17.狀語從句.doc

專項（十七） 狀語從句一狀語從句的概念：狀語從句指在主從復(fù)合句中用作狀語的從句。二狀語從句的分類：狀語從句按其意義可分為時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，地點狀語從句，目的狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，方式狀語從句等。三狀語從句的用法：（一）時間狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞：（1）常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。-Things were different when I was a child.-Its a long time since I last met you.（2）本來不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞：表示“一就”的從屬連詞：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen等。-I told him the news immediately he came. -The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.涉及time的幾個從屬連詞：every/each time(每次), any time(隨時), the first time(第一次), (the) next time(下次), (the) last time(上次)。-He felt nervous each time she spoke to him.-He didnt tell me the truth the last time I saw him.2時間狀語從句要注意的問題：當(dāng)主句為將來時或具有將來意義時，從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義（主將從現(xiàn)）：-Turn off the lights before you leave.-I will tell him as soon as he arrives.since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時意為“自從”，主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時：-He has lived here since he came.-It has been five years since we met last time.before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，往往表示主句的動作先于從句的動作發(fā)生，before可翻譯為：“才”“就”“還沒有”等。-It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. 再過五年他才能回國。-It wont be long before we meet again. 過不了多久我們就會再見面的。-Leave me before I change my mind. 在我還沒有改變主意前快離開我。until和till都表示“直到”，?？苫Q，但till不用于句首和強調(diào)句。until/till從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，還可用完成時強調(diào)動作的完成和結(jié)束。not until/till“直到才”。-You may stay here until the rain stops.-He wont go to bed until his mother returns. -I waited until he had done his homework. （二）條件狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞：if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, suppose, supposing, provided, providing, assuming (that)等。-As long as it doesnt rain we can go.-In case I forget, please remind me about it.-Ill go provided/providing the children can come with me.2條件狀語從句要注意的問題：當(dāng)主句為將來時或具有將來意義時，從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義（主將從現(xiàn)）：-I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.unless意思相當(dāng)于ifnot，引導(dǎo)的從句中不能再用否定式：-I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.=I will go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.suppose/supposing (that) /assuming (that)常用來提出一個假定的條件，詢問可能的解決方法或可能出現(xiàn)的情況，所以多為疑問句。-Suppose/Supposing/Assuming (that) he doesnt come, shall we go without him? 假如他不來，是不是不帶他去？（三）地點狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞：where, wherever（where表示特定的地點，wherever表示非特定的地點。）-Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。-Make a mark where you have any question.-I will go wherever you go.2地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，從句前應(yīng)該有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞，而狀語從句前無先行詞：-Go back where you came from. (狀語從句)-Go back to the village where you came from. (定語從句)（四）目的狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞：in order that, so that, in case, for fear (that)等。-Speak clearly so that they may understand you.-Shut the window for fear that it may rain.2目的狀語從句要注意的問題：so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時有時可省略so只用that，有時也可只用so：-Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better.目的狀語從句可用表目的的不定式短語或介詞短語替換，但主句和從句的主語必須一致：-He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. = He got up early so as to catch the early bus.-He came in quietly in order that he shouldnt wake his wife. = He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife.-He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. = He left an hour early for fear of missing the train.（五）結(jié)果狀語從句：1結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞：so that, sothat, suchthat等。-He studied hard so that he passed the exam.-He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.2結(jié)果狀語從句要注意的問題：sothat與suchthat用法比較：a. so+形容詞/副詞(+a+名詞)；such +a+形容詞+名詞單數(shù)/such+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞：-He is so clever a child that we all like him.-He is such a clever child that we all like him.-They are such clever children that we all like them.b. so可與表示數(shù)量的much, many, little, few連用修飾名詞而such不可以：（little表示“小”時用such）-He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family.-He is such a little child that he can do nothing.so that和sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句可與表結(jié)果的so as to和soas to轉(zhuǎn)換：-He arrived late so that he missed the train. = He arrived late so as to miss the train.-He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. = He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes.（六）原因狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞：because, as, since, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that等。-He cant have gone because the light is on.-Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors.2原因狀語從句要注意的問題：not becausebut because 不是因為而是因為-I didnt help him, not because I was unwilling, but because I was unable to do it.seeing that, considering that與in that 在一般情況下可以互換，但前兩者中that可省，in that中的that則不能省，且一般放在主句之后：-Considering/Seeing (that) he is so young, I wont punish him.because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時可與because of轉(zhuǎn)換：-He cant come because he is ill. = He cant come because of his illness.（七）讓步狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞：although, though, even though, even if, while, whetheror, wh-+ever等。-Although he is poor, he is still happy.-We will go even if it rains.-While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.-Ill do it whether you like it or not.-Whoever you are, you cant come in.2讓步狀語從句要注意的問題：although/though 可與yet或still連用，但不與but連用：-Though I believe it, yet I must consider.whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句從句時可換成no matter：-Whatever you say, I believe you. = No matter what you say, I believe you.-Whenever you come, you are welcome. = No matter when you come, you are welcome.whatever, whoever, whichever除了可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，此時不能換成no matter:-I believe whatever you say.-Here are two gifts. You can choose whichever you like.however兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：（有時該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語和謂語可以有所省略） however+主語+謂語： however+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語：-However you come, be sure to come early.-However cold it is, she always goes swimming.-He was of some help, however small (it was).（八）方式狀語從句：1引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞：as(像一樣), as if, as though。-You must do as yours parents tell you.-He spoke as if he had been there before.2方式狀語從句要注意的問題：A is to B what C is to D “A對B而言正如C對D一樣”-Air is to us what water is to fish.as it is/was常用于句末表示“按原來的樣子，照現(xiàn)在的樣子”，若前面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)則用as they are/were：-Leave it as it is. 別動它。-State the facts as they are. 按照實際情況把事實說出來。四狀語從句的省略：（一）在時間，條件，方式等狀語從句中，如果主從句的主語一致，且從句的謂語包括be時，可將從句的主語和be動詞省略：-He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.-He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak.-Often she would weep when (she was) alone.（二）有些由if構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語：if any, if not, if so, if necessary, if possible。-If necessary, ring me.-Come tomorrow if possible.-He may be busy. If so, Ill call later. If not, can I see him now?鞏固練習(xí)：1. -John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. (2002全國卷) A. which B. when C. so that D. as if2. Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. (2003全國卷) A. unless B. since C. although D. when3. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity_ he reaches the end of the story. (2003上海卷) A. when B. unless C. after D. until4. -How far apart do they live? -_ I know, they live in the same neighborhood.(2003上海卷) A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as5. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. (2003北京卷) A. until B. when C. before D. as6. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. (2004上海卷) A. when B. while C. since D. once7. Parents should take their childrens requests for sunglasses seriously _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. (2004 上海卷) A. because B. though C. unless D. if8. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (2004福建卷) A. since B. after C. before D. when9. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (2004江蘇卷) A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless10. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. (2004湖北卷) A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever11. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station. (2004遼寧卷) A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever12. _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre. (2004吉林卷) A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless13. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. (2005北京卷) A. before B. since C. after D. when14. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. (2005遼寧卷) A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as15. Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _you have to wait. (2005廣東卷) A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that16. The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. (2005廣東卷) A. after B. before C. when D. then17. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. (2005湖南卷) A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though18. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost is. (2004 浙江卷) A. however B.