高中英語語法-冠詞講解及練習(xí)

冠詞用法一. 不定冠詞的用法 1. 表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。There is a book on the desk.2. a/an+ 單數(shù)n.表類別，指一類人或事物。A horse is a useful animal.3.表one, a certain, every, the sameIll return in a day or two.A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.They are nearly of an age.4.用在抽象名詞前，a + 抽象名 詞，即抽象名詞具體化。如：This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a pleasure to talk with you. It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.a surprise/success/failure5.與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper! Please give me a black coffee!6. 在同位語中，常用a/an+ n.（one）Mike and Lucy, a newly married couple, had a happy honeymoon in Paris.7. 用在某些固定詞組中.after a while 過了一會兒 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常 as a result 結(jié)果，因此as a matter of fact 事實上 as a whole 大體上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 急忙in a way 在某種程度上 in a word 總而言之 put an end to 結(jié)束come to an end 結(jié)束come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒 have a word with 和談一談make a living 謀生make a fire 生火make a fool of 愚弄take a walk a knowledge of, a understanding of, a collection of8. 不定冠詞的特殊位置 1） as/so/too/how/however+ adj.+ a/an+單數(shù)n. So short a time. Too long a distance. 2) what/such/half+ a/an+單數(shù)n. I have never seen such an animal.二. 定冠詞的用法 1.表特指的人或物L(fēng)ook at the blackboard.There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.2. the+單數(shù)n.表類別The horse is a useful animal.3. 表世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物，但若此類名詞前有修飾成分，也可用a/an the sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, the universe a full moonbut: in nature, in space, in society, in history4. 用在普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。 the United States, the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Rocky Mountains, 5. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、only, very, same前。the second story, the largest room, the third longest river但：1）a/an+序數(shù)詞表“又一，再一”；the+序數(shù)詞表排序“第一，第二.”Would you give me a second chance?2) a most +adj.最高級:very, the most +adj.最高級表“最.”a most beautiful picture= a very beautiful picture6. 用在方位名詞前on the left, in the east / west7. 用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人,作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded8. 表“按計算” by the yard/the dozen/the month/the day/the week/ton 但： by size by time by weight9. 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table10. 西洋樂器名詞前 Do you like to play the piano or the violin? 11. 在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.12. 年代，朝代前In the 1870s/1870s, the Tang Dynasty13. 動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位He hit him in the face. beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head14. the+比較級表兩者中“較.的”，a+比較級表“一個更.的” He is the taller of the two boys. I dont like the bike. I want a better one.15. 用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。如：all the same 仍然all the time 一直 all the year round 一年到頭at the age of 在歲時at the beginning of 起初; 開始at the end of 在的盡頭/末尾16. 定冠詞位置 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在exactly, just, all, both，double，half，twice等詞之后，名詞之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了三. 不用冠詞的情況(零冠詞) 1. 專有名詞前 China , America, John,2. 可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格限制時 This book is mine.3. 季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Daybut: in the spring of that year, I met him on a Monday last month. We had a wonderful supper.4. 稱呼語，表示頭銜的名詞作表語、補(bǔ)足語及同位語時Whats this, Mother?He was made monitor. George W. Bush is president of the USA.5. 學(xué)科名詞，球類、棋類名詞前Do you study mathematics?He likes playing football / chess.6. 不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指前Water is very important. Computers are widely used in our daily life.7. 在與by連用的交通工具名稱前by car( bus, train, water, air, land)8. 某些固定詞組中day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there9. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French. 10. 系動詞turn（作“變成”解）后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turned writer.= The young girl has become a writer11.no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后面的名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this village12. man “人類” nature “自然”前不用冠詞。13. 常見純不可數(shù)名詞，不與a/an 連用。 fun, weather, advice, progress, baggage, luggage, furniture, equipment, space, health, wealth, word=news, information, luck注意：有無冠詞的區(qū)別at table 在進(jìn)餐 at the table 在桌子旁邊at desk 在讀書 at the desk 在課桌旁at school 在上學(xué) at the school 在學(xué)校里in class 在上課 in the class 在班級里面in bed 臥床 in the bed 在床上in prison 坐牢 in the prison （因事）在監(jiān)獄in hospital 住院 in the hospital （因事）在醫(yī)院 go to school 去上學(xué) go to the school （因事）去學(xué)校go to bed 上床睡覺 go to the bed 在床上go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 take place 發(fā)生 take the place 代替in place of 代替 in the place of 在.的地方in case of 萬一 in the case of 就.來說out of question 毫無疑問 out of the question 完全不可能1. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; theB. 不填; aC. the; aD. a; 不填2.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day. A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 3. Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George. A./,/ B. the,/ C the; the D./, the4. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a5. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a6. The Smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a 7.I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by _ evening the pain had gone.A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an8. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 9. The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 10. The “Chinese Dream” is _ dream to improve peoples well-being and _ dream of harmony, peace and development.A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the11. Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /12. It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky. A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填13. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _thirteenth century. A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the14. India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A.不填;aB. the; aC. an;不填D. an; the15. People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. the; an16. The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.A. a;/ B. the; / C. the; an D. a; an17. Four and_ half hours of d