祈使句的用法講解.doc

祈使句的用法講解1、概述祈使句(imperative sentence)表命令、警告、提醒、建議、請(qǐng)求、叮囑、號(hào)召等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)you通常省略，句末用嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)。Knock at the door before entering, please.進(jìn)來時(shí)請(qǐng)敲門！（建議）Try some of this juice-perhaps youll take it.嘗點(diǎn)這種果汁，也許你會(huì)要。（建議）Look out! There is a train coming.注意！火車來了?。ㄌ嵝眩￤ear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 請(qǐng)穿結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子，因?yàn)槲覀円咴S多的路。（叮囑）At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. 開始時(shí)，盡可能多多地收集郵票。（建議）Leave her where she is ! 讓她留在原地?。睿㏄ut your coat at once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服。我們必須快點(diǎn)。（命令）Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，來獻(xiàn)血吧，這會(huì)挽救很多人的生命。（號(hào)召）2、祈使句的另外表達(dá)方式（1）“No名詞或動(dòng)名詞” 表示祈使句“No名詞或動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示禁止的祈使，一般用于指示、標(biāo)牌、布告等。No smoking! 禁止吸煙！ No spitting!不準(zhǔn)隨地吐痰！No litter! 不準(zhǔn)亂扔果皮紙屑！ No entry!不許入內(nèi)！No thoroughfare!禁止通行！ No scribbling on the wall!墻上不準(zhǔn)涂寫！No admittance except on business!非公莫入！（2）“have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使句這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于stop doing， 意為“禁止”。有時(shí)表示“結(jié)束、停止”。 Have done scolding him. 不要再責(zé)備他了。Have done!住手！Have done running!跑完了?。▌e跑了?。?）“be V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使句Be guided by reason!理智些！ Be seated! 請(qǐng)坐！Be persuaded by your father! 聽你父親的話！ Be gone! 滾?。?）“be+ V-ing” 結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使句Dont be looking out of the window! 勿將頭伸出窗外！Do be doing your homework when I come in.我進(jìn)來時(shí)，你一定在做作業(yè)吧！（5）無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句一般來講，祈使句都要有動(dòng)詞，但是有些用于口號(hào)、告示等的祈使句卻是沒有動(dòng)詞。主要有：名詞短語(yǔ)；介詞短語(yǔ)；名詞代詞副詞形容詞；形容詞名詞代詞；副詞with等。Dont all speak at once! One at a time, please.不要一起說，一次一個(gè)！One more week, and well accomplish the task.再給我一星期，我就會(huì)完成任務(wù)。Patience! 耐心點(diǎn)！ Your turn. 輪到您了。 After you! 您先請(qǐng)！Now for it! 干起來吧！On with your cap. 帶上帽子。Danger!危險(xiǎn)！Poison!有毒！ Over! 完畢！ Bottom up!干杯！None of that again! 不要在那樣！ None of your nonsense!不要胡說八道！Hand up!舉起手來！ Hands off!無(wú)動(dòng)手！Off with it!把它拿下來！ Up with the box!把箱子放下！ Eyes left!向右看齊！ None of your impudence!休要無(wú)理！None of your little trick! 不要再玩鬼把戲?。?）let祈使句 Lets祈使句lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句，包括聽話者本人在內(nèi)，表示建議，反意問句用shall we。相當(dāng)于I (We) suggest that you and I(we)。Lets begin, shall we?我們開始好嗎？Lets go home.我們回家吧！ Let me(us, him, her, it, them) 祈使句該結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方允許自己干某事，不包括對(duì)方（you）在內(nèi)，let相當(dāng)于allow，意為please allow us或you allow us ，反意問句要用will you。Let all the children be well educated!讓所有的孩子都得到良好的教育。Let him go where he might, I dont care.他想上那就讓他去，我不管！Let us know your name, will you?讓我們知道你的名字好嗎？ let祈使句否定let 祈使句的否定可以為lets not/let me(us) not或Dont lets/ let me(us)但let him等第三人稱否定式為Dont let him。其他人稱亦可用Dont let。Dont let her disturb you！別讓她妨礙我！Lets not be in such a hurry!讓我們別這樣急！ let祈使句強(qiáng)調(diào)let祈使句強(qiáng)調(diào)的強(qiáng)調(diào)式為Do lets或Do let us。Do let her go!一定讓她走！Do lets go climbing.我們一定去爬山！ Let there be 結(jié)構(gòu)No + v-ing其時(shí)句常用let there be 代替。No parking here.= Let there be no parking here. 不準(zhǔn)在此停車?。?）“why not動(dòng)詞原形”等結(jié)構(gòu)表示祈使概念“why not動(dòng)詞原形”；“why 動(dòng)詞原形” “youd better/best+do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示祈使概念，用來表達(dá)方式，提出委婉建議，指責(zé)，反問等。-I usually go there by train.我通常坐火車去？-Why not try going by boat for a change?怎么不坐船換換口味。Youd better go to school early tomorrow. 明天你最好早點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Susan,去和你姐姐掃院子。-Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing. 為什么叫我去？John坐在那閑著。3、祈使句可以用被動(dòng)形式Dont be cheated by what he said.不要被他說的話所欺騙。Dont be forced to do that again.不要再被脅迫做那種事了。4、祈使句的主語(yǔ)祈使句的主語(yǔ)多為不言而喻的you,一般不出現(xiàn)。但若是要強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)；或表示急躁、厭煩、不高興、憤怒等感情色彩；表示向誰(shuí)請(qǐng)求或發(fā)出命令，祈使句可有主語(yǔ)，除you外可以用不代詞one, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone或名詞。 當(dāng)說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)或上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)，長(zhǎng)者對(duì)年青人或小孩講話時(shí)。-Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?愛麗絲，你去喂鳥好嗎？-Yes. But I fed it yesterday.好，但我昨天喂了。You take care when you cross the road.你過馬路時(shí)要小心。You speak first.你先講。Tom, listen to me.湯姆，聽我說。You be careful.你要仔細(xì)點(diǎn)。John, open the door!約翰，去開門！ 當(dāng)說話人有急躁、厭煩、不高興、憤怒等感情色彩Come here, you! 你，過來！（放句尾，表示輕視、傲視）You do it right away.你立刻做這件事You mind your own business, and leave this to me.你別管閉事，把此事留給我好了。 當(dāng)說話人必須指明不同的事要求不同的人去做時(shí)。You clean the windows，and you(another man)mop the floor.你擦窗戶，你(指另一個(gè)人)拖地板。You go over there and sit next to Tom，while he and I stay here.你到那里坐在湯姆旁邊，我和他留在這里。 當(dāng)祈使句的主語(yǔ)是someone，somebody，everyone，everybody等泛指第三人稱時(shí)。Someone call a taxi.你去叫車?。ㄏ喈?dāng)于You，不用calls）Someone open that window.來個(gè)人把那扇窗戶打開。Everybody be here at7:30. 大家7:30到這里。 當(dāng)祈使句謂語(yǔ)部分有副詞up，down，in，out，off，away等，且這些副詞置于句首時(shí)。In you jump! 你跳進(jìn)去吧!Out you come.請(qǐng)你出來。 當(dāng)祈使句以Dont開頭又要加重語(yǔ)氣時(shí)。Dont you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再搗亂。Dont you be late again next time.你下次不要再來晚了。5、祈使句的否定祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)一般是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do not或用dont（口語(yǔ)中），有時(shí)也可用never，若祈使句有主語(yǔ)，否定詞用dont或never要置于主語(yǔ)之前，不可用do not。Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to對(duì)不起，Joe。我不是故意要Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Parker to you, and dont you forget it! 不要叫我Joe。我是Parker先生，不要忘了。Dont touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. 除非老師叫你動(dòng)，否則就不要?jiǎng)尤魏螙|西。Dont reach sideways while standing on a ladder.站在梯子上的時(shí)候，不要側(cè)身子伸手去拿東西。Dont anyone make noise!都別說話了！Dont you ever forget it!(不能說Do not you)別忘了。Dont you believe it.決不要相信他。Never be late again.別再遲到了。6、肯定祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定祈使句可用助動(dòng)詞do加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，常譯為“務(wù)必、一定要”。Do save me!天那?。ň染任野桑〥o come in.請(qǐng)進(jìn)。Do be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時(shí)務(wù)必小心。Do give my regards to your parents.請(qǐng)務(wù)必代我向你的父母問好。7、“祈使句and/or陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)（1）祈使句+ and(then，and then)+陳述句在這個(gè)句型中，前邊祈使句+ and(then，and then)相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件句。Come early，and youll catch the first bus. =If you come early，youll catch the first bus.來早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上第一班汽車。Use your head，then youll find a way.開動(dòng)腦筋，那么你就會(huì)找到辦法。One more word，and Ill get angry with you如果你再說一句話，我就生你的氣了。Another week，and the railway station will be completed再有一周，火車站就完工了。（2）祈使句+（or，or else，otherwise）+陳述句在這個(gè)句型中，前邊祈使句+（or，or else，otherwise）相當(dāng)于unless引導(dǎo)的條件句。Work hard，otherwise，youll fail. = Unless you work hard，youll fail.努力干，要不，你會(huì)失敗的。Use your head，or e