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有機化學中英文對照表有機化學可以直接下載WORD版本英文名 漢文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亞烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型的Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 芐基Benzylic 芐型的Activating group 活化基團Chromophore 生色團Auxochrome 助色團Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向異性基團Smally ring 小環(huán)Common ring 普通環(huán)Medium rimg 中環(huán)Large ring 大環(huán)Bridged-ring system 橋環(huán)體系Spiro compound 螺環(huán)化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面體化合物Conjugation 共軛Conjugated-system 共軛體系Acyl cation 酰基正離子Benzylic cation 芐基正離子Arenirm ion 芳基正離子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基離子Radical cation 自由基正離子Radical anion 自由基負離子Isomerism 異構現(xiàn)象Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循變結構Stereochemistry 立體化學Optical activity 光學活性Dextro isomer 右旋異構體Laevo isomer 左旋異構體Tetrahedral configuration 四面體構型Stereoisomerism 立體異構現(xiàn)象Asymmetric atom 不對稱原子Asymmetric carbon 不對稱碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不對稱碳Phantom atom 虛擬原子Homotopic 等位的Heterotopic 異位的Enantiotopic 對映異位的Diastereotopic 非對映異位的Configuration 構型Absolute configuration 絕對構型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性的Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性的Fischer projection 費歇爾投影式Neoman projection 紐曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名體系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 順序規(guī)則Symmetry factor 對稱因素Plane of symmetry 對稱面Mirror symmetry 鏡面對稱Enantiomer 對映異構體Diastereomer 非對映異構體Epimer 差向異構體Anomer 端基差向異構體Erythro configuration 赤型構型Erythro isomer 赤型異構體Threo configuration 蘇型構型Threo isomer 蘇型異構體Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 順反異構E isomer E異構體Z isomer Z異構體Endo isomer 內(nèi)型異構體Exo isomer 外型異構體Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基團Pro-S proup 前S基團Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固體溶液Meso compound 內(nèi)消旋化合物Quasi recemate 準外消旋體Conformation 構象Conformational 構象分析Torsion angle 扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer 旋轉(zhuǎn)異構體Anti conformation 反式構象Bisecting conformation 等分構象Anti periplanar conformation 反疊構象Synperiplanar conformation 順疊構象Synclinal conformation 反錯構象Synclinal conformation 順錯構象Eclipsed conformation 重疊構象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 鄰位交叉構象Staggered conformation 對位交叉構象Steric effect 空間效應Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻轉(zhuǎn)異構體Puckered ring 折疊環(huán)Conformational inversion 構象反轉(zhuǎn)Chair conformation 椅型構象Boat conformation 船型構象Twist conformation 扭型構象Skew boat conformation 扭船型構象Half-chair conformation 半椅型構象Pseudorotation 假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelope conformation 信封型構象Axial bond 直立鍵Equatorial bond 平伏鍵Cisoid conformation 順向構象Transoid conformation 反向構象Retention of configuration 構型保持Regioselectivity 區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity 區(qū)域?qū)R恍許tereocelectivity 立體選擇性Stereospecificty 立體專一性Conformer 構象異構體Conformational effect 構象效應Crams rube 克拉姆規(guī)則Prelogrule 普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereochemical orientation 立體化學取向Conformational transmission 構象傳遞Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 鄰位Meta position 間位Para position 對位Amphi position 遠位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角雜化Molecular orbiral method 分子軌道法Valence bond method 價鍵法Delocalezed bond 離域鍵Cross conjugation 交叉共軛Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效應Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效應Hyperconjugation 超共軛Isovalent hyperconjugation 等價超共軛No-bond resonance 無鍵共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckelrule 休克爾規(guī)則Paramagnetic ring current 順磁環(huán)電流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烴Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周環(huán)反應Electrocyclic rearrangement 電環(huán)化重排Conrotatory 順旋Disroatatory 對旋Cycloaddition 環(huán)加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 對稱禁阻反應Synfacial reaction 同面反應Antarafacial reaction 異面反應Mobius system 默比烏斯體系Leois structure 路易斯結構Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共價鍵Banana bond 香蕉鍵Pauling electronegativity scale 鮑林電負性標度Polarizability 可極化性Inductive effect 誘導效應Field effect 場效應Electrical effect 電場效應tautomerism 互變異構Tautomerization 互變異構化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互變異構Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互變異構Imine-enamine atutomerism 亞胺-烯胺互變異構Ring-chain tautomerism 環(huán)-鏈互變異構Valence tautomerism 價互變異構Ambident 兩可的Solvent effect 溶劑效應Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶劑Basic solvent 堿性溶劑Dielectric constant 介電常數(shù)Solvated electron 溶劑化電子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸堿催化反應Conjugate base 共軛酸Conjugate base 共軛堿Therm odynamic acidity 熱力學酸度Kinetic acidity 動力學酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 電子給體受體絡合物Host 主體Guest 客體Primary isotope effect 一級同位素效應Secondary isotope effect 二級同位數(shù)效應Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效應Kinetic control 動力學控制Thermodynamic control 熱力學控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中間體Reactive intermediate 活潑中間體Microscopic reversibility 微觀可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假說Linear free energy 線性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非鍵相互作用Torsional effect 扭轉(zhuǎn)效應Pitzer strain 皮策張力Restricted rotation 阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsing effect 重疊效應Eclipsing strain 重疊張力Small-angle strain 小角張力Large angle strain 大角張力Transannular interaction 跨環(huán)相互作用Transannular strain 跨環(huán)張力I strain 內(nèi)張力F strain 前張力B strain 后張力Anomeric effect 端基異構效應Walden inversion 瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反轉(zhuǎn)Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 純手性的Mechanism 機理Unimolecular nucleophilic 單分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 雙分子親核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 雙分子親核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香親核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 單分子親電取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecular elimination 單分子消除Bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 單分子共軛堿消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 雙分子共軛堿消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂-allyl complex mechanism 烯丙型絡合機理Borderline mechanism 邊理機理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 異裂Heterolytic michanism 異裂機理Counrergegenion 反荷離子Ion pair 離子對Carbocation 碳正離子Nonclassical carbocation 非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion 碳負離子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid 卡賓體Carbene 卡賓Nitrene 氮賓Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 親電加成Electrophile 親電體Diaxial addition 雙直鍵加成Markovnikovs rube 馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikov addition 反馬氏加成Michael addition 邁克爾加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 親電取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除機理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 親電芳香取代Electron transfer 電子轉(zhuǎn)移Electron-donating group 給電子基團Electron-Withdrawing group 吸電子基團Deactivating group 鈍化基團Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 鄰對位定位基Meta directing group 間位定位基Ortho effect 鄰位效應Partial rate factor 分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilic reaction 親核反應Internal return 內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity 親核體Nucleophilicity 親核性-effect -效應Backside attack 背面進攻Inversion 反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrella effect 傘效應Push-pull effect 推拉效應Leaving group 離去基團Electrofuge 離電體Nucleofuge 離核體Phase-transfer catalysis 相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboring group participation 鄰基基參與Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 鄰助作用Neighboring group effect 鄰基效應Apofacial reaction 反面反應Briddgehead displacement 橋頭取代Aryl action 芳正離子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmanns反應Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷基化Exhaustive methylation 徹底甲基化Seco alkylation 斷裂烷基化Demethylation 脫甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation ?;疐ormylation 甲?;疌arbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 雙氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交換Hydroxylation 羥基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧鹵化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation 脫鹵Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脫羧硝化Nitrosation 亞硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脫磺酸基Sulfenylation 亞磺?;疭ulfonylation 磺?;疌hlorosulfenation 氯亞磺?;疌hlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Coupling reaction 偶聯(lián)反應Diazonium coupling 重氮偶聯(lián)Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶聯(lián)反應1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共軛加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氫化Oxyamination 羥氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氫甲?;疕ydroacylation 加氫?;疧xo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脫羰Hydrocarboxylation 氫羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脫氰乙基Ring clsure 環(huán)合Diene synthesis 雙烯合成Dienophile 親雙烯體Endo addition 內(nèi)型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第爾斯-爾德反應Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應Ene synthesis 單烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 負離子環(huán)加成Dipolar addition 偶極加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脫鹵化氫Deamination 脫氨基Pyrolytic elimination 熱解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脫羧Decarboxamidation 脫酰胺Decyanation 脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 閃熱裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯鍵反應Chelation 螯環(huán)化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交換Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羥烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 鹵烷基化Transacetalation 縮醛交換Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 鹵仿反應Condensation 縮合Aldol condensation 羥醛縮合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羥醛縮合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羥醛縮合Acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合Cyclization 環(huán)化Annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán)Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氫過氧化Epoxidation 環(huán)氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 電化學氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脫羧Aromatization 芳構化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氫化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氫化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氫化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脫氫Transfer hydrogenation 轉(zhuǎn)移氫化Hydrogenolysis 氫解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金屬還原Single electron transfer 單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecular reduction 雙分子還原Electrochemical reduction 電化學還原Reductive alkylation 還原烷基化Reductive acylation 還原?;疪eductive dimerization 還原二聚Deoxygenation 脫氧Desulfurization 脫硫Deselenization 脫硒Mitallation 金屬化Lithiation 鋰化Hydrometallation 氫金屬化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羥汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 奪取反應Internal abstraction 內(nèi)奪取反應Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排Double bond migration 雙鍵移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型遷移Ring contraction 環(huán)縮小反應Ring expansion,ring enlargement 擴環(huán)反應-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 頻哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆頻哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半頻哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 遷移傾向Transannular insertion 跨環(huán)插入Transannular rearrangement 跨環(huán)重排Migration 遷移Prototropy 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Cationotropic rearrangement 正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Anionotropy 負離子轉(zhuǎn)移Anionotropic rearrangement 負離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -遷移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同遷移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 親電重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻躍遷photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光異構化Photochemical rearrangement 光化學重排24 有機化合物類名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氫化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蠟Paraffin wax 石蠟Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活潑氫化合物Carbon acid 碳氫酸Super acid 超酸Diene 雙烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累積多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 鹵代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve 溶纖劑Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季銨化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亞砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehy

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