木哥考研英語(yǔ)閱讀新題型20篇模擬預(yù)測(cè)題.doc

2016年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀新題型最新模擬題原題Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we can even create entirely new brain cells that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. 41_All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. 42_The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. 43_ This emphasis clearly leads to ordinary performance. On the contrary, knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.44_ Figure out what has worked for you when youve learned in the past, and you can draw your own map for developing additional skills and behaviors for the future. Ms. Ryan says, “If you have a pathway to learning, use it because thats going to be easier than creating an entirely new pathway in your brain.”Ms. Ryan and Ms. Markova have found what they call three zones of existence: comfort, stretch and stress. Comfort is the realm of existing habit. Stress occurs when a challenge is so far beyond current experience as to be overwhelming. Its that stretch zone in the middle activities that feel a bit awkward and unfamiliar where true change occurs.Getting into the stretch zone is good for you, according to Ms. Ryan. It helps keep your brain healthy. It turns out that unless we continue to learn new things, which challenges our brains to create new pathways, they literally begin to weaken, which may result in brain diseases. She recommends practicing a technique called kaizen, which calls for tiny, continuous improvements.45_ That can be fatal in business, particularly for executives who surround themselves with like-thinkers. If seniority and promotion are based on similarity to those at the top, chances are strong that the company lacks intellectual diversity.A This is where developing new habits comes in. If youre an analytical or procedural thinker, you learn in different ways than someone who is inherently innovative or collaborative.B Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside our comfort zone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.C After the confusion, the brain begins organizing the new input, ultimately creating new synaptic connections if the process is repeated enough.D “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will.”E But if, during creation of that new habit, the “Great Decider” steps in to protest against taking the unfamiliar path, people may keep doing the same thing over and over again.F At teenage years, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.G Simultaneously, take a look at how colleagues approach challenges, Ms. Markova suggests. We tend to believe that those who think the way we do are smarter than those who dont.Part B一、文章體裁結(jié)構(gòu)分析這是一篇有關(guān)人們開(kāi)發(fā)新習(xí)慣進(jìn)而引發(fā)創(chuàng)新的說(shuō)明文。文章第一、二段引出習(xí)慣這一話(huà)題，并說(shuō)明了開(kāi)發(fā)新的習(xí)慣可以帶來(lái)創(chuàng)新。第三、四、五段解釋了新習(xí)慣是如何產(chǎn)生的；后面剩余幾段說(shuō)明了人在拉伸區(qū)容易發(fā)生新的變化進(jìn)而促進(jìn)人的大腦健康。二 、試題解析【參考答案】 41. B 42. F 43. D 44. A 45. G41.【正確答案】B【解答過(guò)程】從文中給出的內(nèi)容我們粗略地知道文章談?wù)摰氖怯嘘P(guān)開(kāi)發(fā)新習(xí)慣引發(fā)創(chuàng)新的話(huà)題。本題缺失內(nèi)容位于第二段的段尾，因此我們要回到空前的內(nèi)容去尋找答題線(xiàn)索。前面提到如果我們有意識(shí)地去開(kāi)發(fā)新的習(xí)慣， 就能讓思維跳到創(chuàng)新的軌道上，由此，我們可以推測(cè)選填的內(nèi)容可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步解釋這兩者的關(guān)系。查看選項(xiàng)，B中“we can direct our change by consciously developing new habits”剛好涉及這一內(nèi)容，而且“Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit” 剛好是對(duì)前面“consciously”這個(gè)詞的回應(yīng)和解釋?zhuān)虼吮绢}答案為E。42.【正確答案】F【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容是第三段的段尾。我們可以根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷合理的選項(xiàng)，空前的內(nèi)容提及“我們都以我們意識(shí)不到的方式來(lái)處理問(wèn)題”；第四段的句首又提到“我們之中很少有人生來(lái)就能運(yùn)用我們的創(chuàng)造性和合作思維模式”，據(jù)此我們可以推斷正確的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該與部分能力未被開(kāi)發(fā)有關(guān)，查看選項(xiàng)，只有F提到人們?cè)谇嗌倌甑臅r(shí)候有一半也就是兩種能力關(guān)閉了，這正好與空后的內(nèi)容相一致。故答案為C。43.【正確答案】D【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容在第四段的中間，而中間的內(nèi)容必然會(huì)起到銜接上下的作用，因此我們需要參考該空的前后來(lái)尋找線(xiàn)索?？涨暗膬?nèi)容談到“我們之中很少有人生來(lái)就能運(yùn)用我們的創(chuàng)造性和合作性思維模式”；空后的內(nèi)容談到“這種強(qiáng)調(diào)很明顯導(dǎo)致了平庸表現(xiàn)”，這說(shuō)明缺失的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是有人進(jìn)行了這種強(qiáng)調(diào)，查看選項(xiàng)，D正好與此有關(guān)，而且選項(xiàng)開(kāi)頭的“this” 剛好能指代前面的“我們之中很少有人生來(lái)就能運(yùn)用我們的創(chuàng)造性和合作性思維模式”，故答案為A。44.【正確答案】A【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容是第五段的段首句。同樣我們需要在其上下文找線(xiàn)索?？涨暗膬?nèi)容(第四段最后)反對(duì)由于缺乏創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)致的平庸表現(xiàn)，故此處應(yīng)該引出新的東西；而且空后提到“找出你過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)的有用的東西，你可以畫(huà)出未來(lái)可以開(kāi)發(fā)的附加技巧和行為圖”,這顯然與人的分析或者學(xué)習(xí)東西的能力有關(guān)，參看選項(xiàng)，A剛好就是與這個(gè)有關(guān)，故答案為A。45.【正確答案】G【解答過(guò)程】本題缺失內(nèi)容是段首句，我們應(yīng)根據(jù)前后文來(lái)確定答案。空前內(nèi)容(上一段)提到Ryan建議人們進(jìn)行kaizen的技巧練習(xí)，那么我們可以推測(cè)接下來(lái)應(yīng)該還有別的方法參考；而且空后提到“這對(duì)商業(yè)具有致命的打擊，對(duì)那些身邊充斥著只會(huì)附和的員工的老板們來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此?！边@說(shuō)明有一種想法或傾向是致命的，查看選項(xiàng)，G中的發(fā)“simultaneous”剛好可以引入別的方法，而其中的“我們總是相信那些做法和我們一致的人要比那些做法和我們不一致的人聰明得多”這句話(huà)剛好和“附和”是一個(gè)意思，而且是一種有害的主觀傾向，剛好能滿(mǎn)足這一空的要求，因此答案是G?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)分析】干擾項(xiàng)C，提到“After the confusion”，說(shuō)明前面必然要提到混亂、困惑狀態(tài)下的狀況，而這在文章中根本找不到對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容，故排除；干擾項(xiàng)E項(xiàng)中首次出現(xiàn)了“the “Great Decider”，文中只字未提該短語(yǔ)或做出任何相關(guān)的解釋?zhuān)绻x擇會(huì)很突兀，故排除掉。全文翻譯：習(xí)慣是一個(gè)很有趣的事情。我們漫不經(jīng)心地觸及它，讓我們的大腦處于自動(dòng)巡航狀態(tài)，放松地進(jìn)入熟悉的日常工作的無(wú)意識(shí)舒適之中。威廉.華茲華斯在19世紀(jì)說(shuō)：“不是選擇，而是習(xí)慣駕馭了輕率的獸群”。在21世紀(jì)，即使是習(xí)慣也帶上了負(fù)面涵義。因此在與創(chuàng)意和創(chuàng)新相同的語(yǔ)境里談習(xí)慣似乎有些矛盾。但從事大腦研究的人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)我們有意識(shí)地開(kāi)發(fā)新習(xí)慣時(shí)，我們甚至能夠創(chuàng)造全新的腦細(xì)胞，這能夠使我們的思緒跳躍到創(chuàng)新的軌道上。不必將我們當(dāng)作是一成不變的習(xí)慣的動(dòng)物，我們實(shí)際可以通過(guò)有意識(shí)地開(kāi)發(fā)新習(xí)慣來(lái)引導(dǎo)我們自己的變化。實(shí)際上，我們?cè)蕉鄧L試新東西，越多超越我們的舒適區(qū)，我們就會(huì)從內(nèi)在里具備創(chuàng)造性，不管是工作上還是生活里。開(kāi)放的思想一書(shū)的作者Dawna Markova說(shuō)，我們所有人都以我們意識(shí)不到的方式來(lái)處理問(wèn)題。20世紀(jì)60年代的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類(lèi)出生時(shí)就有能力以四種方式應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)：分析性，程序性，相關(guān)性(合作性)和創(chuàng)新性。但在青少年時(shí)期，大腦關(guān)閉一半的能力，僅保留哪些似乎在人生最初10多年中最有價(jià)值的哪些思維模式。目前對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試的重視強(qiáng)調(diào)分析和程序，意味著我們之中很少有人生來(lái)就能運(yùn)用我們的創(chuàng)造性和合作性思維模式。2006年出版的今年我將一書(shū)作者M(jìn). J. Ryan 解釋說(shuō)：“這破壞了美國(guó)信仰體系中的最重要法則每個(gè)人都能做成任何事情”。這種重視很明顯導(dǎo)致了平庸表現(xiàn)。相反地，知道你擅長(zhǎng)做的，并且多做會(huì)成就卓越。就是在此新習(xí)慣登場(chǎng)了。如果你是一個(gè)分析型或程序型的思考者，你學(xué)習(xí)的方式不同于先天是創(chuàng)新或合作型的人。找出你過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)的有用的東西，你可以畫(huà)出未來(lái)可以開(kāi)發(fā)的附加技巧和行為圖。Ryan女士說(shuō)：“如果你有路徑來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，就要用它，因?yàn)檫@將比在你的大腦創(chuàng)作全新的路徑要容易得多?！盧yan和Markova兩位女士已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了她們稱(chēng)之為三種存在區(qū)的東西：舒適，拉伸，壓力。舒適是現(xiàn)存習(xí)慣的領(lǐng)地。壓力是在挑戰(zhàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越目前經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以至于不可抗拒時(shí)發(fā)生。處于中間的是拉伸區(qū)，是一些感到有點(diǎn)別扭和不熟悉的活動(dòng)，就在這一區(qū)發(fā)生真正的變化。根據(jù)Ryan女士的說(shuō)法，進(jìn)入拉伸區(qū)對(duì)你是有好處的。這有助于你保持大腦健康。結(jié)果顯示除非我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)新東西，這樣挑戰(zhàn)我們大腦去創(chuàng)造新路徑，否則大腦就會(huì)開(kāi)始變?nèi)?，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦疾病。她推薦練習(xí)一種叫做kaizen的技巧，這種技巧需要微小而持續(xù)的提高。同時(shí)，你去看看你的同事是如何應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的，這是Markova小姐提出的建議。我們總是相信那些做法和我們一致的人要比那些做法和我們不一致的人聰明得多。這種傾向?qū)ι虡I(yè)具有致命的打擊，對(duì)那些身邊盡是些附和者的老板們來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。如果論資排輩和職務(wù)晉升都要建立在對(duì)高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)想法的附和之上，那么這個(gè)公司的才智肯定會(huì)趨于單一化。10、Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeological study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those at Hadar, Ethiopia; Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (upright-walking, apelike early humans).41. _The first physically modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years agodates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago). 42. _Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domesticationthe planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animalsis evident in such places as the ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuacn Valley in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. 43. _Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals. 44. _Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed. 45. _A For example, the Moche lords of Sipn in coastal Peru were buried in about AD 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.B By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.C Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago. D The first fossil records of vascular plantsthat is, land plants with tissue that carries foodappeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.E Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago. F One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study. G Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.答案41.E 42.C 43.G 44.A 45.F木哥考研 考研方法第一人 加QQ 1300331396 在線(xiàn)指導(dǎo),空間每天分享考研經(jīng)驗(yàn)技巧資料總體分析本文主要論述了考古學(xué)研究的發(fā)展，它延續(xù)了整個(gè)人類(lèi)發(fā)展的歷史（從人類(lèi)起源之初到現(xiàn)代社會(huì)），涉及了多種多樣的主題（包括最早出現(xiàn)的人類(lèi)，人類(lèi)的遷徙、文明、埋葬儀式、美國(guó)殖民生活、現(xiàn)代城市垃圾等）。A 比如，西潘地區(qū)莫切人的貴族們約在公元400年被埋葬，身著優(yōu)質(zhì)的棉質(zhì)禮服，佩帶著精致的珠子和金銀裝飾。很少有能與他們墳?zāi)沟娜A麗相媲美的。能夠追溯這些儀式幾千年的發(fā)展有助于我們理解人類(lèi)智力和精神的發(fā)展。B 到40萬(wàn)年前可以發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)诜侵薮蟛糠值貐^(qū)狩獵和采集食物。不同地區(qū)的居民利用各種技術(shù)的發(fā)展來(lái)適應(yīng)各自所處的不同環(huán)境與氣候。C 考古研究也提供了關(guān)于12萬(wàn)年前首先到達(dá)美洲的人類(lèi)的許多信息。D 最早的導(dǎo)管植物（即帶有運(yùn)載食物組織的陸地植物）的化石記錄出現(xiàn)在志留紀(jì)時(shí)代。它們是沒(méi)有形成獨(dú)立的莖和葉的簡(jiǎn)單植物。E 利特里甚至展現(xiàn)了360萬(wàn)年前的人類(lèi)的足跡。一些遺址也包含了最早使用的簡(jiǎn)單工具的證據(jù)?？脊艑W(xué)家們還記錄了原始人類(lèi)如何在約180萬(wàn)年前從非洲擴(kuò)展到亞洲，然后在約90萬(wàn)年前進(jìn)入歐洲的。F 一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目涉及對(duì)全美國(guó)現(xiàn)代城市垃圾的研究。這種垃圾相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的考古記錄的遺骸。將來(lái)，考古學(xué)家會(huì)繼續(xù)開(kāi)拓新的研究領(lǐng)域。G 其他代表人類(lèi)偉大成就的遺址各式各樣，像科羅拉多州梅莎爾地的古代阿納薩齊人（北美洲的一群早期土著美國(guó)人）的崖下住居；位于秘魯安梯斯山脈高處的馬丘比丘的印加城；偏遠(yuǎn)的太平洋復(fù)活節(jié)島上神秘而巨大的石刻人頭肖像。試題精解41.精解本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：段落內(nèi)一致性原則+詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)本題的解答方法有兩種：順讀法和逆讀法。先看順讀法，文章首句是全文的主題句：考古學(xué)研究的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，涉及到的主題也多種多樣。第二句出現(xiàn)了特征詞earliest，并將第一段的中心內(nèi)容縮小為：最早的考古研究主題是人類(lèi)起源。接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容主要舉例說(shuō)明這方面的研究，如：人類(lèi)祖先的化石殘骸、最早的考古遺址。根據(jù)段落一致性原則，除非出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯詞，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)圍繞這一中心內(nèi)容展開(kāi)論述。從內(nèi)容上判斷，只有E項(xiàng)正確。該項(xiàng)第一、二句提到人類(lèi)足跡和最早的工具的使用，依然屬于對(duì)于人類(lèi)起源研究的范疇。此外，該項(xiàng)也出現(xiàn)了原詞Laetoli的復(fù)現(xiàn)以及第二句some sites contain evidence of the earliest與原文中的These sites contain evidence of the first結(jié)構(gòu)上的呼應(yīng)。邏輯詞also表明空格處填入的內(nèi)容和上文是并列邏輯關(guān)系。C、D項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了同義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)，即first對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的earliest，G項(xiàng)復(fù)現(xiàn)了原詞sites，但C項(xiàng)中的“到達(dá)美洲的人口”，D項(xiàng)中“導(dǎo)管植物”（vascular plants），G項(xiàng)中的“人類(lèi)的偉大成就”顯然都與空白處的上文無(wú)法銜接。也可用逆讀法，空格出現(xiàn)在一段末。其上文提到一些直立行走的兩足動(dòng)物（類(lèi)似猿的早期人類(lèi)），下文則提到最早具有現(xiàn)代身體特征的人類(lèi)。因此空格處的內(nèi)容也應(yīng)該圍繞人類(lèi)展開(kāi)論述，提到humans或其同義詞的有B、C、E、G項(xiàng)。然后再根據(jù)段落內(nèi)一致性原則，排除干擾項(xiàng)，得出E項(xiàng)正確。42.精解 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：句際關(guān)系+特征詞的呼應(yīng)本題空格出現(xiàn)在二段末。該段首句提到最早具有現(xiàn)代特征的人類(lèi)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間；第二句提到早期人類(lèi)從非洲移民定居歐亞大陸。表面上看，空格所在上文的這兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系不是很明確，似乎在說(shuō)不同的方面，但是它們中的特征詞即表時(shí)間的數(shù)字顯示了其邏輯關(guān)系：時(shí)間上的順接關(guān)系，從“20萬(wàn)年至15萬(wàn)年前”到“10萬(wàn)年至1萬(wàn)5年前”。這種關(guān)系在填入第一段末的E項(xiàng)中也得到了體現(xiàn)，該項(xiàng)末句剛好提到了“90萬(wàn)年前”。提到時(shí)間數(shù)字的只有B和C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)時(shí)間順接關(guān)系排除B項(xiàng)，得出C項(xiàng)正確。該項(xiàng)中的邏輯詞also體現(xiàn)了它和上文間的并列邏輯關(guān)系。填入后，整個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容是考古研究對(duì)不同年代人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的記載：最早現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)的出現(xiàn)、人類(lèi)從非洲向歐亞的移民、人類(lèi)首次到達(dá)美洲。43.精解 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文的銜接+詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)本題空格出現(xiàn)在三段末。該段內(nèi)容分兩個(gè)層次，第一、二句為一個(gè)意群，講述考古學(xué)在記載農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方面的意義。第三句則講述了考古學(xué)在人類(lèi)早期文明研究方面的重要作用。第三句是個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，其主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who and the ancient Egyptians, who。該句舉例說(shuō)明了人類(lèi)早期文明：蘇美爾人修建了烏爾城，而古埃及人以吉薩城附近的金字塔和西比斯帝王谷的皇家陵墓聞名。因此空格處填入的內(nèi)容要么與上面兩個(gè)層次的內(nèi)容呈并列關(guān)系，論述考古學(xué)其他方面的作用。要么承接最近的上文即第三句，繼續(xù)論述有關(guān)人類(lèi)文明方面的內(nèi)容。A項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了表例證關(guān)系的邏輯詞for example，但后面的內(nèi)容卻是關(guān)于奢華的埋葬儀式。這無(wú)法與上文中的烏爾城、皇家陵墓并列。C項(xiàng)提到考古研究記載了人類(lèi)到達(dá)美洲的信息，但該內(nèi)容與上文的人類(lèi)文明也無(wú)法并列。只有G項(xiàng)繼續(xù)列舉人類(lèi)文明的表現(xiàn)：科羅拉多州梅莎爾地的古代阿納薩齊人的崖下住居；位于秘魯安梯斯山脈高處的馬丘比丘的印加城；偏遠(yuǎn)的太平洋復(fù)活節(jié)島上神秘而巨大的石刻人頭肖像。該項(xiàng)首句中human achievement與上文（human）civilization屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。44.精解 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：段落結(jié)構(gòu)+詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)突出主題本題空格出現(xiàn)在四段末。該段落的結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，首句為主題句：考古研究跨越了人類(lèi)獨(dú)有現(xiàn)象的整個(gè)發(fā)展階段。第二句中邏輯詞for instance表明下文舉例說(shuō)明首句論點(diǎn)。該例子中出現(xiàn)的大量相關(guān)語(yǔ)義的詞匯bury，dead，afterlife，burials，graves，funeral使主題句中的“人類(lèi)獨(dú)有現(xiàn)象”明確為“埋葬儀式”。符合該段主題內(nèi)容的只有A項(xiàng)。該項(xiàng)以邏輯詞for example開(kāi)始，通過(guò)“西潘地區(qū)莫切人貴族們的奢華的埋葬儀式”這一例子說(shuō)明了上文中提到的論點(diǎn)“埋葬過(guò)程和葬禮儀式變得極其重要而且成為了繁文褥節(jié)”。45.精解 本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：段落結(jié)構(gòu)本題空格出現(xiàn)在五段末。該段和第四段結(jié)構(gòu)相似。段首為主題句：考古學(xué)也研究了更近的歷史時(shí)期。第二句以邏輯詞for instance為標(biāo)志，舉出“考古學(xué)家對(duì)美國(guó)殖民生活的研究”的例子來(lái)論證主題。而接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容則具體論述這種研究的內(nèi)容：早期殖民者用玻璃珠子與土著民族交換食物；種植園上奴隸的生活反映出他們的起源；美國(guó)的第一批主要城市的發(fā)展。因此空格處的內(nèi)容要么與上文呈并列關(guān)系，共同論證段落主旨；要么承接上文，繼續(xù)論述美國(guó)的殖民生活。F項(xiàng)第一、二句提到，一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目涉及對(duì)全美國(guó)現(xiàn)代城市垃圾的研究。這種現(xiàn)代垃圾相當(dāng)于考古記錄中發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺骸。其中出現(xiàn)的present-day和archaeological record與原文中的more recent和Archaeology相呼應(yīng)。因此暗示這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于“更近的歷史時(shí)期”的考古研究。全文翻譯木哥考研 考研方法第一人 加QQ 1300331396 在線(xiàn)指導(dǎo),空間每天分享考研經(jīng)驗(yàn)技巧資料考古學(xué)研究覆蓋了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間段，涉及到各種各樣的主題?？脊艑W(xué)研究最早的研究對(duì)象從人類(lèi)的起源開(kāi)始。這些研究對(duì)象包括被認(rèn)為居住在350萬(wàn)年至450萬(wàn)年前的人類(lèi)祖先的化石殘骸。最早的考古遺址在埃塞俄比亞的哈達(dá)、坦桑尼亞的利特里、肯尼亞的圖爾卡納以及東非的其他一些地方。這些遺址包含了早期兩足動(dòng)物（直立行走、類(lèi)似猿的早期人類(lèi)）出現(xiàn)的證據(jù)。利特里甚至展現(xiàn)了360萬(wàn)年前的人類(lèi)足跡。一些遺址也包含了最早使用的簡(jiǎn)單工具的證據(jù)?？脊艑W(xué)家們還記錄了原始人類(lèi)如何在約180萬(wàn)年前從非洲擴(kuò)展到亞洲，然后在約90萬(wàn)年前進(jìn)入歐洲的。最早具有現(xiàn)代身體特征的人類(lèi)（智人）出現(xiàn)在約20萬(wàn)年至15萬(wàn)年前的熱帶非洲。該時(shí)間是分子生物學(xué)家和考古學(xué)家一起測(cè)定的。遍及亞洲和歐洲的許多考古遺址說(shuō)明了人類(lèi)在最后一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代（10萬(wàn)年至1萬(wàn)5千年前）是如何從非洲移民并定居在這兩個(gè)大陸的?？脊叛芯恳蔡峁┝岁P(guān)于12萬(wàn)年前首先到達(dá)兩個(gè)美洲的人類(lèi)的許多信息。考古學(xué)家證明了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展發(fā)生約10萬(wàn)年前。早期的馴養(yǎng)活動(dòng)植物的種植和收割以及動(dòng)物的繁殖和放牧在約旦和墨西哥等地的一些古代定居點(diǎn)非常明顯?？脊艑W(xué)在早期文明（如美索不達(dá)米亞的蘇美爾人以及古埃及人）的研究中起著主要的作用。蘇美爾人修建了烏爾城，而古埃及人以吉薩城附近的金字塔和西比斯帝王谷的皇家陵墓聞名。其他代表人類(lèi)偉大成就的遺址各式各樣，像科羅拉多州梅莎爾地的古代阿納薩齊人（北美洲的一群早期土著美國(guó)人）的崖下住居；位于秘魯安梯斯山脈高處的馬丘比丘的印加城；偏遠(yuǎn)的太平洋復(fù)活節(jié)島上神秘而巨大的石刻人頭肖像。 考古研究跨越了人類(lèi)特有現(xiàn)象的整個(gè)發(fā)展階段。比如，考古學(xué)講述了人類(lèi)什么時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)埋葬死人并形成對(duì)死后靈魂的信仰。在歐洲和西南亞洲，一些遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)了最初的簡(jiǎn)樸而有目的的墳?zāi)孤裨嵝袨榈嫩E象，這樣的遺址最早可以追溯到40萬(wàn)年前。到人們生活在文明中的時(shí)候，埋葬過(guò)程和葬禮儀式變得極其重要而且成為了繁文褥節(jié)。比如，莫切人的西潘貴族們約公元400年被埋葬，身著優(yōu)質(zhì)的棉質(zhì)禮服，佩帶著精致的珠子和金銀裝飾。很少有能與他們的華麗的墳?zāi)瓜噫敲赖?。能夠追溯這些儀式幾千年的發(fā)展有助于我們理解人類(lèi)智力和精神的發(fā)展。考古學(xué)也研究了更近的歷史時(shí)期。比如，一些考古學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家一起研究美國(guó)殖民生活。他們也獲得了各個(gè)方面的信息，如早期的殖民者如何在弗吉尼亞的詹姆斯敦定居、如何用玻璃珠子與土著阿爾岡琴民族交換食物；種植園上奴隸的生活如何反映出他們起源于非洲；美國(guó)的第一批主要城市是如何發(fā)展起來(lái)的。一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目涉及對(duì)全美國(guó)現(xiàn)代城市垃圾的研究。這種垃圾相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的考古記錄的遺骸。將來(lái)，考古學(xué)家會(huì)繼續(xù)開(kāi)拓新的研究領(lǐng)域。11、Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) A Physical Changes B Low Self-Esteem C Emerging Independence and Search for Identity D Emotional Turbulence E Interest in the Opposite Sex F Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence typically between the ages of 9 and 13 and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41) _A childs self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that theyre not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent. (42) _Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite loud and angry in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness. (43) _Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frighteni