小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí).doc

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1、26個(gè)字母（聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)過(guò)關(guān)）（所有的大寫(xiě)字母占上兩格）:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZab cde fgh i jklm n opq rs tu vwx yz2、日常問(wèn)候: Hello, Hi How are you? How do you do? Good morning. (afternoon, evening , night)3、介紹自己: I am _. My name is_. Im from_. I (dont)like_. I can (cant)_. 4、人稱(chēng)代詞及對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞。第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)I（我）we（我們）you（你）you（你們）he（他）she（她）it（它）they（他們）物主My(我的)Our(我們的)your（你的）your（你們的）his（他的）her（她的）its（它的）their(他們的)賓格me（我）us（我們）you（你）you（你們）him（他）her（她）it（它）them（他們）5、be/系動(dòng)詞 am , is , are 及用法：我用am，你用are，is連著他、她、它。I am You are He(she , it) is .6、120的數(shù)詞: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.7、姓名及年齡問(wèn)答: (1) -Whats your name? -Whats his name? -Whats her name? -My name is_. -His name is_. -Her name is _. -I am _. -He is _. -She is _.(2) -How old are you? -How old is he? -How old is she? -Im _. -He is _. -She is _.8、時(shí)間:年、季節(jié)、月、星期、日、時(shí)(1)Year: 1982,1998,2001, (2)Season: spring, summer, autumn, winter.(3)Month: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.(4)Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.(5)Day: 1st May (the first of May),May 2nd ( May the second)(6)Time: What time is it?Its _ oclock. Its half past _.9、顏色問(wèn)答: What color is it?Its red (white, black, blue, green, pink, orange, yellow)10、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞“有” have, has:I have .我有. You have .你（們）有. They have他們有He has .他有. She has . 她有. It has它有.11、代詞 this(這個(gè)), these(這些), that(那個(gè)), those(那些), what(什么).12、There be 句型:There is / There are 13、特殊疑問(wèn)句: What(什么), When(何時(shí)), Who(誰(shuí)), Where(哪里), Why(為什么), How many(有多少)相關(guān)句型: (1) Whats thirty and forty? Its seventy. (2) When are we going to eat? We are going to eat at half past twelve.(3) Who is that woman? She is our English teacher. (4) Where are you from? I am from China. (5) Why are you crying? Because I am sad. (6) How old are you? Im twelve. (7) How much is it? Its 50 yuan. (8) How many cars have you got?I have got 6 cars. (9) How long is the Great Wall? Its about six thousands seven hundreds kilometers. (10) How big is Beijing? Beijing has got about fourteen millions people.14、be going to,will (打算、將要)句型:I am going to go to school. / It will be windy in Beijing.15、特殊問(wèn)句（問(wèn)什么，答什么）Do you ? ( Does he/she ? )Yes, I do. / No, I dont. ( Yes he does. / No, he doesnt. )Have you got ? ( Has he got ? ) Yes, I have. / No, I havent. ( Yes he has. / No, he hasnt. )Can you ?Yes, I can. / No, I cant.Is there a book?Yes, there is. / No, there isnt.16、祈使句：(直接以動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，帶有命令、要求或勸告的語(yǔ)氣) Dont talk in the library! Please be quiet! Stop! Dont go!17、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化：名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，一般加-s沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。 詞尾s, x, sh, ch,直接加上-es。 f, fe為結(jié)尾，加-s之前要變ve。 輔音字母y來(lái)結(jié)尾，y變i再加-es沒(méi)問(wèn)題。 部分詞尾字母若是o，加-es有tomato和potato。(2)不規(guī)則變化:不規(guī)則變化要特別記，oo常常變ee, foot -feet;男人、女人a改e, manmen; 特殊childchildren等。(3)不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)使用原型。如：water, juice, soup, bread, rice, meat, cheese, fish, sheep18、四種簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：I play football. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：be going to/will 句型: I am going to go to school.It will be windy in Beijing. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：句型：I bought you a book. We went to the park yesterday. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：be+動(dòng)詞ing 句型：I am doing my homework.介 詞意義：1、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上”，或用在固定詞組中。如：at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的時(shí)間段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in表示“在某一段時(shí)間（月份、季節(jié)）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20053、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿著藍(lán)色的衣服）in English（用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)）take part in（參加）。4、before：在之前 wei hua got up before 7 oclock this morning .今天早晨，魏華在7點(diǎn)之前起床了。5、after：在之后 after that ,no noe should ever kill a seagull . 從那時(shí)起，任何人不得捕殺海鷗。6、by：在前(時(shí)間)，截止(到) by the time i arrived ,she had already gone . 在我到達(dá)之前，她已經(jīng)走了。7、for：達(dá)之久(表示過(guò)了多少時(shí)間),可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)，將來(lái)時(shí)連用，但是經(jīng)常和完成時(shí)連用。florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest . 弗洛淪斯常常工作24小時(shí)而不休息。(10）from：從起(時(shí)間)the worders work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人們從早7點(diǎn)工作到晚7點(diǎn)。2、表示地點(diǎn)（at、in、on 、under、over、above、near、behind、in 、from)(1)at:在某地點(diǎn)(表示比較狹窄的場(chǎng)所) at school上學(xué) at home在家 at 320 xinfu district 在新?lián)釁^(qū)320號(hào) at the station 在火車(chē)站 (2)in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場(chǎng)所) she will arrive in shanghai at ten .10點(diǎn)她將到達(dá)上海。(3)表示地點(diǎn)方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,belowon:在上面，有接觸面 on the table 在桌子上面above:在上方sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees.有時(shí)朱莉安娜能聽(tīng)到樹(shù)林上空的飛機(jī)聲。over:在正上方，是under的反義詞 over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在這些墳?zāi)股?，他們建起了金字塔。under：在下面，在之內(nèi) the twin sisters put the basket under the tree .這姐倆把籃子放到了樹(shù)下。below：在下方，(不一定是正下方) three thousand metres below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .3000米以下，除了茂密的叢林之外，她什么也看不見(jiàn)。(4)near ,near:近的，不遠(yuǎn)的(=not far)是的反義詞,near還可以指時(shí)間，in the near future在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)。 greens lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一個(gè)小湖?？?訣口訣1:年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號(hào)要用on，上午下午又是in。要說(shuō)某日上下午，用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏用at，黎明用它也不借。 at也在時(shí)分前?？谠E2: in在里， out在外，在旁邊的是beside，靠近的為by 。 on在上， under在下， above在上頭， below在底下?？谠E3: this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣。 over、under正上下，above、below則不然，若與數(shù)量詞連用，混合使用亦無(wú)關(guān)。 beyond超出、無(wú)、不能，against靠著，對(duì)與反。besides，except分內(nèi)外，among之內(nèi)along沿。同類(lèi)比較except，加for異類(lèi)記心間?？谠E4:before、after表一點(diǎn), ago、later表一段。 before能接完成時(shí)，ago過(guò)去極有限。 since以來(lái)during間，since時(shí)態(tài)多變換。 與之相比beside，除了last but one。 口訣5：早、午、晚要用in 例：in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分用at例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候at noon 在中午at night 在夜間at midnight 在午夜at six oclock 在6點(diǎn)鐘at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7點(diǎn)半at half past eleven 在11點(diǎn)半at nine fifteen 在9點(diǎn)15分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點(diǎn)30分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周用in。例；in 1986 在1986年in 1927 在1927年in april 在四月in march 在三月in december 1986 1986年12月in july l983 1983年7月in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semester 這學(xué)期的第一周in the third week 在第三周陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、冒 雨用in，在陽(yáng)光下，在燈下，在樹(shù)陰下，穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用in。例：dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書(shū)。they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他們?cè)诿髁恋臒艄庀聫?fù)習(xí)功課。they are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹(shù)陰下乘涼。he went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車(chē)站去接我。in the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽(yáng)光下 the woman in white 穿著白色衣服的婦女將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)in.以后 例: they will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以后回來(lái)。ill come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來(lái)。 well be back in no time. 我們一會(huì)兒就回來(lái)。come and see me in two days time. 兩天后來(lái)看我。(從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始) 小處at大處in im in shunde, at ronggui. 我住在順德容桂 練一練：1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) Whats this ( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds ( on, in )