Redhat Linux 62下Oracle 10g安裝配置手冊.docx

Redhat Linux 6.2下Oracle 10g安裝配置手冊1. 安裝準(zhǔn)備1.1 RedHat Linux Server 6.2安裝文件1.2 Oracle 10g Linux安裝文件1.3 檢查安裝包rpm -qa |grep makeautomake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarchmake-3.81-19.el6.x86_64rpm -qa|grep glibcglibc-common-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64glibc-2.12-1.47.el6.i686glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6.i686compat-glibc-headers-2.5-46.2.x86_64glibc-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64glibc-utils-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64compat-glibc-2.5-46.2.x86_64rpm -qa |grep libaiolibaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686rpm -qa |grep gccgcc-objc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64gcc-objc+-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64gcc-gfortran-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64gcc-gnat-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c+-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64gcc-java-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64gcc-c+-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64libgcc-4.4.6-3.el6.i686libgcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64rpm -qa |grep compat-libstdccompat-libstdc+-296-2.96-144.el6.i686compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64rpm -qa |grep compat-gcccompat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64compat-gcc-34-c+-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64rpm -qa |grep libXplibXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64libXp-devel-1.0.0-15.1.el6.x86_64libXpm-3.5.8-2.el6.i686libXpm-devel-3.5.8-2.el6.x86_64libXp-devel-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686libXpm-3.5.8-2.el6.x86_64libXpm-devel-3.5.8-2.el6.i686libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686rpm -qa |grep openmotifopenmotif-devel-2.3.3-4.el6.x86_64openmotif-2.3.3-4.el6.x86_64openmotif22-2.2.3-19.el6.x86_64openmotif22-2.2.3-19.el6.i686rpm -qa |grep compat-dbcompat-db43-4.3.29-15.el6.x86_64compat-db43-4.3.29-15.el6.i686compat-db42-4.2.52-15.el6.i686compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.i686compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.x86_64compat-db42-4.2.52-15.el6.x86_642. 硬件要求1.1 物理內(nèi)存至少2G查看命令：grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo1.2 交換分區(qū)：至少1G，最好是物理內(nèi)存的2倍查看命令：grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo1.3 硬盤空閑區(qū)至少4G查看命令：df h3. 創(chuàng)建安裝oracle 所需的組和用戶以下操作需要使用root賬戶創(chuàng)建。3.1 創(chuàng)建oinstall用戶組groupadd g 701 oinstall3.2 創(chuàng)建dba用戶組groupadd g 702 dba3.3 創(chuàng)建oracle用戶useradd g oinstall G dba oracle3.4 初始化oracle用戶密碼passwd oracle4. 創(chuàng)建Oracle安裝目錄本示例中，Oracle安裝路徑為：/oracle/product/10.2/db_14.1 創(chuàng)建oracle安裝目錄mkdir p /oracle/product/10.2/db_14.2 修改目錄所屬用戶為oracle用戶chown R oracle:oinstall /oracle4.3 修改目錄權(quán)限chmod R 755 /oracle 或者chmod -R ug=rwx,o=rx /oracle5. 配置內(nèi)核參數(shù)5.1 編輯/etc/sysctl.conf文件，添加或修改如下的行：本人實際配置環(huán)境中，紅色部分是需要修改行，藍色部分為添加行。kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 21474836481374389535.72kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.core.rmem_default=262144net.core.rmem_max=262144net.core.wmem_default=262144net.core.wmem_max=2621445.2 查看當(dāng)前內(nèi)核參數(shù)的值/sbin/sysctl p注：（一般為內(nèi)存的0.7倍）OLTP系統(tǒng)SGA+PGA(Total Memory)*0.8SAG /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo -n Starting Oracle Listeners: su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle ; stop) echo -n Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop /var/log/oracle echo Done. rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle echo -n Shutting Down Oracle Databases: su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle ; restart) echo -n Restarting Oracle Databases: echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo -n Restarting Oracle Listeners: su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start /var/log/oracle echo Done. echo echo - /var/log/oracle date +! %T %a %D : Finished. /var/log/oracle echo - /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle ; *) echo Usage: oracle start | stop | restart exit 1esacexit 014.2 修改/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle執(zhí)行權(quán)限chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle14.3 添加oracle服務(wù)chkconig -add oracle14.4 設(shè)置oracle服務(wù)自啟動chkconfig oracle on14.5 啟動、關(guān)閉、重啟oracle命令啟動oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫：service oracle start關(guān)閉oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫：service oracle stop重啟oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫service oracle restart附錄1：安裝過程中遇到的問題及解決方法1 xhost:unable to open display解決方法：1）查看/etc/inittab文件里，把init3或者其他值改成init52）reboot system，用root用戶通過圖形界面進入系統(tǒng)，在終端里執(zhí)行xhost +，（一般在這里都xhost會執(zhí)行成功，如果無法執(zhí)行成功，那你圖形肯定有問題?。? 執(zhí)行runInstaller時報錯：Exception in thread main java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError:/tmp/OraInstall2007-12-21_10-40-21PM/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so:libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory解決方法：安裝libXp.rpm。這個文件可以在linux安裝文件中找到。如果是使用iso文件安裝的，可以先掛載光驅(qū)：mount /dev/cdrom /mnt 3 使用oracle用戶，使用dbstart無法啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫的問題1) 檢查dbstart文件vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart檢查ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER項的路徑，將其改為$ORACLE_HOME，如下：2) 進行完上述操作后，重新執(zhí)行dbstart時，數(shù)據(jù)庫仍不能啟動。此時，登陸sqlplus，使用命令startup mount；可以登陸。同時伴有，數(shù)據(jù)庫起來后，重啟機器后，執(zhí)行dbstart又不能啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫的情況。解決方法：檢查 /etc/oratab文件，按下面方法操作。此處還有一種修改方法：#注釋掉上面的行，增加下面行$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:Y3) 如果執(zhí)行dbstart仍不能啟動，檢查dbstart文件中的oratab項配置是否和下圖中的一致，如果不一致修改。4 ORA-01031: insufficient privileges問題先照著問題3的方法檢查一遍。5 在linux下掛載iso的方法mount o loop linux.iso /mnt/cd16 跟蹤命令的執(zhí)行過程strace -v ps -ef 2 ps.txt 寫入ps.txt文件7、Host.conf文件配置錯誤錯誤代碼如下：/etc/host.conf:line3:bad command localhost原因是： /etc/host.conf 中多出來一行內(nèi)容引起的： localhost8、startup 開啟出錯9、執(zhí)行IMPDP時，停止不動，關(guān)閉之后重新啟Impdp job時，出現(xiàn)下面的錯誤oraeventhenry $ impdp event ATTACH=event.SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01 Import: Release .0 - 64bit Production on Sunday, 25 September, 2011 10:07:05 Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Password: UDI-00008: operation generated ORACLE error 257ORA-00257: archiver error. Connect internal only, until freed.1) 查看Archive log 所在位置SQL Show parameter log_archeive_dest2) 一般VALUE為空時，可以用archive log list；檢查一下歸檔目錄和log sequenceSQL archive log list;3) 檢查flash recovery area 的使用情況，可以看見archivelog已經(jīng)很大了，SQL select * from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;4) 計算flash recovery area 已經(jīng)占用的空間Select sum(percent_space_used)*3/100 from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;5) 找到Recovery 目錄，show parameter recoverSQL show parameter recover;6) 上述結(jié)果告訴我們，歸檔位置默認(rèn)是在flash_recovery_area下轉(zhuǎn)移或清除對應(yīng)的歸檔日志（注意：再刪除歸檔日之后，必須用RMAN維護控制文件，否則空間顯示仍然不釋放）7) 檢查一些無用的archivelogRMAN crosscheck archivelog all;8) 刪除過期的歸檔RMAN delete expired archivelog all;Delete archivelog until time sysdate-1; 刪除截止前一天的所有archivelog9) 修改制定的歸檔文件路徑或者修改flash_recovery_area的大小SQL alter system set log_archive_dest=/oracle/oraarch_log scope=both;SQL alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=3G scope=both;10、啟動Data Pump Jobs-查詢正在運行的Data Pump JobsSQL select * from v$dba_datapump_jobs;-啟動Jobs$ impdp event ATTACH=event.SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01-查看Job運行狀態(tài)：Impdp status-停止JobImpdp stop_job-啟動jobsImpdp start_job-查看對應(yīng)的SESSIONSQL select sid,serial# from v$session s, dba_datapump_sessions d where s.saddr=d.saddr; Select * from v$dba_datapump_jobs; -查詢正在運行的Data Pump JobsImport stop_jobImport start_jobTMS.INTERFACE_TO_OMS_PG.RE_SENDLOADING_STATUS;/database/debian_amd64_install_10g_r2_database.html登錄到遠程系統(tǒng)$ssh -XY oracleremotehost執(zhí)行oracle安裝程序$/path/to/client/runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs因為oracle 10g認(rèn)證的linux系統(tǒng)只有redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 和 asianux-2這幾個,所以在其他linux發(fā)行版上安裝時需要指定命令行參數(shù)-ignoreSysPrereqs,否則會提示:Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2Failed 然后退出安裝之后在本地機器可以看到OUI(Oracle Universal Installer)界面,后面的安裝根據(jù)提示來就可以了。安裝目錄修改為/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1安裝進度大約到65%時會有錯誤提示：Error in invoking target collector of makefile /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emdb.mk.這是oracle安裝程序的一個bug,可以忽略此錯誤繼續(xù)安裝,對系統(tǒng)沒什么影響。同時oraInventory/logs/目錄下的安裝日志文件里面會有如下類似錯誤提示：INFO: /usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/snmccolm.o is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/libnmccol.a(nmccole.o) is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/libnmcbuf.a(nmcbuft.o) is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file /u01/apINFO: p/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/libnmcbuf.a(nmcbufw.o) is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/libnmcbuf.a(nmcbufu.o) is incompatible with i386:x86-64 output/usr/