第一講_英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析.doc

華杰MBA:語(yǔ)法專題cd教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：1：掌握五種基本句型2：了解除Be以外的其他四種系動(dòng)詞。3：了解接TO和FOR的雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有哪些。4：能夠區(qū)分雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)得區(qū)別。ba第一講 英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子的劃分I. 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：簡(jiǎn)單句S+V（主+謂） S+V+P(主+謂+表) S+V+O（主+謂+賓） S+V+o+O（主+謂+間賓+直賓） S+V+O+C（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)） 并列句 and, but, or 復(fù)合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同） 副詞從句（狀語(yǔ)從句） 形容詞從句（定語(yǔ)從句）II. 根據(jù)功能劃分： 陳述句 疑問(wèn)句（一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反義疑問(wèn)句，修辭疑問(wèn)句） 祈使句 感嘆句III. 根據(jù)句子成分：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)詞匯 短語(yǔ) 從句一陳述句（五種句型）1. I am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。2. Internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。3. I like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。5. We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞五種句型I am a webaholic表語(yǔ)1.主+謂+表Chatting on the internetis Interesting表語(yǔ)Internet dating hurts2.主+謂I likeChatting online賓語(yǔ)3.主+謂+賓Chatting on the internetbringsme間接賓語(yǔ)a lot of fun直接賓語(yǔ)4.主+謂+間賓+直賓We can callInternet addicts賓語(yǔ)a webaholic賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)5.主+謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)I. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞： 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn口訣：好是come，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢(qián)緩緩run;顏色、天氣大不同turn；Get become口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它.口訣解讀：Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。如：Dreams come true. 夢(mèng)想成真。Go 一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。如：Its such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太熱了，菜都餿了。Grow 表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢變老。Run 與grow 是對(duì)應(yīng)的，其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗的東西。如：Still water runs deep.靜水深流。Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天樹(shù)變綠了，花開(kāi)了。Getbecome在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對(duì)正式些，其主語(yǔ)既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他變得很生氣。總之，不管英語(yǔ)多么“變”化多端，萬(wàn)“變”不離其宗。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的終極目標(biāo)還是為了與人交流，所以多在交流中使用這些“變化”詞，才能真正掌握其內(nèi)涵。系詞be它有三，am is are ，我（I）用am，you（你）用are，is 用于他她它；單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，認(rèn)真做題不出差。（否句be后not加，疑問(wèn)句，be句首，句尾？不要丟。） 保持某種狀態(tài)：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. 看起來(lái)，好像：Appear, look, seem. 感官動(dòng)詞：Feel, smell, sound, taste.II. 代雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞“七給”一“帶”to不少,“買(mǎi)”畫(huà)“制作”for來(lái)了。帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前,必須在變換時(shí)“to”或“for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括為下邊兩句話,讀起來(lái)妙趣橫生,效果很好1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等2、“buy”(買(mǎi));“draw”(畫(huà));“make”(制作)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(訂購(gòu)）,reach等。3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后如：Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西Give it to me。把它給我4、 有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. 我問(wèn)約翰I asked a question. 我問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題I asked John a question.我問(wèn)了約翰一個(gè)問(wèn)題5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟介詞to,不能進(jìn)行直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?6、 易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞搶劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (錯(cuò)誤）正確的說(shuō)法：rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.類似的還有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 從-中除去（不好的東西）supply sb with sth 供給某人某物provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cheat sb of sth 騙取某人某物inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of sth 警告某人某情況charge sb with sth 指責(zé)某人某事二疑問(wèn)句1.一般疑問(wèn)句Is this seat taken?Yes, it is/ No, it isnt.需要用yes或no來(lái)回答。語(yǔ)序一般為：助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)？Practice：Have you been there?_Didnt you tell him about it yesterday?_2.特殊疑問(wèn)句你什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)？When You began to study English. Did you begin to study English?when did you begin to study English?你在想什么？WhatSomething is in your mind.Whats in your mind? 小結(jié)：用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提問(wèn)。語(yǔ)序：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句 或 疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。More Practice：What time is convenient for you?你什么時(shí)候方便？Whats going on here?發(fā)生了什么事？/回事？3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句：Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？Did you speak to them, or did the manager?Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?1. 提供兩種或兩種以上情形供對(duì)方選擇。2. 不用Yes或no來(lái)回答。3. 反意疑問(wèn)句1. 附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)得事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)。2. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)有兩種形式：陳述肯定，則所附問(wèn)句否定；陳述句否定，則所附問(wèn)句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician.Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?Boy: No Daddy.You have completed that job, havent you?You have not completed that job, have you?三祈使句：1. 用以表示請(qǐng)求，命令，勸告，建議等語(yǔ)氣的句子。2. 主語(yǔ)You 常省略，只以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。3. 一般沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化，不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont get me wrong.Lets just have a rest.Lets hope for the best.Let bygones be bygonesMake hay while sun shines.四感嘆句：1. 主要由what和how來(lái)引導(dǎo)。2. What 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種A What a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)部分！What a lovely boy he is! B. What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)部分！ What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)! C. What + a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)！ 3. How 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種： A. How+形容詞/副詞+主謂部分 How lovely the boy is! How fast the time flies!B. How +形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主謂部分 How lovely a boy he is!C. How+主謂部分（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)） How I hate exam! 我真煩考試！ How he snores! 他鼾聲如雷！(二) practice 1.分析下文劃線句子的成分 Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “Ill bet you $ 100 that I can bite my left eye.” The wager（賭注）was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and bit it. “Now,” he said, ”I will give you a chance to win your money back. Ill bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “he cant have two glass eyes,” Thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down his money.Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.2.分析下列句子成分，并判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型。Time flies by.Im on a diet.I own you one.It slipped my mind.Old habits die hard.I enjoy your company.I cant stand the heat.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.He speaks English well.Teachers will make your English better. They found the dead boy. They found the boy dead. I found the book easily. I found the book easy. Tom found Jim an apartment. We found John a loyal friend.I will find you a good teacher.She will make him a good wife.She will make him a good husband.3.分析下列句子中的雙賓語(yǔ)，并試著用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~改寫(xiě)句子。Give a thief enough rope and he will hang himself._Can you recommend me a good novel?_He bui