中國(guó)核電行業(yè)介紹英文版.docx

Nuclear Vision Report ProjectReport Proposal2015.5Contents1.Purpose of the research22.Plan of this project23.Energy Situation in China21)Overview22)Nuclear Energy China34.Electricity Production in China75.Nuclear Vision in China86.Strategies for Chinas nuclear power development91)Reduce the cost of nuclear power generation and enhance its market competitiveness.92)Accelerate a cleaner process of nuclear technology.93)Accelerate a more efficient process of reactor and nuclear fuel cycle development.94)Conduct effective publicity work to upload public acceptance.97.Potential cooperation between Korea and China101)Regular communication102)Radiation protection103)Training engineers together104)Exchange experience of nuclear reactor operation108.Conclusion11Reference:12With rapid economic development, China faces a great challenge to meet its increasing energy demand.Currently, Chinas energy supply is dominated by coal consumption, while natural gas and oil are inrelative short supply. At the same time, nuclear energy is a relatively clean energy without green-housegas emissions. Considering the growing cost of fossil energy and the limited resources in China, oil supply security, coal mining disasters, the domestic environment pressure, and global climate warming, nuclear energy is an inevitable strategic option, for now and the future.1. Purpose of the researchIn this project, energy situation in China, especially on the nuclear energy, will be analyzed. The economic growth and energy demands based on the present circumstances in China will be considered in the analysis. Related problems in Chinese nuclear industry will also be described, followed by some strategies for the problems. Besides, potential cooperation between South Korea and China will be discussed.2. Energy Situation in China1) OverviewChina is the worlds most populous country (1.36 billion people in 2013) and has a rapidly growing economy, which has driven the countrys high overall energy demand and the quest for securing energy resources. World BankData, Population(April 2015).China became the largest global energy consumer in 2011 and is the worlds second-largest oil consumer behind the United States. The country was a net oil exporter until the early 1990s and became the worlds second-largest net importer of crude oil and petroleum products in 2009. Chinas oil consumption growth accounted for about 43% of the worlds oil consumption growth in 2014.Fig.3-1 Total primary energy consumption in China by fuel type, 2012Natural gas use in China has also increased rapidly over the past decade, and China has sought to raise natural gas imports via pipeline and as liquefied natural gas (LNG). China is the worlds top coal producer, consumer, and importer and accounts for almost half of global coal consumption, an important factor in world energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Chinas rising coal production is the key driver behind the country becoming the worlds largest energy producer in 2009. Chinas sizeable industrialization and swiftly modernizing economy helped the country became the worlds largest power generator in 2011.Coal supplied the majority (nearly 66%) of Chinas total energy consumption in 2012. The second-largest source was petroleum and other liquids, accounting for nearly 20% of the countrys total energy consumption. Although China has made an effort to diversify its energy supplies, hydroelectric sources (8%), natural gas (5%), nuclear power (nearly 1%), and other renewables (more than 1%) accounted for relatively small shares of Chinas energy consumption. The Chinese government plans to cap coal use to 62% of total primary energy consumption by 2020 in an effort to reduce heavy air pollution that has afflicted certain areas of the country in recent years. Chinas National Energy Agency claims that coal use dropped to 64.2% of energy consumption in 2014. Facts Global Energy, China Oil & Gas Monthly, January 2015.The Chinese government set a target to raise non-fossil fuel energy consumption to 15% of the energy mix by 2020 and to 20% by 2030 in an effort to ease the countrys dependence on coal. In addition, China is currently increasing its use of natural gas to replace some coal and oil as a cleaner burning fossil fuel and plans to use natural gas for 10% of its energy consumption by 2020. World Nuclear News, China plans for nuclear growth, November 20, 2014 and FGE China Oil & Gas Monthly, Issues FocusChina Unveils Energy Targets by 2020, December 2014.Even though absolute coal consumption is expected to increase over the long term as total energy consumption rises, higher energy efficiency and Chinas goal to increase environmental sustainability are likely to lead to a decrease in coals share.2) Nuclear Energy ChinaDue to increasing concerns about air quality, climate change and fossil fuel shortages, nuclear power has been looked into as an alternative tocoal power in China. As of September 2014, Mainland China has 26 nuclear power reactors in operation, 24 under construction, and more about to start construction. Additional reactors are planned, providing 58 GWe of capacity by 2020.ChinasNational Development and Reform Commissionhas indicated the intention to raise the percentage of Chinas electricity produced by nuclear power from the current 2% to 6% by 2020. Wikipedia, Nuclear power in China.Fig.3-2 Sites of nuclear power plants in ChinaTable 3-1: Operating nuclear reactors (2015.4)UnitsProvinceNet capacity (each)TypeOperatorCommercial operationDaya Bay 1&2Guangdong944 MWeFrench M310CGN1994Qinshan Phase IZhejiang298 MWeCNP-300CNNCApril 1994Qinshan Phase II, 1&2Zhejiang610 MWeCNP-600CNNC2002, 2004Qinshan Phase II, 3&4Zhejiang620 MWeCNP-600CNNC2010, 2012Qinshan Phase III, 1&2Zhejiang678 MWeCandu 6 PHWRCNNC2002, 2003Fangjiashan 1&2Zhejiang1020 MWeCPR-1000 (M310+)CNNCDec 2014, (Feb 2015)Ling Ao Phase I, 1&2Guangdong938 MWeFrench M310CGN2002, 2003Ling Ao Phase II, 1&2Guangdong1026 MWeCPR-1000 (M310)CGNSept 2010, Aug 2011Tianwan 1&2Jiangsu990 MWeVVER-1000CNNC2007, 2007Ningde 1-3Fujian1020 MWeCPR-1000CGN & DatangApril 2013, May 2014, (mid-2015)Hongyanhe 1-3Liaoning1024 MWeCPR-1000CGN & CPIJune 2013, May 2014, (mid-2015)Yangjiang 1&2Guangdong1021 MWeCPR-1000CGNMarch 2014, (mid-2015)Fuqing 1Fujian1020 MWeCPR-1000 (M310+)CNNC & HuadianNov 2014Total: 2623,144 MWeTable 3-2: Nuclear reactors under construction and planned in China (2015.4)PlantProvinceMWe grossReactor modelProject controlConstruction startOperationHongyanheunit 4Liaoning1119CPR-1000CGN, with CPI8/09late 2015Ningdeunit 4Fujian1089CPR-1000CGN, with Datang9/10early 2016Fuqingunit 2Fujian1087CPR-1000 (M310+)CNNC, with Huadian6/092015Yangjiang 3&4Guangdong2x1089CPR-1000+CGN11/10,11/122015, 2017Sanmenunits 1&2Zhejiang2x1250AP1000CNNC3/09,12/092016, 2017Haiyangunits 1&2Shandong2x1250AP1000CPI9/09,6/1012/2015, 3/16Taishanunits 1&2Guangdong2x1750EPRCGN10/09,4/10late 2016, 2017Shandong ShidaowanShandong210HTR-PMHuaneng12/122017Fangchenggangunits 1&2Guangxi2x1080CPR-1000CGN7/10,20113/2015, 2016Changjiangunits 1&2Hainan2x650CNP-600CNNC & Huaneng4/10,11/102015, 12/2015Fuqingunits 3&4Fujian2x1080CPR-1000 (M310+)CNNC & Huadian12/10,11/12late 2015, 2017Tianwan units 3&4Jiangsu2x1060VVER-1000 V-428MCNNC12/12,9/132/2016, 3/2017Yangjiangunits 5&6Guangdong2x1080ACPR1000CGN9/13,12/132018, 2019Hongyanheunits 5&6Liaoning2x1080ACPR1000CGN, with CPI3/15, 2016*11/2019, 8/2020Shidaowanunits 1&2Shandong2x1400CAP1400SNPTC & Huaneng5/15, 8/201512/2019, 2020Fuqingunits 5&6Fujian2x1150Hualong 1CNNC & Huadian5/15, 2015*2019, 2020Fangchenggangunits 3&4Guangxi2x1150Hualong 1CGNlate 2015*Ningdeunits 5&6Fujian2x1150Hualong 1CGN & Datang2015-17*Xudabao/Xudapuunits 1&2Liaoning2x1250AP1000CNNC, Datang2015-16*2019, 2020Sanmenunits 3&4Zhejiang2x1250AP1000CNNC2015-16*Haiyangunits 3&4Shandong2x1250AP1000CPI2015-16*Lufeng (Shanwei)units 1&2Guangdong2x1250AP1000CGN2015-16*2019, 2020Fangchenggangunits 5&6Guangxi2x1250AP1000CGN2015-17Bailongunits 1&2Guangxi2x1250AP1000CPI2015-17Huizhouunits 1&2Guangdong2x1250AP1000CGN2015-18Putian, Zhangzhouunits 1&2Fujian2x100ACP100CNNC & Guodian20152017Tianwanunits 5&6Jiangsu2x1080ACPR1000CNNC2016-17Taishanunits 3&4Guangdong2x1750EPRCGN2015-18Changjiangunits 3&4Hainan2x650CNP-650 orACP-600CNNC & Huaneng2015-18Zhangzhouunits 1-4Fujian4x1250AP1000Guodian & CNNC2016Sanmingunits 1&2Fujian2x880BN-800?CNNC?2025?Taohuajiangunits 1-4Hunan (inland)4x1250AP1000CNNC2016 -18*Pengzeunits 1&2Jiangxi (inland)2x1250AP1000CPI2016-17*Xianning (Dafan)units 1&2Hubei (inland)2x1250AP1000CGN2016-17*Under construction1x11193x10891x10871x2104x12501x11502x17507x10802x6502x1060=26,313Planned:3x10805x115026x12502x17502x14002x8802x6502x100=51,050Total: 6824 Under construction36 + 8 Planned26,31351,0503. Electricity Production in ChinaChina is the worlds largest power generator, surpassing the United States in 2011. Net power generation was an estimated 5,126 TWh in 2013, up 7.5% from 2012, according to EIA estimates. Electricity generation has more than doubled since 2005, although power generation, which is mostly driven by economic and industrial demand, decelerated after the global financial recession in 2008 and 2009 and, again, starting in 2012. The industrial sector currently accounts for almost three-quarters of Chinas electricity consumption. FGE, Chinas Power Sector Developments: An Update, June 17, 2014.Annual growth in electricity generation was a decade-low 4% in 2014, according to preliminary data from NBS. This deceleration was mainly a result of significant slowdown of activity in heavy industries, especially the steel industry, as well as weather. National Bureau of Statistics of China, Statistical Communiqu of the Peoples Republic of China on the 2014 National Economic and Social Development, February 26, 2015.China plans to rely on more electric generation from nuclear, renewable sources, and natural gas to replace some coal, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions and the heavy air pollution in urban areas. Chinas installed electricity generating capacity was an estimated 1,260 gigawatts (GW) at the beginning of 2014. Chinas capacity rose by almost 90 GW from a year earlier and doubled from 630 GW in 2006. As Chinas generating capacity expanded over the past several years in response to its economic development, the countrys capacity grew to be the highest in the world. Installed capacity is expected to grow over the next decade to meet rising demand, particularly in large urban areas in the eastern and southern regions of the country. EIA projects installed capacity will double to 2,265 GW by 2040, propelled by a combination of capacity from coal, nuclear, and renewable sources. Energy Information Administration,International Energy Outlook 2013.Fossil fuel-fired power capacity has historically made up about three-fourths of installed capacity, and coal continued to dominate the electricity mix with 63% of total capacity in 2013. However, non-fossil fuels have been increasing their portion of installed capacity over the past few years.Fig 4-1 Chinas installed electricity capacity share by fuel, 20134. Nuclear Vision in ChinaAlthough nuclear generation is a small portion of the countrys total power generation portfolio, China is actively promoting nuclear power as a clean, efficient, and reliable source of electricity generation. China generated 106 TWh of nuclear power in 2013, making up only 2% of total net generation. However, the country rapidly expanded its nuclear capacity in the past few years, which will likely boost nuclear generation in the next few years. Chinas net installed nuclear capacity was more than 23 GW as of April 2015 after the country added ten reactors with more than 10 GW since the beginning of 2013. International