2012屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)十七：連-詞

2012屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)十七：連 詞連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。并列連詞是連接主語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語(yǔ)法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。（一）并列連詞：并列連詞可用來連接詞與詞，詞組與詞組，分句與分句。常用的并列連詞有：and（和），as well as（既又），both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因?yàn)椋瑂o（所以），while（而），when（這時(shí)）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光榮的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.（二）從屬連詞從屬連詞是指在復(fù)合句中引導(dǎo)從句的連結(jié)詞。常見的從屬連詞有：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的：because, since, as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的：although, though, no matter（無(wú)論）, even if (though)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的：so that , such that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的：so that , in order that 引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的：as as , not so (as) as , than 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的：as if 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有：that, whether, if三個(gè)。其中that 和whether間或還可以引起同位從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。（三）某些用法比較特殊的從屬連詞用法區(qū)別1、當(dāng)while, when, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)。while 的這些用法可用when代替，等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying； when除可指一段時(shí)間外，還可用來指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，等于 “at the time”，也就是說when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是終止性的，也可以延續(xù)性的。因此主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)可以是一般時(shí)，進(jìn)行時(shí)，或完成時(shí)。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能換成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可換成while）as常可與when，while通用，但強(qiáng)調(diào)“一邊、一邊”。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，主、謂是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. when有時(shí)代替if，引導(dǎo)條件句，意為“如果”、“假如”，例如：Ill come when (if) Im free.2、before作連詞一般表示時(shí)間，意為“在之前”，但有些句子中這樣譯就顯得別扭。試看以下句子的翻譯：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他幾乎把我撞倒才看見我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話，他已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。3、till, until作為介詞式從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，用于否定句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為not until (till)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)與非延續(xù)皆可，意為“直到才”。用于肯定句時(shí)，只與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示“到為止”。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）until (till) the interpreter（譯員）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till則不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒裝）；till, until只用于時(shí)間，以下句子是錯(cuò)誤的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。4、because, since, as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)注意使用上的區(qū)別：如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。用why提問的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；如原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin.5、although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往用法一樣，但注意以下區(qū)別：although用于各種文體，而though則多用于非正式的口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)中。注意由although, though引導(dǎo)的從句后，主句不能用but，但可用副詞yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）though常與even連用，even though表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“即使”，但不能說even although，例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I dept smiling. though可用作副詞，意為“然而”，常用逗號(hào)與句子分開。although則不能這樣使用，它只作連詞。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.6、once作副詞譯“曾經(jīng)”，作為連詞譯“一旦”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。相當(dāng)于if的加強(qiáng)形式。例如：I dont believe he was once a thief. (once這里是副詞)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once連詞)7、unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句等于if not 。例如：Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.)8、在用as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句及表語(yǔ)從句中，根據(jù)情況要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有時(shí)也可用直陳語(yǔ)氣。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.9、whether, if引導(dǎo)從句的用法區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. whether可接不定式，而if則不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not. whether可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)或置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，而if則不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. whether和if均可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句， whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般都是肯定句，if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此時(shí)不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的whether和if常可與or not連用。連用時(shí)要注意or not的位置，它一般與 whether、if分開使用，有時(shí)它可與whether合起來使用，但不能與if合起來使用。例如：I dont know whether/ if they will come or not./ I dont know whether or not they will come.if可用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，譯“如果”，whether則不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.10、as作從屬連詞可引導(dǎo)多種狀語(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“象一樣”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“雖然”、“盡管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.)另外，as做為關(guān)系代詞還可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如：I have the same book as you.練習(xí)、連詞1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. now C. so D. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing toC. due to D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.A. they B. but they C. and theyD. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. for C. becauseD. so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if D. until9. Francis did the task_ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. as B. what C. that D. whom11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yet B. besides C. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain.A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she wentC. When she went D. Since she went14._he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left.A. after B. before C. since D. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished.A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work.A. and B. yet C. or D. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late.A. or B. and C. so D. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did.A. so B. as C. like D. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him.A. before B. after C. since D. when24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home?A. before B. as C. since D. when 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. UntilB. SinceC. AfterD. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. as B. than C. like D. white28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out.A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or.C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him.A. whether B. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or not is still unknown.A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32.I don t know _ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say.A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as47. That is not _ I want.A. that B. why C. what D. whose48. _ he did it remains a secret.A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How49. It is quite clear _ he wont see us.A. what B. that C. why D. how50. Would you tell me _ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose51. I am sure _ you said is true.A. what B. that C. which D. who52. The trouble is _ we can not find such an expert.A. why B. that C. where D. /53. It has not been decided _ they will leave.A. why B. when C. which D. what54. We shall go _ you are ready. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since55. He will tell you about it _ you get there.A. while B. as C. when D. /56. Dont try to get off the bus _ it has stopped.A. while B. as C. since D. before57. Ill come and see you _ I go to the countryside.A. while B. when . C. as soon as D. before58. _ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.A. While B. When C. Since D. After59. Things have changed a lot _ I wrote to you last time.A. when