限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句講解.doc

限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有四大區(qū)別,現(xiàn)作簡要介紹。一、在句中作用不同限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同限制性定語從句因與先行詞關系密切,所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.3. This is the place where he used to live.4. Mr. Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.5. We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.析:在前三個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關系密切,為限制性定語從句,不可用逗號將其與主句隔開。在后兩個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關系不密切,為非限制性定語從句,可用逗號將其與主句隔開。三、先行詞內容有所不同大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語,而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句,此時非限制性定語從句常由which 引導。例1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.析:由語境可知,令“我”恐懼的內容應為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個一件事,因此先行詞為整個主句,此時應由which 引導定語從句。例2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people present.析:由語境可知,令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內容是“一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語”這整個一件事,因此先行詞為整個主句,此時應由which 引導非限制性定語從句。四、關系詞的使用情況有所不同(一that 不可用于引導非限制性定語從句所有關系代詞和關系副詞均可引導限制性定語從句,大多數(shù)關系代詞和關系副詞可引導非限制性定語從句,但that 不可。例1. 他送給他母親一臺彩電作為生日禮物,這使她非常高興。誤:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.正:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.例2. 他沒通過這次考試,令我很失望。誤:He didnt pass the exam,that disappointed me.正:He didnt pass the exam,which disappointed me.值得注意的是,不少同學誤認為只有which 才能引導非限制性定語從句,這個觀點是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時,如果先行詞指人,則用who , which或whose引導非限制性定語從句;先行詞指物可用which引導非限制性定語從句;先行詞表時間或地點且在從句中作時間狀語或地點狀語時,可用when, where引導非限制性定語從句。例1. Well graduate in July,when we will be free.我們將于七月份畢業(yè),到那時我們就自由了。例2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing,where a conference was to be held.他們上周日到達南京,有個會議要在那里舉行。(二關系代詞替代情況不同關系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用who代替whom,但whom在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用who來代替。例1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.這是我在街上遇到的那個女孩。析:先行詞the girl在限制性定語從句中作賓語,可用who代替whom .例2. A young man had a new girl friend,whom he wanted to impress.一個年輕的小伙子新交了一個女朋友,他想給她留下深刻的印象。析:先行詞a new girl friend在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,不可用who代替whom .在限制性定語從句中,先行詞指人時可用that 代替who/ whom ,但在非限制性定語從句中先行詞指人時,不可用that 代替who/whom .例:她有一個姐姐,她是教師。誤:She has a sister,that is a teacher.正:She has a sister,who is teacher.(三關系代詞省略情況不同關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省去,非限制性定語從句的所有關系詞均不可省。例1. This is the book (which/thathe lost yesterday.這就是他昨天丟的那本書。析:先行詞the book 在限制性定語從句中作賓語,關系代詞which 或that 可以省略。例2. The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.他昨天丟了這本書,但現(xiàn)在已找到了。析:先行詞the book 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語,關系代詞which 不可省。1. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that2. Have you ever been to Xian,_ I left ten years ago.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. /3. The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it4. His English,_ used to be very poor is now excellent.A. whichB. thatC. it D . whom5. Some of the roads were flooded,_ makes our journey more difficult.A. thatB. itC. whichD. who6. Ill find a nice girl,_ I want to marry.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which7. Ill come at ten,_ Ill be free.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. what8. She has two brothers,_ are teachers.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. /9. Which answ