牛津初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納.doc

牛津初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納 7A Unit 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (is /am/are, do / does)的肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)形式。 例：My hair is long. Cats eat fish. He goes to school on foot every day. 7A Unit 2 1人稱代詞 主格 ：I , you , he, she, it, we, they. 在句中作主語(yǔ)。 例： We/ I / You/ They have lunch at school. He / She/ It looks at me. 2人稱代詞 賓格 ：me, you, him, her, it, us, them在句中作賓語(yǔ)。 例： The teacher often helps us / me/ him/ her/ them. 7A Unit 3 時(shí)間介詞 at, on, in 疑問(wèn)詞：what, which, who, whose, when, where, why, how some, any 的用法 7A Unit 4 頻率副詞 never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always There be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某個(gè)地方客觀存在”。 7A Unit 5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) is/ am/are + doing 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. 7A Unit 6 can , may表示“允許、可以”。 順序副詞： first, then, next, afterwards, finally. 7B Unit 1 方位介詞：in front of, between, next to, between, opposite, on 基數(shù)詞：one, two, three, four, 序數(shù)詞：first, second, third, fourth. 7B Unit 2 how much, how many.表示“多少”， 前者跟不可數(shù)名詞，后者跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 名詞所有格: Millies home, The two students homes. 形容詞性物主代詞：my, your, his , her, our, their, its 名詞性物主代詞：mine, yours, his, her, ours, theirs, its 4. 定冠詞the的用法: 獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，前文已提到過(guò)的。 7B Unit 3 動(dòng)作介詞： across, along, through, over, to, up, down, round, from 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will +動(dòng)詞原形， shall + 動(dòng)詞原形（但只能用于we/ I 第一人稱） is/ am/ are going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 7B Unit 4 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)形式。 be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：was/ were do（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）的過(guò)去式分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩類。 7B Unit 5 用can/ could表示“能力”“會(huì)”。 I can speak English. I could swim when I was young. 用can/ could 表示“可能”“可能性”。 I am free. I can help you. At that time, anything could happen. 感嘆句 What a good girl! What bad weather! How nice it is! 7B Unit 6 祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式： Walk the dog at 7:00. (Please) dont chase the cat. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, ought to & must 的用法 should (應(yīng)該)/ shouldnt(不應(yīng)該)， ought to(應(yīng)該)/ ought not to（不應(yīng)該）, must (必須)/ mustnt (不可以，不允許)。 8A Unit 1 1. 描述性形容詞，如：short, long, round, interesting,funny, slim, important, beautiful等。 2形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 規(guī)則的bigger / the biggest more important/ the most important 不規(guī)則的 worse / the worst 表示“比較”的句式：as + 形容詞+as - “和。一樣” not as / so + 形容詞 + as“。不如?！?8A Unit 2 比較兩者間的數(shù)量用以下句式：more.than, fewer.than., less than 例： I have more / fewer apples than you. (后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞) I have more / less free time than he/ him.（后跟不可數(shù)名詞） 2比較兩者以上間的數(shù)量用 the most, the fewest, the least. 例： Amy scored the most/ fewest points of all. Daniel has the least money of the three. 3用 like & alike 來(lái)比較。例： My skirt is / looks like hers. = My skirt and hers are alike. 4. 用詞組 the same as & be different from來(lái)比較 8A Unit 3 1. and, but, or(或者)的用法。 2. 動(dòng)詞+ to do 這些動(dòng)詞有：plan, agree, want, decide, choose, hope, learn, prepare等。 3反身代詞：myself, yourself, yourselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves 8A Unit 4 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句 1. 用來(lái)描述可能出現(xiàn)的情況，主句時(shí)態(tài)用將來(lái)時(shí)，如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 2用來(lái)描述反復(fù)的、可預(yù)見(jiàn)的情況，主句時(shí)態(tài)用一般時(shí)。如： If tigers are hungry, they attack people. 8A Unit 5 1. 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示“將來(lái)”。如：The train leaves at 9:00. 2用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“將來(lái)”，如：We are leaving for Shanghai this evening. 3方式副詞：quietly, gently, easily, well往往由形容詞+ly變成副詞，如： quiet quietly, easyeasily, possible possibly 少數(shù)副詞和形容詞同形，如：fast, early, long 等。 注意：goodwell, nearnearly , hard - hardly 8A Unit 6 1. 表示原因的連詞：because , as, since. (這些詞放在原因從句之前，主句不能再用so.) 2.表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議的句式：tell / ask / order /advise / warn sb. (not) to do sth. 8B Unit 1 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 結(jié)構(gòu)： have / has + PP 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。 肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)形式 常用的一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：already, ever, for, since, just, never, yet等。 for + 一段時(shí)間， since + 過(guò)去的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間/ 用過(guò)去式的從句，相對(duì)應(yīng)的主句動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：leave - be away, die - be dead, borrow - keep, buyhave, come -be here, join - be in/ be a member of 等。如： He has left already. He has been away for two hours. 8B Unit 2 1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was / were + doing 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的 。 2. 肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)形式. 3. while 和 when在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中的用法： 進(jìn)行時(shí)+ while +進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去式，while + 進(jìn)行時(shí) = when +過(guò)去式，進(jìn)行時(shí) 例：I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. The bell rang while he was reading books. When the bell rang, he was reading books. (以上這兩句主從句前后可以互換) 8B Unit 3 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)：be + PP 時(shí)態(tài)變化都只改變be 的各種形式 肯定、否定和疑問(wèn)形式 不是所有的動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)形式，如感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, look, taste, sound 和 happen, take place 等。 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如: This shirt sells well. （詳細(xì)見(jiàn)課件復(fù)習(xí)） 8B Unit 4 because, because of, so 的用法。 because + 從句， because of +短語(yǔ) (but: what you said), 兩者后都跟原因。 so 后跟結(jié)果的從句。同一句子中，不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)because/ because of和 so. 2hope & wish的用法 hope 所希望的是有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，但wish所希望的是現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 如：I hope you can come to my party. I wish I were the President. 3.主語(yǔ) hope to do sth., 主語(yǔ)hope其他人做某事，要跟從句。 wish可用來(lái)向某人祝福，如： I wish you a happy new year! 8B Unit 5 賓語(yǔ)從句(陳述句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句) used to & be used to 的用法 used to do 意思為：過(guò)去常常，過(guò)去曾。如： He used to be a teacher. He used to get up early. be used to doing / sth.意思為：習(xí)慣于做某事，如： He is used to the bad weather. He is used to getting up early. 8B Unit 6 三個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)： Its +形容詞 + that 從句，如： It is necessary that we help the elderly. Its + 形容詞 + to do sth.， 如： Its useful to learn English well. Its +形容詞+ for sb (not). to do sth.，如： Its necessary for us to protect the environment. 9A Unit 1 1. 句式：It is +形容詞（性格）+of sb.+ (not) to do sth. 如：Its kind of you to help me. 2. 句式： 主語(yǔ)+ be +形容詞+enough + to do sth. 如： They are patient enough to wait for me for 2 hours. 3. 句子的不同成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。 9A Unit 2 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：would ratherthan寧愿。也不愿。 如：On such a rainy day, I would rather stay at home than go out. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：prefer to 寧愿。不愿。， 比起。更喜歡。 如：I prefer red to blue. On such a rainy day, I prefer staying at home to going out. 不定代詞：someone /somebody, anyone / anybody, no one / nobody something, anything, nothing, none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為單數(shù)，形容詞后置。 9A Unit 3 1. 疑問(wèn)詞+ to do 如：I dont know how to do it./ what to do. We havent decided when to have the meeting. 2句子種類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。 3賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We find him a good boy / good. 4. 5種句子結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ) Millie is reading. 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)+ 賓語(yǔ) Millie is reading a book. 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)+ 表語(yǔ) Millie is here. 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)We gave him a book. 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) We call him Tom. 9A Unit 4 1. 介詞短語(yǔ)：between. and., from. to. 2. 連詞：before, after, unt