北師大版高中英語必修3Unit 7詞匯筆記講解.doc

Warm up & Lesson 1 1、voyage, journey, travel, trip, tour 旅行voyage多指航海、航空之旅On the voyage home, they were caught in a stormjourney指有“預(yù)定地點(diǎn)”的旅行，多強(qiáng)調(diào)長距離的陸上旅行Well make journey to Shanghai for the Expo by traintravel旅行的總稱，泛指各種無目的地的旅行，多用于長途W(wǎng)e had ten days travel in our cars this summer.trip短途或往返旅行，在口語中可與journey互換The Smiths often take a weekend trip to the seaside.tour既指參觀數(shù)處的漫游，巡游或周游，也指參觀某一具體地的短途旅行，常合有回到原地的意思Its reported that Madonna will be on a concert tour in 2012.1）I made a five-month _ of India and the Far East. A tour B travel C journey D voyage2. choose, select, pickchoose 任意選擇，（尤其是兩者之間）choose.from .從.中選擇 select 仔細(xì)考慮選擇（強(qiáng)調(diào)多者間鑒別） pick 口語化選擇（不涉及愿意與鑒別）3. as many as ( + 數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))，“多達(dá).”類似的還有：as much as 多達(dá)，as far as 遠(yuǎn)達(dá)，as high as 高達(dá) The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. as much as + 數(shù)詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示金錢、距離、時間、重量、水量、熱量等各方面的程度或數(shù)量，也表多達(dá) Most of the stones weigh as much as 15 tons. as much as 還可以用來修飾動詞，而as many as 則不能。 You can eat as much as you can 4 get (sb.) into trouble (使某人) 陷入麻煩之中be in trouble 處于困境中，有麻煩 ask for trouble 自找麻煩take the trouble to do sth. 盡力做某事 there be / have trouble (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困難5 follow v. 跟隨，跟在后，沿著.走，明白，領(lǐng)會；聽從，服從 as follows 如下 The results are as follows. 結(jié)果如下 follow around/ about 到處跟隨 follow through 堅持到底，執(zhí)行 follow up 跟進(jìn)，采取后續(xù)行動1 用signal,sign,symbol, mark , symptom 填空 1) Dark clouds are usually a _ of rain. 2) A red light is usually a _ of danger. 3) The cross is the _ of Christianity. 4) Cigarettes can aggravate ( 使嚴(yán)重) the _ of a cold. 5) I put a _ in the margin . ( 頁邊空白) to remind me to check the figure.2. 1） matter (1) 要緊，重要，有關(guān)系 matter通常用于疑問句或否定句中。 (2) nC事情，問題 It is a matter of life-and-death for them. as a matter of fact = in fact實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 a matter of的問題1) I cant say which wine is best its a (n) _ of personal taste. A affair B event C matter D variety2) Dad, Toms broken a glasses ! - _. Accidents will happen.A No way B Doesnt matter C No trouble at all D Dont mention it4. (1) set sail啟航 sail n乘船航行；vi. （船）航行，開船，駕駛（或乘坐）帆船航行 sailing n帆船運(yùn)動，（乘帆船的）航行 The ship is sailing for England， Sailing is loved by a lot of peoplesail for(船)駛向 head for朝（方向）前進(jìn)，（船等）駛向leave for動身去 set out for動身去，啟程去 start for動身去 關(guān)于set的常用結(jié)構(gòu) set about著手處理，開始做 set out動身，打算，開始 set aside擱置，取消，留出 set down放下，記下 set fire to使燃燒，縱火燒 set foot on/in登上，涉足 set off動身，出發(fā)，使爆炸 set up建立，創(chuàng)立 作“開始做”講時，set about后接名詞或動名詞，而set out后接動詞不定式。 She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office. They succeeded in what they set out to do. (2) achieve vt完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到（目的等） achievement n完成，達(dá)到，成就，成績 He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work hard. Hes lucky enough to have achieved such great progress achieve success獲得成功 achieve victory取得勝利achieve ones purpose達(dá)到某人的目的 achieve ones aim / goal實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo) (1)I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. Adriving Bto sail Csailing Dto drive(2) For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill _my own business some day. Aturn up Bfix up Cset up Dmake up(3) Flying across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time is a great_ Apace Bachievement Cprogress Dnew (4) Congradulations to you _ such a complete victory. A for achievving B on achieving C to achieve D of achieving 5. control vt控制，支配；nU控制，管理 be out of control失去控制 be under the control of受的控制 be in control of控制著 be in the control of受的控制1） He is in _control of the company. I mean, the company is in _control of him. Athe;/ B,the Cthe；the D：6. further (1) adv，更遠(yuǎn)，較遠(yuǎn)；進(jìn)一步，進(jìn)一層 We must go further into the question (2) adj 較遠(yuǎn)的；更進(jìn)一步的，更多的 Have you anything further to add? (3) adv，而且，此外 We must do our work faster, and further better. (4) vt促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)，助長 He went abroad to further his study farther-farthest多指具體的距離“較遠(yuǎn)”，“最遠(yuǎn)”。 far further-furthest多指程度上“進(jìn)一步”，“最深”等抽象意義。 （1）The Chinese Education Department suggests teachers should take_ education to catch up with the_ development. Afarther：late Bfarther; later Cfurther；lately Dfurther latest7. (1) according to根據(jù)，依照 According to my watch，its four oclock according as依照，取決于 You may go or stay according as you decide. according to后接名詞、名詞性短語或從句，according as后接從句。according to不能和人稱代詞的賓格及opinion等連用。 accord n條約，協(xié)議；vi 相符合，相一致；vt授予，贈予 accordingly adv.相應(yīng)地，因此 according to與by 兩者都有“依照，根據(jù)”的意思，但其用法有所區(qū)別： 指依據(jù)非常確定的事物（如the clock，the voice，the appearance，the smell等）時，by和according to可換用。 By/According to my watch，it is 10：00 by不能用于指“人”的詞前，according to不能和me，opinion等連用。 Dont judge a person by his looks (2) get into trouble遇到麻煩，出事了 asking/looking for trouble自找麻煩 be in trouble有麻煩，有困難 get sbinto trouble使某人陷入困境 Watch out, you cant get her into trouble. trouble vt使憂慮，使煩惱 trouble sb( to do sth)打擾某人（做某事） (3) commit vt . 犯（罪、錯等），做（壞事） vt. 花（錢或時間） commit oneself to( doing) sth. 承擔(dān)義務(wù)做某事，承諾做某事 commit some money/time to( doing) sth 花費(fèi)一些金錢或時間做某事在某事上 commit a crime 犯罪 commitment n. 承諾，已承諾（或同意）的事(1) _his grades, he is a hard-working student. A. Judged from B. Judged by C. According to D. According as(2) A great man shows his greatness _the way he treats little men. Aunder Bwith Con Dby(3) -Sorry to _you, but could I ask a quick question? -No problem Aworry Bprevent Ctrouble Ddisappoint (4) The council has _large amounts of money to housing projects. A. committed B. spent C. cost D. taken8. persuade (1) vt. 說服，勸服 You might be able to persuade him你也許能說服他。 persuade sb. into/out of doing sth.(=argue/talk sb. into/out of doing sth.)說服某人做不做某事 persuade sbto do sth說服某人做某事 persuade sbof sth使某人相信某事 persuade sbthat.伎某人相信 (2) vi被說服 persuade, convince與advise (1) persuade和convince的意思均為“說服”；前者著重情感上的“敦促，勸告”，后者著重理智方面的“辯證，證明”。兩者都可用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)： persuade/ convince sb. that. persuade/ convince sb. to do sth. persuade/ convince sb. of sth. He persuaded me that the book was not worth buying. (2) persuade和convince都表示結(jié)果，即“說服了”；若表示“說服”或“勸說”的動作，常用try to persuade/convince，也可用advise來表示。 I tried to persuade/ I advised him to start early but he didnt listen. 1) While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded 2) How did you manage to _? A persuade him stopping smoking B persuade him to stop to smoke C persuade him out of smoking D persuade him to smoke 3) There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A being persuaded B persuading C to be persuaded D to persuade9. make it做成某事，獲得成功 I just made it to the washroom before throwing up. I never thought she would make it as an actress. get it懂得，理解，明白 catch it受懲罰，受斥責(zé) Oh,the paper is supposed to go in this side up.I get it. You will catch it if your mother finds out. (1)I wonder how you managed to _since there was only half an hour to go before you set off for the airport.A make that Bmake it Cdo it Ddo that10. in search of尋找，尋求 They started off at once in search of the missing girl. search for尋找 searchater探索，尋找 search out找出，查出 search.for.搜查以尋找 in a search for尋找 search,search for,search.for與in search of (1) search為及物動詞，表示“搜查（某人或某地方）”。Search sp. / sb. 搜查某地/ 搜某人的身 (2) search后接介詞for，表示花費(fèi)極大的氣力去“搜尋，尋找（某個特定的目標(biāo)）”，含有l(wèi)ook for的意思。 (3) search與for分開，為search.sb./sp. for，for后接具體的事物名詞，表示“（在某地或在某人身上）搜尋（某東西）”。 (4)in search of為短語介詞，多表示目的，常譯作“為了尋找或?qū)で蟆薄?(1) The enemy searched the village _the Red Army man. Ain Bfor Cby Dof (2) They went out_food. A. in search of B.in a search of C.in search D.in search for (3) He searched_the book and handed it to me. Afor Bout Cthrough D./11. (1) eventually adv最終，終于 He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill. She eventually passed her driving test. eventually與at last eventually意為“（作為結(jié)果而）終于（發(fā)生），最終”。 If the population goes on increasing at the present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left on earth to sustain human life. at last通常表示“（在長久等待以后）終于（發(fā)生）”。 At last the spring came after a long severe winter. (2)句中的in an unknown land為介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語?！癴ind sb/sth.+賓補(bǔ)”是一個很常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓補(bǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、介詞短語、名詞、動詞不定式等充當(dāng)。 I find the book hard to understand. When he woke up he found himself in hospital. Her blood was found to contain poison (1) There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _gave up. A. eventually B. unfortunately Cgenerously Dpurposefully(2)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. A smoke Bsmoking Csmokes Dsmoked 12 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中的作用 (1)“介詞+which”在從句中分別作時間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when，where和why。 The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. This is the reason for which(= why) he was put it prison. (2)“短語介詞+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示存在的關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常倒置。They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy. I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. (3)“介詞+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在從句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞一般受動詞或介詞后的名詞制約。 Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat? The man, from whom I learned the news,is an engineer. (4)“介詞by+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)的從句中，在從句中作狀語，說明動作的發(fā)出者。 The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. (5)“介詞of+ which“在從句中作后置定語，代替前置定語“whose” He mentioned a book,the title of which(= whose title) Ive forgotten. (6)“介詞+which（指物）/whose（指人）”修飾后面的名詞。 It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the map. (7)“不定代詞或數(shù)詞+介詞of+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在從句中作主語，說明整體中的部分。 China has a lot of islands,one of which is Taiwan. There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. (1) He was educated at the local high school，_he went on to Beijing University.Aafter which Bafter that Cin which Din that(2) For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,_New York is an example. Afor which Bin which Cof which Dfrom which (3) Have you seen the book _is yellow?Athe cover of it Bwhich cover Cthe cover of which Dwhichs cover13. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what，可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。 (1)具有疑問代詞性質(zhì)的what，意為“什么，什么樣的”。 I dont know what he needs. （what在賓語從句中作賓語） (2)在名詞前表示感嘆的what，意為“多么”。 Only then did I recognise what silly mistakes I had made.（定語）(3)具有關(guān)系代詞性質(zhì)的what，意為“的”。what在此相當(dāng)于“the+名詞+that”或者all that，既包含了先行詞也包含了關(guān)系代詞。 What (= The thing that) happened after that was interesting.（what在主語從句中作主語） China is no longer what (= the China that)it used to be.（what在表語從句中作表語） The boy dived into water and after what(= the time that) seemed to be a long time,he came up again.(賓語從句中作主語)(l)You can only be sure of_you have at present;you cannot be sure of something_you might get in the future. Athat：what Bwhat； Cwhich：that D；that (2) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make_it is. A. what B.which C.how D.where(3) _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. AIt BThis CWhat DAs14.be known as作為而出名，被認(rèn)為是 1）Beijing is known as the capital of China2）Lu Xun was known as the greatest writer of China in tne 1920s and 1930s. be known for因而出名 unknown adj. 不知道的，未知的（同義詞：unfamous） be known to為所熟悉 an unknown number 一個未知數(shù) make onself known to對作自我介紹 an unknown author 一位無名作者 as is well known眾所周知 (1) _a famous artist,he follows his old way of life. AKnowing as BKnown as C. Known for D.To known of(2)_is well known, Chinas entry into WTO has as great a meaning to China as it does to the whole world. AIt BWhat CAs DWhich15. deed n行為，行動 good/evil deeds好壞事 We all consider that you did a good deed.do a good deed做一件好事in deed實(shí)際上 It is not difficult to do a good deed,but its difficult to do good deeds in life in name but not in deed名義上而不是實(shí)際上 (1) _are better than words ADeeds BDeed CThings DDead16apologise vi道歉 apologist n辯護(hù)者 apology n道歉，認(rèn)錯 apologise for( doing) sth.為（做）某事表示歉意 apologise to sb. for( doing) sth為（做）某事向某人道歉 make/offer an apology to sbfor( doing) sth因（做）某事而向某人道歉 (1) I must apologise _ not being able to meet you. A. to . B. at C. with D. forLesson 2 & Lesson 3 1 protect vt.保護(hù)，保衛(wèi) protection nU保護(hù) sb. /sth. from+n protect sb./oneself from +doing 保護(hù).不受.的危害 A against B under the protection of在的保護(hù)下 “阻止做某事”的幾種表達(dá) prevent.( from) doing sth. protect.from doing sth stop.( from) doing sth. keep.from doing sth 上述短語中，protect.from doing sth.和keep.from doing sth中的from不能省略，其他兩個短語中的from可以省略。 (1) The white blood cells protect theJ body_germs. Afrom attacking Bfrom being attacked C from being attacked by D attacked by 2 pollution n污染 air pollution 空氣污染 the pollution of atmosphere大氣污染 pollute vt.使污染 polluted adj. 被污染的，被玷污的 polluter n 污染者，污染源 （1） -Why does the lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water_. A. have polluted B.is being polluted C. has been polluted D.have been polluted3. deal with(1)與做買賣 Weve been dealing with Mr Wang for many years. (2)對付 The person is hard to deal with(3)處理，安排 Hes able to deal with all kinds of troublesome cases. (4)論述，涉及 That book deals with Asian problems. how通常與deal with連用，what通常與do with連用。How can we deal with this problem? = What can we do with this problem? （1） With the world changing fast,we have something new _with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealt C to deal Ddealing4make sure搞清楚，弄明白，確保 be sure that.確信，確保 be sure of/about對確信，對有把握 be sure to do 一定做 do sth. for sure肯定做某事，確定做某事(1)上述短語中的sure都可用certain代替，但在It is certain that.句型中，只能用certain，不能用sure。(2)be sure of/about/that.的主語多為人，意指“（主語）相信確信(l)-Can you show me Mr Jaffers office，please? -Sure. But I am_if he is in at the moment. Acertain Bnot know Cnot sure Dsure(2) He always works hard. It is _that hell pass the exam. Asure Bcertain Csurely Dcertainly5. remind vt使想起，提醒 remind sbto do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that.使某人想起 remind sbof sth使某人想起某事recall sth. to sb.使某人想起某事 warn sbof sth警告某人某事inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 accuse sbof sth控告某人某事 reminder為名詞，意思是“提示convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 suspect sbof sth.懷疑某人某事 使某人回想起某事的人或物”。(1) In our childhood, we were often_ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. Ademanded Breminded Callowed Dhoped(2)Remind me_Alan before I go out. Ato phoning Bto phone Cphoning Dphone(3) The picture reminds me_my school days. Aof Bfrom Con Dto6(1) disappear vi消失，不見，絕跡，失蹤 appear vi出現(xiàn)，露面(=turn up)(2) altogether adv 完全，全部 總而言之，總之 總共，一共 altogether作“完全，全部”講時，與not連用表示部分否定。 altogether與all togetheraltogether表示“總共”、“總之”或“完全地”；all together表示“一起，同時”。 Altogether，I consider it wrong. Were all together again (1) Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage_the girl and took her away,_into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared Bseized；disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing7 solution n. 解決辦法 常與to 搭配 the key to the door the way to the schoolthe answer to the question 電影院的入口_問題的解決辦法_7 (1)It+ be+ adj.n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth句型 It is necessary to go over it again. Its our duty to help you. (2) responsible adj.有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的 for sb be responsible for sth 對.負(fù)責(zé) for doing sthHe is my son and Im responsible for him. Who is responsible for the mess? responsible作前置定語與作后置定語意思不同。 a responsible person 一個可信賴的人可靠的人 the person responsible負(fù)責(zé)人，主管人 (l) It is_for him to come tomorrow morning. A.perhaps B.possibly C.probably D.likely (2) Our efforts resulted_failure.I feel Im also responsible_it. Ain to Bfrom to Cin for Dfrom for8. real adj 真正的，真實(shí)的 reality n事實(shí)，現(xiàn)實(shí) real,actual,true與practical(l)real“真的，真正的”，actual“實(shí)際上的，確實(shí)的”，這兩個詞很多時候可以通用。 What are your real/actual relations withJohn? 但從下面的句子中也可以看出二者稍有不同。 The actual value of labour in capitalist society doesnt represent the real value of labour. (2) true作“真的，真實(shí)的，符合事實(shí)的，真正的，嚴(yán)格意義上的”講時，與real沒有區(qū)別。 This was a tru