(self)it,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those.doc

it，one，ones，that，those表替代 it，one，ones，that，those可以用來代替上文中提到的名詞，以避免重復?，F(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下：1. it 1) 代替上文提到的名詞，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能帶修飾語： -Do you want the magazine? -Yes，I want it. I dont want to drink the teaIt is too hot 2) it用作人稱代詞時，可指已知的或暗含的事實或情況，或用作形式主語/賓語，也可替代性別不明的嬰兒。Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off.No, she was not at home last night. What about it?It would be a pity to miss it.It is not worth getting upset.Its probable that well be a little late.I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious.She thought it a waste of time arguing with him.George made it dear that he disagreed. 2. one 1）代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指（同類但不是同一）前面可以有冠詞或形容詞， 也可以有this或that或another，但前不能有物主代詞：I have 1ost my penIm going to buy one. This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one.I prefer this one to that one.比較：Im looking for a flat. Id like a small one with a garden.Im looking for a flat. Id like one with a garden.（不能說：. a one with a garden.）2）one作為不定人稱代詞, 可泛指“任何一個人”，有ones 和oneself形式。多用于正式文體，口語中也可用he/his代替第二個one/ones.One has to take care of oneself and ones family if he can. One shouldnt hesitate to correct his/ones mistakes.If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide. (如果一個人想看那廢墟, 他必須找自己的向?qū)А?One of the girl students hasnt handed in _ composition.A. ones B. his C. their D. her 3ones是one的復數(shù)形式，常用來代替復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，前面不用物主代詞修飾，也不用these或those來直接修飾，除非ones前面有形容詞： I have a new coat and several old ones. These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones. 4 the one替代表特指的單數(shù)名詞：Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. Hand me my coat. Its the one hanging on the wall.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.5 the ones替代表特指的復數(shù)名詞：Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. Id like to try on those shoes，the ones at the front of the window.Are they the ones who moved here recently? 6that用來代替上下文中的名詞，它表示與前面同類不同一的東西。that既可代替不可數(shù)名詞，又可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其后總有后置定語，一般不指人：1) Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.2) 指代可數(shù)名詞時，that相當于the one My room is better than that/the one next door.3) 若后置定語為 of 引起的介詞短語，則通常用 that。The price of wheat is higher than that of rice. The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 7those是that的復數(shù)形式，可用來替代可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，表示特指;有時the ones和those可互換使用，常有后置定語： The students in our class work harder than those in their class. The book is more difficult than those we have read before. Students who do well in examinations are those the ones who like to ask questions in class. 觀察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:1 Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. (02全國 35) A. that B. one C. it D. what 3. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江蘇 22) A. one B. the one C. he D. someone總之：1one/ones用來代替前面提到過的可數(shù)名詞，one指代單數(shù), ones指代復數(shù)，所代替的是同名異物，表示泛指，可有前置定語或后置定語，也可單獨使用，特指時必須加 the，用the one/ones 。 2 that用來代替前面提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞, 表特指其后總有修飾語,其復數(shù)形式是those 。that指代可數(shù)名詞時，相當于the one ；those相當于the ones。 3it 特指上文提到過的同名同物，不能帶修飾語；可指已知的或暗含的事實或情況，或用作形式主語/賓語用以代替不定式、動名詞或從句作主語/賓語，也可指性別不明的嬰兒。比較：1 Can you lend me a pen?Sorry. I havent got one.Can I borrow your pen?Sorry， Im using it. 2 My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 3 替代表特指的單數(shù)名詞可用 it， that， the one。1）替代事物時，三者均可用；替代人時，只能用 the one。Who is her husband? The one by the window. （只能用 the one，替代人）2） 當有前置定語修飾時，只能用 the one。如：Which do you want?The red one. She would rather have the small one than the large one.3）當有后置定語修飾時，通常用 the one。如：He said he would have the one near him. 他說要靠近他的那一個。Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一種嗎?4）若后置定語為 of 引起的介詞短語，則通常用 that。5 those 來替代表特指的復數(shù)名詞，尤其是當其后有 of 引導的介詞短語或 who 引導的定語從句修飾時。如：Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 紅色光線的波長約為藍色光線波長的兩倍。Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你們中間想?yún)⒓舆@次游覽的人可以在這里簽名。His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 6. 當一個名詞受另一個名詞修飾時，通常不宜用 one（s）來替代。如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? （不能說：. or tea ones? ）但若一個名詞受表材料的名詞修飾，可用 one（s） 替代。如：We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 練習：1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one2. -Do you like _ here? -Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.A. this B. these C. that D. it 3. Im reading a new book these days , _ in English.A. it B. that C. one D. which4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them.A. one B. the ones C. some D. the others5. Have you ever seen a snake alive ? Yes , Ive seen _. A. that B. so C. one D. it 6. I prefer a street in a small town to _ in such a large city as Shanghai.A. that B. it C. this D. one7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.A. thatB. oneC. it D. what8. May I help you with some shoes，sir?Yes，Id like to try on those white_.A. one B. ones C. twoD. pair填空：1 The vase on the left is more beautiful than _ on the right.2 The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than _in Mexico.3 His younger sister is taller than the elder _.4 I need the plastic bags, not the paper_ .4 I like the vase better than _ in another shop.5 The windows of your flat are cleaner than _of mine.6 A grandparents job is easier than _ of a parent.7 The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while _ in their school arent.8 The style of the building is similar to _ of a temple.9 A CD player made in Japan costs more than _made in China.10 I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.鞏固練習：1. If I can help _ , I dont like working late into the night. (06全國I 26) A. so B. that C. it D. them2. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江蘇 22) A. one B. the one C. he D. someone3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (06湖南 26) A. this B. that C. one D. it4. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed _ to _ and then posted it at the nearby post office. (06安徽 34) A. it; her B. it; herself C. herself; her D. herself; herself5. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms. (05天津 15) A. one B. that C. it D. this6. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. (05江蘇 26) A. ones B. one C. that D. those7. Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet. (05浙江20) A. one B. ones C. it D. then8. Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do.(05江西 24) A. one B. ones C. it D. those9. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. S