2017初二英語上冊(cè)短語知識(shí)匯總?cè)?doc

2017初二英語上冊(cè)短語知識(shí)匯總?cè)?.先斷”定”,判斷是否定或肯定.如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等詞,則是否定,后面該用肯定.2.后找”動(dòng)”,觀察前面的動(dòng)詞,若含有或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接用,若為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形,用do,三單用does,過去式用did, had better用had3.換代,主語定代詞,三單用he ,she ,it ,復(fù)用they we ; somebody,nobody 類似的用they,和thing一起的用4.肯定祈使句，反問句部分可用will you /wont you ？否定祈使句，用will you ？5.Lets.用shall we? let us.用will you?,6.在think,believe,suppose+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，疑問句部分與從句保持一致，同時(shí)主句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中; 但第二，三人稱與主句保持一致：I dont think you have done it ,have you? /He doesnt think you have done it ,does he?即：當(dāng)主句人稱是一，從句是二時(shí)，看二；當(dāng)主句是三時(shí)，就看三。7.回答只針對(duì)事實(shí)作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 給某人某物,give in投降,give up doing sth 放棄, give out 分發(fā),give a way to 對(duì).讓步, on the earth在地球上,both.and既.又. 就近原則 neither.nor既不.又不,就近原則either.or要么.要么.there be, not only.but also就近原則,may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也許In addition to .除.以外(還有) =besides, but 除.之外,常與否定意義詞連用,當(dāng)but前有do時(shí)but后接原形, except,除.之外(不包括)on holiday度假, of course=,sure當(dāng)然all types of呼種 , part time job,一份兼職工作on ones own獨(dú)自 , be led by由.帶領(lǐng)MODULE 6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正存在的狀態(tài)，一般常和at that time,at 點(diǎn)yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的過去時(shí)間連用。2.表示一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或兩個(gè)延續(xù)性過去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：was /were +V-inggo on 繼續(xù), go on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事(同一件事),go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事(另一件事), go on with sth繼續(xù)做同一件事,但中間暫停過,How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近況如何? by the river,在河邊at this time yesterday昨天 的這個(gè)時(shí)候, in a tree=in the tree ,在樹上(外來物)on a tree =on the tree,在樹上,(樹本身的) smile at sb. 朝著某人微笑,laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉進(jìn),跌入fall off 掉下來, fall behind ,落后,跟不上fall in love with,愛上 be careful,小心by mistake由于出錯(cuò) at taht /this time在那/這時(shí)have nothing to do 沒事可做, nothing strange沒什么奇怪的，take sth. out of . 把.從.拿出來, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 感官動(dòng)詞see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞原形(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)后+名詞或代詞+Ving(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)under th hedge在樹籬下面, go down下去,think about 考慮, think of想起，認(rèn)為 ,think over仔細(xì)考慮, think out,想出think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人發(fā)生了什么事？be on 上演， go off熄滅，停，英語中當(dāng)幾個(gè)單數(shù)人稱同時(shí)作主語時(shí)，先后順序是“二、三、一”not .until直到.才.(主句中常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)till/until直到.為止(主句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)something wrong with.,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上,jump out of從.跳出來 ,on ones way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上on ones way home在某人回家的路上,from .to,從.到.(動(dòng)詞+Ving)when,while ,as的區(qū)別 當(dāng).時(shí)候When可與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示”一段時(shí)間,”也可與短暫性動(dòng)詞連用,表示”時(shí)刻”.主句的動(dòng)作可以與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先后發(fā)生.如果主從句都是短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí),只能用WhenWhile表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.其從句的動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也可用表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的一般時(shí)態(tài).如果主從句都是進(jìn)行時(shí),只能用Whileas與When同義,但as指主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同步發(fā)展.wear out 穿壞,穿舊,用壞, cheer up 使振奮;使興奮,follow ones advice聽從某人的建議, look into向.的里面看,stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事stop .from doing sth.阻止.做某事, what kind哪種,a kind of一種, all kinds of =different kinds of 各種各樣的,kind of =a bit=a little 有點(diǎn), walk along沿著.走,by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地，無意地, by oneself單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地,by the way, 順便說 墻的表面用on，墻的內(nèi)部用inhave something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的東西 ,have nothing to drink沒有什么喝的東西 feel tired感到疲勞no one,一般不與of連用，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，只指人，一般用來回答whonone ,可與of連用，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，指人或物，回答how many /how much引導(dǎo)的問句，以及含any+n 的一般問句Nothing，指物，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，without doing sth.沒做，be tired=get tired累了，during the day 一整天，被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變法：1主+謂+賓語.將賓語變作主語,將謂語變被動(dòng)語態(tài),將主語變by賓語.2.主+謂+間賓+直賓 將間接賓語變作主語,謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài),直接賓語不變.3主+謂+直賓+間賓+to或for 將直變主,將謂變被告,其余不變.by原主4.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ) 賓作主,謂變被,其余不變,by原主.5.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listento )變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，后加to