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one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個it 與所指名詞為同一個。 I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定) 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。 The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個) 你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。 I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物) 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure(NMET2002) Athat Bone Cit Dwhat 此題的正確答案為B,這里one作代詞,指代a moment,在句中作an unforgettable moment的同位語。 (一)下面就one在中學(xué)英語中的常見用法作簡要?dú)w納: 一、one作人稱代詞可以籠統(tǒng)地指任何人、某一伙人中的一個人或說話人。當(dāng)one籠統(tǒng)地指任何人時(shí),其用法相當(dāng)于you指代任何人。在書面語中,one比you更常見。 1One cant succeed without working hard一個人不努力工作是不會成功的。 2He is the one who never troubles about personal interests他是一個從不計(jì)較個人利益的人。 二、one作為人稱代詞,其所有格為ones,反身代詞為oneself。如果 one用于句首,后面再用代詞one, oneself或 ones,可以用he,him, himself或his代替。在反意疑問句中,若主語是one,疑問部分代詞可用 one或he。 1One should give oneselfhimself plenty of time to rest一個人應(yīng)該給自己留出充足的休息時(shí)間。 2One has his own right to speak out his mind at the meeting,doesnt one he?在會議上人們有權(quán)說出自己的想法,對嗎? 三、one作代詞,代替前面提到的人或物,以避免重復(fù)。此時(shí)one只能代替可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。 one或ones用于this,that,these, those,either,neither或形容詞最高級后面時(shí),常??梢允÷浴?1The new designs are much better than the old ones這些新設(shè)計(jì)比那些舊的好得多。 2I think my dog is the fastest(one)我想我的狗是跑得最快的一條。 四、有時(shí)one ones的前面可以用冠詞。用不定冠詞a an時(shí),one的前面必須有形容詞修飾。當(dāng)數(shù)詞加 ones時(shí),ones常省略,當(dāng)ones有形容詞修飾時(shí),則不能省略。另外,名詞所有格后面,也常省略one ones,若 one ones有形容詞修飾,則不能省略。 1Your car isnt fast enoughLets take Toms你的車不夠快,咱們乘湯姆的吧。 2My computer doesnt work well May I use your new one?我的計(jì)算機(jī)工作不正常。我可以用你的新的嗎?五、中學(xué)英語中還有一些由one構(gòu)成的常用短語和固定結(jié)構(gòu)。下面僅列舉幾個常用的重點(diǎn)短語和固定結(jié)構(gòu):one by one(一個一個地), one or two(一兩個;很少的),one after the other one after another(一個接一個), for one thingfor another(首先再者;一方面另一方面)。 1There are still one or two problems to be settled仍然有一兩個問題需要解決。 2I cant travel this summerFor one thing,Im short of money; for another,I have not much spare time今年夏天我不能旅游了。首先,我缺錢;再者,我也沒有太多的空余時(shí)間。 1)不用that的情況 a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。 (錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介詞后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。 b)在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which。 c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí),只用that。 d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí),只用that。. e)先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。 舉例: All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 it是個非常簡單的單詞,但其用法卻很靈活。it可以作代詞,也可以作引導(dǎo)詞。現(xiàn)結(jié)合部分高考試題說說它的一些用法: 一、作代詞 1. 用作人稱代詞,指代上文提到的事物。 原題再現(xiàn) I was disappointed with the film. I had expected _ to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D. it 答案: D 2. 指代動物、嬰兒或未知的人。 原題再現(xiàn) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 答案: D 3. 用作非人稱代詞,表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離等。 原題再現(xiàn) _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is 答案: D 二、 作引導(dǎo)詞 it除作代詞外,還可用作引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)詞本身無實(shí)義,只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用。 1. 作形式主語,代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正的主語。 常用it作形式主語的句式有: 1)It+be+adj. / n. + ( for / of sb.) to do sth. 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)形容詞是表示不定式邏輯主語的特征或?qū)傩?如:wise, bright, kind, nice等)時(shí),介詞用of;當(dāng)形容詞是說明不定式短語(如:important, possible, necessary, strange等)時(shí),介詞要用for。例如: It is impossible (for so few workers) to do so much work in a single day. It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes. 2)It+be+adj. / n.+clause.例如: It is certain that Tom will do well in the exam. 3)It+be+adj. / 意義相當(dāng)于形容詞的名詞詞組+動名詞. 例如: Its no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big. 4)It+take+(sb.) some time / some money+to do sth. 例如: It will take them more than ten years to complete the Three Gorges Dam. 5)It+be+said / reported / told等+that-clause. 例如: It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 6)It+vt.+sb.+that-clause. 例如: It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 原題再現(xiàn) _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It In fact_ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 答案: D D 2. 作形式賓語,代替由不定式、動詞的ing形式或從句表示的真正賓語。 常用it作形式賓語的句式有: 1)S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+(for sb.) to do sth. 例如: Do you think it possible for them to send an engineer there? 2)S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+doing sth. 例如: You must find it exciting working here. 3)S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+that-clause. 例如: I think it a pity that you didnt try harder. 原題再現(xiàn) Dont_that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted 答案: D 3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語、賓語或狀語,常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that / who+非強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。 原題再現(xiàn) _was in 1979_I graduated from university. A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when 答案: B 三、it, one和that作替代詞的用法及區(qū)別 it, one和that雖然都可以用來替代前面所提到的一個單數(shù)名詞,以避免重復(fù),但在具體用法上卻有不同。簡述如下: 1. it代替前面提到的同一事物,該事物既可以是可數(shù)名詞也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。 原題再現(xiàn) The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _? A. did they B. didnt they C. did it D. didnt it 答案: D 2. one代替前面提到的同類事物中的一個。該事物只能是可數(shù)名詞,前面可以有冠詞,也可以被this、that或形容詞修飾,其后也可

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