動(dòng)名詞的用法及練習(xí)題.doc

動(dòng)名詞的用法1動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，由動(dòng)詞 + ing構(gòu)成，否定形式為not doing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。1）作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)，所以，動(dòng)名詞的意義往往是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Smoking may cause cancer. 吸煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火車到杭州要16個(gè)小時(shí)。Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以發(fā)展肌肉。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，對(duì)于一些比較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，一般采用It is 和There is 兩種句式來(lái)表示。例如：Its nice talking with you. 和你談話很高興。 Its no use arguing with him. 跟他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)用。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好很困難。It is no good learning without practice.學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒(méi)好處的。It is worthwhile consulting your teacher again.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。There is no littering about. 不許亂扔雜物。2）作賓語(yǔ)。作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或是一些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（無(wú)法忍受）等動(dòng)詞成詞組后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等動(dòng)詞或詞組可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6. （讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了第五課。）I remember doing the exercise. （我記得做過(guò)練習(xí)。）I must remember to do it. （我必須記著做這事。）I tried not to go there. （我設(shè)法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我試著又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要講話。）He stopped to talk. （他停下來(lái)講話。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些來(lái)。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 動(dòng)詞need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示事情需要做，這時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在love，hate，prefer，like等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無(wú)多大區(qū)別。有時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)指某一具體行為。start，begin，continue在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中多后接動(dòng)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中多后接不定式。3）作表語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的是“某件事”等，可以和主語(yǔ)互換位置。例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （動(dòng)名詞） 他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.讀書(shū)當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí)，然而運(yùn)用在很大程度上更是學(xué)習(xí)。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （動(dòng)名詞） 他們的任務(wù)是在西部探查油礦。 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相混淆。記住：動(dòng)名詞表語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是“某件事”，表“主語(yǔ)是什么”而現(xiàn)在分詞表語(yǔ)表示“主語(yǔ)是什么樣的”。例如：The situation is very much encouraging.（現(xiàn)在分詞） 形勢(shì)非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （現(xiàn)在分詞） 他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。4）作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況并不是很普遍，一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“用于的”或表示“處于某件事情中的”含義。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 閱讀材料walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮針 opening speech 開(kāi)幕詞 listening aid 助聽(tīng)器 waiting room 候車室 running water 自來(lái)水 2，練習(xí)題、單項(xiàng)選擇：1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here. - You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5.His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12.As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remember _ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；post B. hearing；to postC. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were15.We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite C. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? Im trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen18.Id like to suggest _ the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage _ the work without _.A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being done B. doing；doingC. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted _ the work.A. finish B. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I _ it at home. Then I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take B. may leave；takingC. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his fathe