英語演講與辯論

.英語演講與辯論各位讀友大家好，此文檔由網(wǎng)絡收集而來，歡迎您下載，謝謝課程編號:100191英文名:The Art of English Public Speaking and debating課程類別:專業(yè)選修學分:2學分課時:32課時主講教師:韓靜等選定教材:Stephen E. Lucas,演講的藝術,北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2004年 課程概述:英語演講與辯論課程是一門語言技能和專業(yè)知識相結合的課程,在一定程度上實現(xiàn)相關專業(yè)與外語專業(yè)之間的復合、交融和滲透,使學生從語言的單一性向知識的多元化、寬厚型方向轉化.該課程有助于提高學生綜合應用英語的能力,有助于學生綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng),是英語教學改革的新課型通過該課程的學習不僅能幫助學生進一步提高英語表達能力、英語口語交際能力,更有利于學生開拓思路、掌握溝通技巧;引導學生體會演講魅力、提高演講技巧、展示演講才能,有利于他們早日掌握這門適用于各種領域的溝通藝術.這門課程的學習需要一定程度的語言技能以外的知識積累.通過這門課程的學習,學生能夠系統(tǒng)地了解英語演講的技巧,英語演講稿的寫作方法以及英語演講技巧在現(xiàn)代交際中的作用.本課程采用理論傳授與實際操練相結合;教師講解和學生參與相結合;教師點評和學生試評相結合的教學方法.本課程授課內(nèi)容主要包括兩大塊,均采用多媒體、互動式授課.第一部分包括英語演講課程的理論教學,采用范例錄像觀摩和闡釋理論知識點相結合的方法;第二部分包括學生操練并輔助以課堂討論及對學生操練和作業(yè)進行評析等方法.考查方法采用課堂參與和考試相結合.教學目的:通過本課程的學習,使學生全面、系統(tǒng)地掌握英語演講和辯論的理論知識與藝術特點以及在現(xiàn)實交際生活的作用及在一定程度上實現(xiàn)相關專業(yè)與外語專業(yè)之間的復合、交融和滲透,使學生從語言的單一性向知識的多元化、寬厚型方向轉化,并且提高學生綜合應用英語的能力和綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng).教學方法:本課程授課內(nèi)容主要包括兩大塊,均采用多媒體、互動式授課.第一部分包括英語演講辯論課程的理論教學,采用示范錄像觀摩和闡釋理論知識點相結合的方法;第二部分包括學生操練并輔助以課堂討論及對學生操練和作業(yè)進行評析等方法.考查采用課堂參與記錄與考試相結合的方法,課堂參與記錄占50%,考試占50%.1)教學原則a.教師為主導,學生為主體,訓練為主線;b.運用激勵策略,營造寬松型、學生友好型氛圍;c.語境教學法;d.過程教學法.2)課堂組織形式a. 精講多練,突出學生參與;b. 運用視聽演示材料供學生觀摩;c. 鼓勵學生制作視覺輔助材料;d. 運用攝像設備拍錄學生演講實景;e. 先講后評,組織討論;f. 運用評估表分析學生演講;g.大班與小班授課應有區(qū)別.各章教學要求及教學要點第一章 Speaking And Listening教學要求:本章教學要求學生比較全面了解演講的基本理論和概念,演講中的道德準則以及傾聽在言語交流中的重要性.教學內(nèi)容:一、Speaking in Public1. The Power of Public Speaking2. The Tradition of Public Speaking3. Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation4. Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation5. Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class6. Public Speaking and Critical Thinking7. The Speech Communication Process8. Public speaking in a Multicultural World二、Ethics and Public Speaking1. The Importance of Ethics2. Guidelines for Ethical Speaking3. Plagiarism4. Guidelines for Ethical Listening三、Listening1. Listening Is Important2. Listening and Critical Thinking3. Four Causes of Poor Listening4. How to Become a Better Listener思考題:1. In what way is public speaking likely to make a difference in your life?2. How is public speaking different from everyday conversation?3. How can you control your nervousness and make it work for you in your speeches?4. What are the seven elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of a speech?第二章 Speech Preparation: Getting Started教學要求:本章教學要求學生了解在演講的準備階段如何選題和立意,如何分析聽眾的特點,如何收集資料和如何規(guī)范地使用所搜集到的論據(jù)來說明自己的想法.教學內(nèi)容:Selecting a Topic and Purpose1. Choosing a Topic2. Determining the General Purpose3. Determining the Specific Purpose4. Phrasing the Central Idea二、Analyzing the Audience1. Audience-Centeredness2. Your Classmates as an Audience3. The Psychology of Audiences4. Demographic Audience Analysis5. Situational Audience Analysis6. Getting Information About the Audience7. Adapting to the Audience三、Gathering Materials1. Using Your Own Knowledge and Experience2. Doing Library Research3. Searching the Internet4. Interviewing5. Tips for Doing Research四、Supporting Your Ideas1. Supporting Materials and Critical Thinking2. Examples3. Statistics4. Testimony5. Sample Speech with Commentary思考題:1. What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech? What are four guidelines for an effective central idea?2. What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?3. What five things should you do to take research notes efficiently?4. What are five tips for using examples in your speeches?第三章 Speech Preparation: Organizing and Outlining教學要求:本章教學要求學生系統(tǒng)掌握英語演講稿的寫作方法和寫作規(guī)范.教學內(nèi)容:Organizing the Body of the Speech1. Organization Is Important2. Main Points3. Supporting Materials4. Connectives二、Beginning and Ending the Speech1. The Introduction2. The Conclusion三、Outlining the Speech1. The Preparation Outline2. The Speaking Outline思考題:1. What are the five basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate forinformative speeches? Which is used only in persuasive speeches? Which is used most often?2. What are seven methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?3. What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?4. What is a preparation outline? What are the eight guidelines discussed in the chapter for writing a preparation outline?5. What is a speaking outline? What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?第四章 Presenting The Speech教學要求:本章教學要求學生基本掌握演講寫作中的語言技巧,演講的不同形式,以及直觀教具的制作和用法. 教學內(nèi)容:一、Using Language1. Language Is Important2. Meanings of Words3. Using Language Accurately4. Using Language Clearly5. Using Language Vividly6. A Note on Inclusive Language二、Delivery1. What is a Good Delivery?2. Methods of Delivery3. The Speakers Voice4. The Speakers Body5. Practicing Delivery6. Answering Audience Questions三、Using Visual Aids1. Advantages of Visual Aids2. Kinds of Visual Aids3. Guidelines for Preparing Visual Aids4. Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids思考題:1. What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?2. Why is it important for a public speaker to use inclusive language? What are five usages of inclusive language which have become so widely accepted that no speaker can afford to ignore them?3. What are the eight aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?4. What are the five steps you should follow when practicing your speech delivery?5. What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? What should you concentrate on when responding to questions during the session?6. What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?第五章 Varieties of Public Speaking教學要求:本章教學要求學生掌握演講的幾種主要的體裁,能夠在不同的場合選擇不同的方式進行有效演講. 教學內(nèi)容:教學內(nèi)容:Speaking to Inform1. Types of Informative Speeches: Analysis and Organization2. Guidelines for Informative Speaking3. Sample Speech with Commentary4. The Importance of Persuasion5. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact6. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value7. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy二、Methods of Persuasion1. Building Credibility2. Using Evidence3. Reasoning4. Appealing to emotions三、Speaking on Special Occasions1. Speeches of Introduction2. Speeches of Presentation3. Speeches of Acceptance4. Commemorative Speeches5. After-Dinner Speeches四、Speaking in Small Groups1. What Is a Small Group?2. Leadership in Small Groups3. responsibilities in a Small Group4. The Reflective-Thinking Method5. Presenting the Recommendations of the Groups思考題:1. Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic? What can you do to make sure your ideas dont pass over the heads of your listeners?2. What are three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?3. Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.4. What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?5. What are four tips for using evidence effectively in a persuasive speech?6. What are the three major traits of a good acceptance speech?7. What are the five major responsibilities of every participant in a small group?參考書目:1)Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004. 配有Instructors Manual.2)Verderber, Rudolph F. The Challenge of Effective Speaking. 10th Ed. Boston: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1997.3) Collins, Patrick. Say It with Power & Confidence. Paramus: Prentice Hall, 1998.4)Kay, Sue:實用演講技巧,北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2004.5)亞歷山大,英語辯論手冊,北京:外語教學與研究出版社,1999.Chinese universities should/should not allow mix-genderdormitories.Ladies and Gentlemen, Good evening! Im very glad to stand here and give you a shortI will argue from the following two aspects about Chinese universities should not allow mix-gender dormitories.First of all,we should seriously think about the existence value of mix-gender dormitories. According to the published study of Journal of American College Health, they investigated more than 500 students of five American universities,and about 90% of which living in the mix-gender dormitories. In the dormitory, men and women are not necessarily in the same room, many of them just live on the different floors. The results of the survey show that 41% of the students,living in the mix-gender dormitories,admit that they are promiscuity in astudents,living in a single gender dormitory,of the ratio is 17%.The study also points that living in the mix-gender dormitory is easier to promiscuity. The proportion of having three or more sexual partners in the past year is three times as much as students who live in the single-gender ,with the number increasing,the account of promiscuity will be make us more embarrassed in the future. Secondly, it also has a great effect on students living. For example,when I want to take a bath after busy work and have a deep sleep wearing pajamas,I find that I cant do it because I have a maleI was a man,I would even worried If I would be sued for obscene or not ,just because I wear a short pants and my shake-feathering is too long. And all this is the embarrassment due to allow mix-genderwhen you live with the students in common sex,girls could not worry about the position which underwear hang on, let alone whether they are less wear at night. Meanwhile boys can play games loudly and dont have to worry about the girl. Some privacy is able to accept by the people,having common sex,but the opposite sex ismany students arent lover in min-gender dorm. Therefore privacy protection has become an embarrassing problem,but also making life into inconvenience.新課程標準 / 演講 / 辯論 / 教學設計英語演講與辯論是英語語言綜合能力的體現(xiàn)。隨著英語風行全球及國際間往來的頻繁，人們用英語發(fā)表演說或進行辯論的機會越來越多：正式的學術報告，外國友人的宴會，各級各類的演講與辯論比賽，等等。英語演講與辯論是學生必須掌握的基本技能，理應在學校教育中受到重視。普通高中英語課程標準在語言技能目標中有這樣的表述：“能經(jīng)過準備就一般話題作3鐘演講?！本偶壍哪繕嗣枋鍪牵骸澳芙?jīng)過準備就一些專題作5-10分鐘演講，并回答有關提問?！倍?，講演與辯論作為語言應用類，也已被列為高中任意選修課之一。英語演講與辯論不僅是一個選修課模塊，也可作為常規(guī)課堂教學的一種方法，用以訓練學生的口語表達能力。把英語演講與辯論作為一種教學方法應用于課堂教學，教學設計如下：辯論主題：Is it right or wrong to use animals in experiments?教學目標：1、引導學生就“動物實驗”話題做發(fā)揮性語言表述，強化語言知識。2、指導學生明確英語辯論的特點、技巧，提高他們的思維應變能力。 教學難點：以“辯論”的操練形式強化學生的英語思維能力，在公眾場合的聽說能力及臨場應變能力。Teaching procedures design:Step 1Warming upI.Provide the debate topic.II. Divide the students into two groups: the positive and the negativeaccording to their own choices.III. Help students collect materials in groups.IV. Make the first draft of their debate, the design of their debate, the strategies, and standards for assessment, and so on.A、The first affirmative speaker must: define the topic; present the affirmatives team line; begins arguments against the negative side.B、The first negative must: accept or reject the definition; present the negative team line; rebut some of the main points of the first affirmative speaker; presents strong negative arguments.C、The second affirmative must: reaffirm the affirmatives team line; rebut all the remaining points of the negatives case; present a summary of the affirmatives case; round off the debate for the affirmative.D、The second negative must: reaffirm the negatives team line; rebut all the remaining points of the affirmatives case; present a summary of the negatives case.Step 2Carry out the debatingSome of the arguments:I.Positive: It is right to use animals in experiments.Arguments:1、 Animal testing has helped to develop medicines against many diseases. Doctors can become more skilled from working on animals.2、Human life is more important than animal life. Mil