數(shù)學(xué)英文詞匯.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除代 數(shù) 部 分1.有關(guān)基本運算：add, plus加 subtract減 difference差multiply, times乘 product積 divide除 divisible可被整除的 divided evenly被整除 dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù) quotient商 remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘 power乘方 radical sign, root sign根號 round to四舍五入 to the nearest四舍五入2.有關(guān)集合union并集 proper subset真子集 solution set解集3.有關(guān)代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraic term代數(shù)項like terms, similar terms同類項numerical coefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literal coefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等價方程linear equation線性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22)4.有關(guān)分?jǐn)?shù)和小數(shù)proper fraction真分?jǐn)?shù)improper fraction假分?jǐn)?shù)mixed number帶分?jǐn)?shù)vulgar fraction, common fraction普通分?jǐn)?shù)simple fraction簡分?jǐn)?shù)complex fraction繁分?jǐn)?shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction純小數(shù)infinite decimal無窮小數(shù)recurring decimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenths unit十分位5.基本數(shù)學(xué)概念arithmetic mean算術(shù)平均值weighted average加權(quán)平均值geometric mean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用對數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inverse function反函數(shù)complementary function余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolute value絕對值，e.g.-32=32round off四舍五入6.有關(guān)數(shù)論natural number自然數(shù)positive number正數(shù)negative number負(fù)數(shù)odd integer, odd number奇數(shù)even integer, even number偶數(shù)integer, whole number整數(shù)positive whole number正整數(shù)negative whole number負(fù)整數(shù)consecutive number連續(xù)整數(shù)real number, rational number實數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)composite number合數(shù)e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number質(zhì)數(shù)e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocal倒數(shù)common divisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)common multiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子common factor公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale十進(jìn)制nonnegative非負(fù)的tens十位units個位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)common ratio公比7.數(shù)列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差數(shù)列g(shù)eometric progression(sequence)等比數(shù)列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)direct proportion正比 distinct不同的estimation估計，近似parentheses括號proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometric function三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾 何 部 分1.所有的角alternate angle內(nèi)錯角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle對頂角central angle圓心角interior angle內(nèi)角exterior angle外角supplementary angles補角complementary angle余角adjacent angle鄰角acute angle銳角obtuse angle鈍角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夾角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等邊三角形scalene triangle不等邊三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle內(nèi)接三角形3.有關(guān)收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentric circles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長方形regular polygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面圖形arc弧line, straight line直線line segment線段parallel lines平行線segment of a circle弧形5.有關(guān)立體圖形cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangular solid長方體regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面體circular cylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的6.有關(guān)圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference, perimeter周長radian弧度surface area 表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股cross section橫截面center of a circle圓心chord弦radius半徑angle bisector角平分線diagonal對角線diameter直徑edge棱face of a solid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊included side夾邊leg三角形的直角邊median of a triangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底數(shù))opposite直角三角形中的對邊midpoint中點endpoint端點vertex(復(fù)數(shù)形式vertices)頂點tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距7.有關(guān)坐標(biāo)coordinate system坐標(biāo)系rectangular coordinate直角坐標(biāo)系origin原點abscissa橫坐標(biāo)ordinate縱坐標(biāo)number line數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane復(fù)平面8. 其它plane geometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學(xué)bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的一般詞匯數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem計算 calculation運算 operation證明 prove假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition算術(shù) arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加數(shù) augend, summand加數(shù) addend和sum減minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù) minuend減數(shù) subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù) multiplicand,faciend乘數(shù) multiplicator積product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除數(shù) dividend除數(shù) divisor商quotient等于 equals, is equalto, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than運算符 operator數(shù)字 digit數(shù)number自然數(shù) naturalnumber整數(shù) integer小數(shù) decimal小數(shù)點 decimalpoint分?jǐn)?shù) fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比ratio正positive負(fù)negative零null, zero, nought, nil十進(jìn)制 decimalsystem二進(jìn)制 binary system十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimalsystem權(quán)weight, significance進(jìn)位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 rounddown上舍入 roundup有效數(shù)字 significant digit無效數(shù)字 insignificantdigit代數(shù) algebra公式 formula,formulae(pl.)單項式 monomial多項式 polynomial, multinomial系數(shù) coefficient未知數(shù) unknown,x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation階乘 factorial對數(shù) logarithm指數(shù)，冪 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 thepowerof four, thefourth powern 次方 thepowerof n, the nthpower開方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth rootn 次方根 theroot of n, the nth root集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union補集 complement映射 mapping函數(shù) function定義域 domain, field of definition值域 range常量 constant變量 variable單調(diào)性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity圖象 image數(shù)列，級數(shù) series微積分 calculus微分 differential導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative極限 limit無窮大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal積分 integral定積分 definite integral不定積分 indefinite integral有理數(shù) rationalnumber無理數(shù) irrationalnumber實數(shù) realnumber虛數(shù) imaginarynumber復(fù)數(shù) complex number矩陣 matrix行列式 determinant幾何 geometry點 point線 line面 plane體 solid線段 segment射線 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian銳角 acute angle直角 rightangle鈍角 obtuseangle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base邊 side高 height三角形 triangle銳角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 righttriangle直角邊 leg斜邊 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem鈍角三角形 obtusetriangle不等邊三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等邊三角形 equilateral triangle四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle長 length寬 width菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 righttrapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五邊形 pentagon六邊形 hexagon七邊形 heptagon八邊形 octagon九邊形 enneagon十邊形 decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形 polygon正多邊形 equilateral polygon圓 circle圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑 radius直徑 diameter圓周率 pi弧 arc半圓 semicircle扇形 sector環(huán) ring橢圓 ellipse圓周 circumference周長 perimeter面積 area軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面體 tetrahedron五面體 pentahedron六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped立方體 cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面體 hendecahedron十二面體 dodecahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體 polyhedron棱錐 pyramid棱柱 prism棱臺 frustum of a prism旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation軸 axis圓錐 cone圓柱 cylinder圓臺 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面積 surfacearea體積 volume空間 space坐標(biāo)系 coordinates坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate原點 origin雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle外切圓 circumcircle統(tǒng)計 statistics平均數(shù) average加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average方差 variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分點 percentage百分位數(shù) percentile排列 permutation組合 combination概率，或然率 probability分布 distribution正態(tài)分布 normal distribution非正態(tài)分布 abnormaldistribution圖表 graph條形統(tǒng)計圖 bar graph柱形統(tǒng)計圖 histogram折線統(tǒng)計圖 broken linegraph曲線統(tǒng)計圖 curve diagram扇形統(tǒng)計圖 piediagram其他數(shù)學(xué)詞匯：mathematics數(shù)學(xué)theorem定理calculation計算operation運算arithmetic算術(shù)，四則運算addition加法subtraction減法multiplication乘法division除法sum和remainder余product積quotient商2 plus 1 equals3二加一等于三4 minus2 equals 2四減二等于二4 multiplied by 5, 4 times 5四乘以五addend加數(shù)plus sign加號minussign減號multiplicand被乘數(shù)multiplier乘數(shù)divisor除數(shù)dividend被除數(shù)decimal point小數(shù)點noughtpoint four零點四fraction分?jǐn)?shù)ratio比proportion比例numerator分子common denominator公分母exponent指數(shù)differentialcalculus微分學(xué)integral calculus積分slide rule計算尺function函數(shù)derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)power冪,乘方to raise to the power of five使乘五次方x squared某數(shù)的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的to the fourth power,to the power of four乘四次方square root平方根cube root立方根rule of three比例法logarithm對數(shù)logarithmtable對數(shù)表algebra代數(shù)equation等式，方程式unknown未知數(shù)simpleequation一次方程quadratic equation二次方程cubic equation三次方程微積分反函數(shù): inverse function. 冪函數(shù): power function. 指數(shù)函數(shù): exponential function. 對數(shù)函數(shù): logarithmic function. 三角函數(shù): trigonometric function. 反三角函數(shù): anti-trigonometric function. 復(fù)合函數(shù): compound function. 初等函數(shù): elementary function. 雙曲函數(shù): hyperbolic function. 反雙曲函數(shù): anti-hyperbolic function. 無窮小:infinitesimal. 無窮大:infinity. 連續(xù)性:continuity. 間斷點:discontinuous point. 介值定理:intermediate value theorem. 導(dǎo)數(shù):derivative. 微分:differential. 函數(shù)的單調(diào)性:monotonicity of function. 曲線:curve. 曲線的凹凸性:concavity of curve. 曲線的拐點: keen point of curve. 曲率:curvature. 不定積分: indefinite integral(indeterminate integral). 定積分: definite integral. 廣義積分:improper integral. 空間解析幾何:space analytic geometry. 向量代數(shù):vector algebra. 空間直角坐標(biāo)系:space rectangular coordinate system. 數(shù)量積:scalar product. 向量積:vector product. 混合積:triple product. 曲面:surface. 二次曲面:second-degree surface.線性代數(shù)A adjont(adjugate) of matrix A A 的伴隨矩陣 augmented matrix A 的增廣矩陣 B block diagonal matrix 塊對角矩陣 block matrix 塊矩陣 basic solution set 基礎(chǔ)解系 C Cauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西 - 許瓦茲不等式 characteristic equation 特征方程 characteristic polynomial 特征多項式 coffcient matrix 系數(shù)矩陣 cofactor 代數(shù)余子式 cofactor expansion 代數(shù)余子式展開 column vector 列向量 commuting matrices 交換矩陣 consistent linear system 相容線性方程組 Cramers rule 克萊姆法則 Cross- product term 交叉項 D Determinant 行列式 Diagonal entries 對角元素 Diagonal matrix 對角矩陣 Dimension of a vector space V 向量空間 V 的維數(shù) E echelon matrix 梯形矩陣 eigenspace 特征空間 eigenvalue 特征值 eigenvector 特征向量 eigenvector basis 特征向量的基 elementary matrix 初等矩陣 elementary row operations 行初等變換 F full rank 滿秩 fundermental set of solution 基礎(chǔ)解系 G grneral solution 通解 Gram-Schmidt process 施密特正交化過程 H homogeneous linear equations 齊次線性方程組 I identity matrix 單位矩陣 inconsistent linear system 不相容線性方程組 indefinite matrix 不定矩陣 indefinit quatratic form 不定二次型 infinite-dimensional space 無限維空間 inner product 內(nèi)積 inverse of matrix A 逆矩陣 J K L linear combination 線性組合 linearly dependent 線性相關(guān) linearly independent 線性無關(guān) linear transformation 線性變換 lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩陣 M main diagonal of matrix A 矩陣的主對角 matrix 矩陣 N negative definite quaratic form 負(fù)定二次型 negative semidefinite quadratic form 半負(fù)定二次型 nonhomogeneous equations 非齊次線性方程組 nonsigular matrix 非奇異矩陣 nontrivial solution 非平凡解 norm of vector V 向量 V 的范數(shù) normalizing vector V 規(guī)范化向量 O orthogonal basis 正交基 orthogonal complemen t 正交補 orthogonal decomposition 正交分解 orthogonally diagonalizable matrix 矩陣的正交對角化 orthogonal matrix 正交矩陣 orthogonal set 正交向量組 orthonormal basis 規(guī)范正交基 orthonomal set 規(guī)范正交向量組 P partitioned matrix 分塊矩陣 positive definite matrix 正定矩陣 positive definite quatratic form 正定二次型 positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩陣 positive semidefinite quadratic form 半正定二次型 Q quatratic form 二次型 R rank of matrix A 矩陣 A 的秩 r(A ) reduced echelon matrix 最簡梯形陣 row vector 行向量 S set spanned by 由向量 所生成 similar matrices 相似矩陣 similarity transformation 相似變換 singular matrix 奇異矩陣 solution set 解集合 standard basis 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基 standard matrix 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)矩陣 I submatrix 子矩陣 subspace 子空間 symmetric matrix 對稱矩陣 T trace of matrix A 矩陣 A 的跡 tr ( A ) transpose of A 矩陣 A 的轉(zhuǎn)秩 triangle inequlity 三角不等式 trivial solution 平凡解 U unit vector 單位向量 upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩陣 V vandermonde matrix 范得蒙矩陣 vector 向量 vector space 向量空間 W Z zero subspace 零子空間 zero vector 零空間 概率與統(tǒng)計Probability theory 概率論mathematical statistics 數(shù)理統(tǒng)計deterministic phenomenon 確定性現(xiàn)象random phenomenon 隨機現(xiàn)象sample space 樣本空間 random occurrence 隨機事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 隨機試驗 incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 頻率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 幾何概率 conditional probability 條件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayess formula 貝葉斯公式Prior probability 先驗概率Posterior probability 后驗概率Independent events 相互獨立事件Bernoulli trials 貝努利試驗random variable 隨機變量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函數(shù)discrete random variable 離散隨機變量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超幾何分布random sampling model 隨機抽樣模型binomial distribution 二項分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 幾何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 連續(xù)隨機變量uniformly distribution 均勻分布exponential distribution 指數(shù)分布numerical character 數(shù)字特征mathematical expectation 數(shù)學(xué)期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-維隨機變量two-dimensionalrandom variable 二維離散隨機變量joint probability distribution 聯(lián)合概率分布joint distribution law 聯(lián)合分布律joint distribution function 聯(lián)合分布函數(shù)boundary distribution law 邊緣分布律boundary distribution function 邊緣分布函數(shù)exp