高中英語劃分句子成分句式練習題及答案

英語句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞） We often speak English in class.（代詞） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞） The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下： 1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） Is it yours?（代詞） The weather has turned cold.（形容詞） The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語） Time is up. The class is over.（副詞） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語） I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語） Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句） 狀語種類如下： How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結果狀語） She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語） I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）英語句子結構英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結構S十V十F主系表結構S十V十O主謂賓結構S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構說明：S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓語補足語五個基本句式詳細解釋如下：1S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他們聽得很仔細。He suffered from cold and hunger他挨凍受餓。China belongs to the third world country中國屬于第三世界國家。The gas has given out煤氣用完了。My ink has run out我的鋼筆水用完了。2S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系動詞(link v)，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：He is older than he looks他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book他似乎對這本書感興趣。The story sounds interesting這個故事聽起來有趣。The desk feels hard書桌摸起來很硬。The cake tastes nice餅嘗起來很香。The flowers smell sweet and nicc花聞起來香甜。You have grown taller than before你長得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill他突然病倒了。He stood quite still他靜靜地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up他長大后當了教師。注意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構成SVO句式，例如：He looked me up and down他上下打量我。He reached his hand to feel the elephant他伸出手來摸象。They are tasting the fish他們在品嘗魚。They grow rice in their home town他們在家鄉(xiāng)種水稻。Hes got a chair to sit on他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English請把這個句于澤成英語。3S十V十O句式在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt)，因此有賓語。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部電影。 Have you read the story? 你讀過這個故事嗎?They found their home easily他們很容易找到他們的家。They built a house last year他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印heyve put up a factory in the village他們在村里建了一座工廠。They have taken good care of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好。You should look after your children well你應該好好照看你的孩子。4S十V十O1十O2句式在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me他給我一本書。He brought me a pen/a pen to me他帶給我一枝鋼筆。He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位讓給我。注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 媽媽給我買了一本書。He got me a chair/a chair for me他給我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me請幫我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me他問我個問題。注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：They robbed the old man of his money他們搶了老人的錢。Hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危險。The doctor has cured him of his disease醫(yī)生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of th erats我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak他們剝奪了他說話的權利。5S十V十O十C句式在此句式中，V是有賓語補足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞常見的可接賓語補足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補，須根據(jù)動詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請看下面的例子。They made the girl angry他們使這個女孩生氣了。They found her happy that day他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。I found him out我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。I saw him in我見他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。They named the boy Charlie他們給這個男孩起名為查理。I saw him come in and go out我見他進來又出去。They felt the car moving fast他們感到汽車行駛得很快。I heard the glass broken just now我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。He found the doctor of study closed to him他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關閉了。練習一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（）、補語（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 三、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where四、分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her，child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.五、區(qū)分復合句，簡單句，并列句。I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China？Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.練習：一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表語；7、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；13、形式賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；16、賓語(間賓+直賓)；17、狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補；19、賓補；20、表語三、15 CBDBB 610 ACBAB1. 主語 系動詞 表語 2. 主語 系動詞 表語 3. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語 4. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 5. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 6. 主語 動詞 形式賓語 it 賓語補足語+賓語7. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 8. 主語 系動詞 表語 9. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語 10. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 11. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 12 主語 及物動詞 賓語13. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 14. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語 15. 主語 系動詞 表語 16. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語 17. 主語 系動詞 表語 18. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語19. 主語 不及物動詞 20. 主語 不及物動詞 21. 主語 系動詞 表語 22. 主語 系動詞 表語 23. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 24. 主語 不及物動詞25. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 26. 主語 不及物動詞 27. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 28. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 29. 主語 及物動詞 賓語 30. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語I hope you are very well（復合句）. Im fine, but tired（簡單句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（簡單句）. It is the time of y