第六節(jié) 介詞的翻譯費下載.doc

第六節(jié) 介詞的翻譯一、介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動詞1.將英語介詞譯成漢語動詞by train 乘火車 toward the south朝南against the proposal 反對該項提議 within ones power盡力around the center圍繞中心 of necessity有必要before everything居于首位 through the ages古往今來off shore離岸 up the wind頂著風(fēng)for principled unity主張有原則的團結(jié) above classes超階級 with a smile 笑了一笑 on the wrong track走錯了路子in the rain淋著雨 without a handle缺了一個把from the masses, to the masses從群眾中來，到群眾中去2.英語介詞與漢語動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換有三類：（1）表語性介詞短語（2）表原因、目的、方式、手段的狀語性介詞短語（3）補語性介詞短語（1） 表語性介詞短語每個介詞都有一批可作表語用的短語，都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動詞。以at為例：to be at anchor 拋下錨 to be at a pinch極有必要to be at leisure閑著，有空 to be at work上班、工作to be at the cinema看電影to be at this rate照這樣下去to be at ease 安心 to be at sb.s service聽候（某人）吩咐to be at peace處在和平時期 to be at war with與（）交戰(zhàn)to be at variance with sb. 與（）有分歧to be at play游戲to be at ones mercy聽從（）擺布 to be at sb.s expense由（）擔(dān)負(fù)開支 (2) 表原因、目的、方式、手段的狀語性介詞短語以for為例：to leave Beijing for Shanghai離京去滬以as為例：to work as an apprentice當(dāng)學(xué)徒以with為例：to do sth. with a good intention懷著善意以out of為例：to do it out of right senses出于良知以off為例：to get off the track離題以by為例：to do sth. by force用武力做某事以over為例：to stay over the weekend過了周末再走以on為例：to act on sb.s advice 按照（）建議辦事 to do sth. on ones authority依仗（）權(quán)威做某事to read on end沒完沒了地讀下去to go out on a spree出外尋歡作樂to rack ones brains on a case 為處理某一案件大傷腦筋 to act on impulse憑沖動辦事to set ones teeth on edge發(fā)出嘎吱嘎吱的刺耳聲（使人難以忍受） to promise sth. on ones honor用名譽擔(dān)保(3)補語性介詞短語(補充說明賓語的行為、性狀、處所等)如：to arrange troops for battle部署部隊準(zhǔn)備作戰(zhàn)to ask sb. about his intention詢問某人有什么打算to let sb. into the secret讓某人了解其中的秘密to exhort sb. to sth.勉勵某人做某事to name sb. for some position提名某人擔(dān)任某職to nominate sb. to the vacant post推薦某人填補空缺to take sb. about the city領(lǐng)著某人游覽該市作業(yè)：1） Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.(A.L.Strong)2） “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.3） Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.4） We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely old sleeping town.5） The judge sat in the dining-room amid his morning mail.二緊扣介詞詞義，添加語義補足詞1）I did not hear much of him.關(guān)于他的情況， 我聽到的不多。2) I could hear her voice distinctly amidst the din of the crowds.盡管人群擁擠， 我還是能在一片嘈雜聲中清楚地聽到她的聲音。3) He is already past recovery.他已經(jīng)沒有康復(fù)的希望了。4) Try and get round him.盡力說服他，爭取他同意吧。5) The spectacle unfolded to the music.奇景伴隨著音樂，展現(xiàn)在人們的眼前。6) I dont think he did all this within reason.我認(rèn)為他這一切所作所為并不是在理智健全的情況下干的。7) Well, he is often zonked out on something-alcohol, this time.是啊，他常常是那么迷迷糊糊， 象中了什么邪-這次，是喝多了幾杯酒。8) These men are really something. They get in with you before they can cash in on your innocence. 這些人真有一套。他們先對你來軟的，然后利用你的無知從中獲利。三.運用反說法，將介詞短語譯成否定式1.正說反說的變換是翻譯中變通說法以利行文的重要手段。英語中除了一些具有明顯的反說詞義的介詞（如without, despite, except,notwithstanding等）外，很多介詞都有反說式。如：above price 無價的 above such actions無須采取這樣的行動after a while不久 against any compromise不贊成作任何妥協(xié)go athwart ones purpose與目的不同 before long不久 barring those items不包括以上項目 behind the times不合時宜below sea level 不及海平面 beneath attention不值得注意beyond compare 無法相比 by the years end不遲于年底inside of a week 不到一周 near navy blue與海軍藍差不多off duty不當(dāng)班 out of sight看不見outside the law不包括在法律范圍內(nèi) well over fifty還不止50past bearing忍受不了 under fifty不到50within ten miles不到10英里at variance with與不一致 beyond the reach of為力所不及in default of由于沒有 in defiance of 無視、不顧 independent of 不依靠、不以為轉(zhuǎn)移 in disregard of不顧in spite of不顧 in (the ) face of不顧、面對irrespective of 不顧 out of keeping with與不協(xié)調(diào)out of proportion to (with )與不相稱 without regard to不考慮2.在英譯漢中將介詞譯成正說式或反說式取決于：（1）是否能準(zhǔn)確達意，（2）是否符合漢語傳統(tǒng)的表達習(xí)慣。（1）表示否定假設(shè)、否定條件（“如果不是”、“要不是”、“若非”、“若無”、“無非”）時（a） But for your efficiency, our timely communication should have been impossible. 若無貴方之高效率工作，敝公司必不可能得到及時的通知。(b) Without health, happiness is impossible. 沒有健康，就沒有快樂。(c) He never gets angry unless when his patience gets frayed. 他從不生氣，除非到了忍無可忍的地步。（e）But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.要不是下雨，我們那次旅行就愜意了。(2)在現(xiàn)代漢語中，“除外”有兩種，一種“除此以外還有”（計算在內(nèi)，如：besides, in addition to, as well as ），還有一種“除沒有以外，其他都有”（計算在外，如：but, except, except for, barring, save, saving）。翻譯時必須注意,后者宜反說，以免引起詞義含混。（a）He is a very promising lawyer besides being good at language.他不只是長于語文， 而且是一個很有發(fā)展前途的律師。(b) Its anything but bad.這根本不是什么壞事。(c) The meeting will not be held barring your approval.未經(jīng)你同意，會議是不會開的。(d) She is on the whole generous and friendly except that she is a bit frippery from time to time.整個說來她這個人還是大方友善的，只不過有時有點俗氣。（3）按漢語表達習(xí)慣，超過某種限度或提出建議、規(guī)定、辦法以防止越出某種限度或出現(xiàn)某種情況時，多用否定式。（a） The team has been trained off against all chances.由于訓(xùn)練過度，體力不支，該隊沒有任何取勝的希望了。（b） No one will survive the shake-up except those who are obviously above suspicion.（c） 除了那些實在不可能涉嫌者外，沒有人能幸免于這次整頓了。（d） Ive asked you again and again to go it alone against any involvement in those messy cases.（e）我反復(fù)跟你說過自己干自己的，千萬不要與那些混亂的案子有任何瓜葛。四、運用比較句式，即使用漢語介詞“比、較、比較”現(xiàn)代英語中表達“比較”概念的介詞有than, after, before, to, like, with, under, beneath, below, above, beyond, over, against to, behind, of, by comparison, beyond comparison with, in comparison with, in contrast with, in contrast to等。1. Are you suggesting that his paper is just above the middling? Well I think its rather above his normal work.你是不是說他的論文只不過比中等水平的好一點？但我認(rèn)為他這一次比平時寫得好多了。2. Mrs. Black couldnt stand any one before her sons superiority.3.布萊克夫人不能容忍任何人比她的兒子強。4. He is quite strong now to what he used to be.他比過去強壯多了。5. There is nothing like exercise for making you warm.6.沒有比運動更能使你感到暖和的了。7. More people have laughed over and cried over the books of Dickens than of perha