《解放宣言》中英對照版.doc

解放宣言公元1862年9月22日2合眾國總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)布一項宣言，包括以下內(nèi)容，即：從公元1863年1月1日起，任何一州或州內(nèi)標明地區(qū)的人仍把他人作為奴隸，將視為背叛聯(lián)邦政府，所有被當作奴隸的人從即日起，將會獲得永久自由；聯(lián)邦執(zhí)政府，包括陸軍，海軍當局，將認可和保衛(wèi)這些人的自由，對這樣的群體或單獨一人為獲得實在的自由而做的任何努力，將不采取單一行動或聯(lián)合行動去壓制。自1863年1月1日起，政府將依據(jù)宣言明確哪一州或州內(nèi)某地區(qū)的人們分別背叛聯(lián)邦政府。以事實為判斷依據(jù)，從即日起，任何一州和它的人民都要由有選舉資格的大多數(shù)人投票選出他們信任的代表，參加合眾國的國會。如無明顯的抵制證據(jù)，則可確認該州及州內(nèi)人民無背叛聯(lián)邦政府的跡象。為此，我，亞伯拉罕林肯合眾國的總統(tǒng)，以合眾國陸海軍總司令的權威，在發(fā)生背叛聯(lián)邦政府和權威的事實之時，作為適當和必要的手段估，對叛亂進行了武力鎮(zhèn)壓。值此公元1863年1月1日，距離為平叛目的而公開發(fā)表宣言的時間整整一百天的時候，我明確宣布以下各州和州內(nèi)部分地區(qū)以及那里的人們背叛了聯(lián)邦政府，這就是：阿肯色州、得克薩斯州、路易斯安那州（圣伯納德、普拉克明斯、杰斐遜、圣約翰、圣查爾斯、圣詹姆斯、阿森松、阿桑普申、特勒博恩、拉富什、圣馬丁和奧爾良、包括新奧爾良城，以上教區(qū)除外）、密西西比州、亞拉巴馬州、佛羅里達州、佐治亞州、南羅萊納州、北卡羅萊納州、弗吉尼亞州、（標明為西弗吉尼亞的48個縣，還有伯克利縣、阿康瑪克縣、北安普頓縣、伊麗莎白市、約克、安公主、諾?？?、包括諾?？耸小⒑推沾拿┧故?，以上地區(qū)除外）這些地區(qū)，不包括除外的地區(qū)，目前看來完全保持宣言頒布前的狀態(tài)。以權力的效能和前述的意圖，我命令和宣告，前述標明的各州和某些州的部分地區(qū)被作為奴隸的人，從即日起，將會獲得自由；合眾國執(zhí)政府，包括陸軍和海軍當局，將從可及保衛(wèi)前述之人的自由。在此我要特別告誡已宣布獲得自由的人民，要戒絕所有暴力，除非出于自衛(wèi)的必要；我還勸告他們，在所有正常情況下，要為獲得公平的薪水付出誠實的勞動。我進一步宣告，讓人民家喻戶曉，符合條件的人將接納進入聯(lián)邦軍隊服役，去保衛(wèi)炮臺、車站和其他地方，也可以在各種艦船上服役。對于這一行動，我衷心地相信是一個正義之舉，是憲法授權的軍事措施，我祈求人類對此行動做出慎重的裁斷，祈求萬能的上帝給予慈祥的恩惠。因而，為此我抬起手，蓋上合眾國的大印。于華盛頓，公元1863年1月1日，美利堅合眾國獨立八十七年。總統(tǒng)：亞伯拉罕林肯國務卿：威廉西華德The Emancipation ProclamationWhereas, on the twenty-second day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people where of shall then be in rebellion against the United State, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free: and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of the States, if any, in which the people thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United Stated by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall in the absence if strong countervailing testimony be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States.Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and the government of the United Sates, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of 100 days from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following to wit:Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.And by virtue of the power aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of the States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, shall recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defense; and I recommend to them that, in all cases where allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to men vessels of all sorts in said service.And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States To be affixed.Done at the city of Washington, the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.By the President: Abraham LincolnWilliam H. Seward, Secretary of State導讀：1862年12月30日下午和第二天上午，林肯重新寫了宣言的全文，他從容不迫，寫得很慢，字跡清晰無誤，像經(jīng)典似的莊嚴。他曾告訴薩納姆（廢奴主義運動的一位領袖譯者注）：“我十分清楚地知道，與這個文件相聯(lián)系的名字永遠不會被人們遺忘?！比臉銓崯o華，嚴謹而簡潔。句子既各自獨立又互相映襯，渾然一體。元旦上午，政府管理機構和陸海軍各部門的高級官員以及身佩金色綬帶、頭戴大禮帽的外交使團的成員，紛紛到達白宮，參加總統(tǒng)每年例行的招待會。白宮中長長的門廊、走道和草坪上都擠滿了旁觀者和看熱鬧的人。總統(tǒng)開始和人們握手致意，一直持續(xù)了三個小時。當天下午，西華德和他的兒子弗雷德里克帶著林肯親自起草的解放宣言全文來上面簽字。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)林肯獨自一人在他的辦公室。他們把那張寬大的紙推開放在他面前的桌子上。林肯把蘸水筆在墨水瓶里蘸了一下，拿著筆在紙上猶豫著，環(huán)顧左右，然后說：“在我一生中，我從來沒有像在這個文件上簽字這樣更加確信自己是做得正確的。但是我從上午9點起就