 即使他們想（擺脫），也無法獨立擺脫困難。25. Poor as he is, .結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞as主詞be 動詞，說明此句型意為“雖然，但是”。等于“thoughbe ”。 Poor as he is (=Though he is poor), he doesnt feel inferior.雖然他窮，他并不覺得低人一等。 Tired as she was, she kept doing it. 她雖然累了，仍繼續(xù)做下去。 Nice as he is, I dont like him. 雖然他很好，但我不喜歡他。 Stern as he is, he is full of sympathy. 雖然他嚴格，卻富有同情心。 Young as he was, he was prudent. 他雖然如此年輕，卻很慎重。 Surprised as he was at the news, he kept it secret all the week. 這消息雖然令他吃驚，但他卻整個禮拜都沒說出來。26. Hard as he worked, .結(jié)構(gòu)副詞（動詞）as主詞動詞，（yet）說明此句型意為“雖然，但是”。等于“though（）”。Hard as he worked (=Though he worked hard), he failed in the exam.雖然他很用功，考試仍失敗了。 Much as she loved him (=Though she loved him very much), he deserted her in the long run. 雖然她很愛他，但最后他仍拋棄了她。 Much as the sheep look alike, the old man can tell one from another. 雖然綿羊看起來很相像，但那位老人仍能一一區(qū)別。 Much as I like her, I wont marry her. 我雖然很喜歡她，卻不打算娶她。 Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant. 雖然他功課很好，卻一點都不傲慢。 Much as we may take pride on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose things (that) we want.雖然我們對我們高尚的品味感到非常得意，我們卻不再能自由地去選擇我們所要的東西。 Much as I hope I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as before. 雖然我非常希望增加體重，但我仍然像以前一樣的瘦。 Fast as you do, you cant finish the assignment in two hours. 盡管你做得快，總也不能在兩小時內(nèi)將功課做完。 Search as I would, I could not find the book. 無論我怎么找，也沒有找到書。 Try as you might, you cant keep the lost time. 不管你怎么努力，失去的時間無法趕上。 Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements. 他雖然啃著蘋果，但卻很留神地監(jiān)視著她的每一個動作。27. Good student as he is, .結(jié)構(gòu)名詞as主詞be 動詞，說明此句型意為“雖然，但是”。等于“thoughbe ”。若 be 之后的是單數(shù)，移至句首后要省略。 Good students as they were (=Though they were good students), they sometimes erred. 雖然他們是好學(xué)生，偶而也會犯錯。 Good student as he is (=Though he is a good student), he sometimes makes mistakes. 雖然他是好學(xué)生，偶而也會犯錯。 Coward as he is (=Though he is a coward), he cant bear such an insult. 雖然他是懦夫，卻無法忍受這樣的侮辱。28. Try as you may, .結(jié)構(gòu)原形動詞asthough主詞may，說明此句型意為“雖然，但是”。等于“thoughmay原形”；此類變化僅限于句中有 may 時。Try as he may (=Though he may try), he will definitely fail.雖然他會嘗試去做，但無疑他必失敗。 Try as she may, she is not necessarily able to talk him out of smoking. 雖然她會嘗試，卻未必能說服他戒煙。 Try as you may, you will find it impossible to solve the problem. 雖然你會嘗試，但你會發(fā)現(xiàn)要解決這個問題是不可能的。29. whether . or .結(jié)構(gòu)whether . or .說明此句型意為“不論是還是”。whether 引導(dǎo)的句尾可用 or，以連接對等的單字、。whether 中的若與相同時，則該可省略；whether 的句構(gòu)若為“be ”，而又對稱時，則可保留“or”，其余部分則省略。 Whether he will stay or leave, I really dont care. 我真的不在意他要留下來還是要走。 Whether the news is true or false, I wont change my plan. 不管消息是真是假，我是不會改變計劃的。 Whether (she is) sick or fine, she is always cheerful. 不管她生不生病，她總是開開心心的。 (Whether we are) Rich or poor, we are all equal. 人不分貧富一律平等。 Rain or shine, the game will be held as scheduled. 不論下不下雨，比賽照常舉行。Waking or sleeping, the matter is always in my mind.不論是醒著還是睡著，這件事時常浮在我的腦中。30. whether . or not結(jié)構(gòu)whether主詞動詞or not說明此句型意為“不論還是不”。“whether . or not”稱為，連接詞性相同的單字，或，當“whether . or .”中的 or 之后對等的單字或若相同時，該單字或可省略，而以 not 代替；or not 也可省略；也可寫成 whether or not。 Theres always weather, weather, whether we like it or not. 老是有各種各樣的天氣，不論我們喜歡不喜歡。 Whether you will go (or not), please call me up. 不論你去不去，請打電話給我。 Whether he will come (or not), we will go on with our plan. 不管他來不來，我們?nèi)园丛媱澾M行。 I have decided to buy a bicycle, whether it is expensive or not. 我已經(jīng)決定買一部腳踏車，不論貴不貴。 Whether you believe it or not, I passed the exam. 不管你信不信，反正我通過了考試。 Whether he wanted it or not, he had to attend the lecture. 不管他愿意與否，他非得去參加講座。 Whether or not he will stay, I really dont care. 他要留下來還是要走，我真的不在意。 He is always happy whether rich or not. 不管窮還是富，他都快活。31. . or otherwise結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞or otherwise說明此句型意為“（不論）或不”。otherwise 表示和相反的意義。 Two characters are in disagreement, serious or otherwise, over some matter. 兩個人物為某件事情發(fā)生了嚴重或不嚴重的沖突。 You must accept the result, satisfactory or otherwise. 你必須接受這個令人滿意或不滿意的結(jié)果。 The task assigned, dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as scheduled. 所指派的工作，危險或不危險，必須如期完成。32. as . V .結(jié)構(gòu)as主詞動詞說明此句型意為“按照；如”。as 是，等于“in the same way that”。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入境隨俗。 Do as you are told. (=Do as I tell you.) 照我吩咐的做！ She cooks omelets in butter as they do in France. 她用奶油做法國式的蛋卷。33. As it is .結(jié)構(gòu)As it is .說明此句型意為“事實上”。As it is . 作，置于句首，修飾后面的。等于 In fact 或 As a matter of fact。 I thought he would get better. As it is, he is getting worse. 我以為他會變好。但事實上，他愈變愈糟。 He is