三筆實(shí)務(wù)真題05-11

2005年11月三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題英譯漢The Gap Between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. CapitalWashington D.C. ranks first among the 40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of households in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced.The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent.I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge, David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area.The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the areas special job opportunities, which attract high-income households. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school.In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reasons why high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. to the Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools, stated Garrison.As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor.The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper, Garrison explained.Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and wont be fixed overnight.Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the Districts tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C.s infrastructure. But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. Bushs tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all it just didnt benefit them as much as it did the rich, Garrison said. The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bushs tax-cut plan much.Garrison concludes, A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration.漢譯英亞洲是我們共同的家園，亞洲的和平、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展關(guān)系到亞洲各國人民的共同命運(yùn)。我們高興地看到，在當(dāng)前總體和平穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境下，亞洲也迎來了有史以來較為穩(wěn)定的和平發(fā)展時(shí)期。這就是一個(gè)最重要的新機(jī)會(huì)。在亞洲各國政府和人民的共同努力下，亞洲的發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的良好態(tài)勢，突出表現(xiàn)在：亞洲巨大的市場潛能逐步得到開發(fā)，亞洲各國和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的成效顯著，產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化升級(jí)繼續(xù)加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，亞洲已成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)最具活力的地區(qū)之一?！拔覀冋f，要把握亞洲尋求共贏的新機(jī)會(huì)，這又是一個(gè)新機(jī)會(huì)?！眮喼藓推?、穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展的整體氛圍，促進(jìn)了亞洲區(qū)域合作進(jìn)程的快速發(fā)展，一個(gè)平等、多元、開放、互利的地區(qū)合作新局面正在逐步形成。特別是以東亞、東盟、中亞、南盟、亞洲合作對(duì)話以及多雙邊自由貿(mào)易安排為標(biāo)志，各種形式的區(qū)域、次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作蓬勃發(fā)展。這同樣也是一個(gè)新機(jī)會(huì)。這些積極而重大的變化，既為推動(dòng)亞洲區(qū)域合作提供了有利條件，也為亞洲各國和地區(qū)的發(fā)展帶來了歷史性機(jī)遇?！爸灰覀兝^續(xù)相互尊重、平等對(duì)待，把握發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)，把握住己的命運(yùn)，就一定能夠促進(jìn)亞洲的發(fā)展與振興，達(dá)致互利共贏的目標(biāo)?！?006年5月英語三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題英譯漢Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russias northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year. It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing. For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle,a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding. In Finnmark, Norways northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them. A changing Arctic is felt there, too. The reindeer are becoming unhappy, said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance. And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat. The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns, said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. They dont mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. 漢譯英維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，謀求合作共贏，是各國人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的當(dāng)今時(shí)代潮流。中國高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟，堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，與世界各國一道，共同致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。 中國與世界從未像今天這樣緊密相連。中國政府把中國人民的根本利益與各國人民的共同利益結(jié)合起來，堅(jiān)持奉行防御性的國防政策。中國的國防服從和服務(wù)于國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略，旨在維護(hù)國家安全統(tǒng)一，確保實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)。中國永遠(yuǎn)是維護(hù)世界和平、安全、穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量。 中國在經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上推進(jìn)國防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化，是適應(yīng)世界新軍事變革發(fā)展趨勢、維護(hù)國家安全和發(fā)展利益的需要。中國不會(huì)與任何國家進(jìn)行軍備競賽，不會(huì)對(duì)任何國家構(gòu)成軍事威脅。新世紀(jì)新階段，中國把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀作為國防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)的重要指導(dǎo)方針，積極推進(jìn)中國特色軍事變革，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)國防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。2006年11月英語三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題英譯漢Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, theWorld Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.Under the agreement, Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu. Its just enough to deal with an initial outbreak, said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic. Its just enough to deal with an initial outbreak, said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic. The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003. Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded.But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves. Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns, the WHO says. A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry. When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent, Lee said: We dont know when it will come. But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now. Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu. A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18 months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a complicated production process. 漢譯英年來，中國堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開放，社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制初步建立，開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)形成，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力不斷增強(qiáng)，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，人民生活總體上實(shí)現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越。從年至年的年間，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長。年前，中國年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為億美元，去年已達(dá)到多億美元。年前，中國年進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額為億美元，去年已達(dá)到億美元。年前，中國外匯儲(chǔ)備為億美元，去年已達(dá)到億美元。目前，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量居世界第六，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第四。中國之所以能夠發(fā)生這樣巨大的變化，最關(guān)鍵的原因是我們始終堅(jiān)持走中國特色社會(huì)主義道路，始終堅(jiān)持改革開放，激發(fā)了全體人民的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性。 中國雖然取得了很大的發(fā)展成就，但中國人口多，底子薄，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達(dá)，發(fā)展很不平衡，生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾比較突出。雖然中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)突破美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，使全體人民都過上富裕生活，還需要進(jìn)行長期不懈的艱苦奮斗。 我們已經(jīng)明確了本世紀(jì)頭年的奮斗目標(biāo)，這就是全面建設(shè)惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)，到年實(shí)現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比年翻兩番，達(dá)到萬億美元，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到美元，使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進(jìn)步、文化更加繁榮、社會(huì)更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實(shí)。2007年5月英語三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題英譯漢部分It took nine years from the time the Danish and Swedish governments agreed to build a fixed link between their countries to the time the first car, train, truck and bicyclists crossed the Oresund Bridge.Construction of the bridge, including design and cornerstone, began in March 1991 and was completed in July 2000. Today, it is the longest stone-stayed road and rail bridge in the world. At approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers), including the tunnel, it is an engineering and architectural marvel. But as time has proven, the bridge is a cultural and economic boon as well. The sleek span of concrete whose design typifies Scandinavian minimalism has contributed greatly to the development of the Oresund region: the eastern part of Denmark, including Copenhagen, and the southwestern part of Sweden, including Malm and Lund.The level of commuting between Malm and Copenhagen has quadrupled since the opening of the bridge in 2000, and the number of Danes moving to the south of Sweden has increased sixfold. The Oresund region has become a cultural and economic powerhouse, considered a model region by the European Union.Work on the bridge began in 1995, and was undertaken by a team of international consulting and construction companies.From the beginning, construction of the bridge complied with some of the worlds toughest environmental regulations, as well as many advanced design and construction details. The Mexico-based CEMEX, one of the worlds largest producers of Cement and ready-mix concrete, was awarded a contract to deliver tons of high-quality cement to help build the main part of the bridge, the two approach bridges and the tunnel.When it opened in July 2000, the Oresund Bridge consisted of a 3.5-kilometer immersed tunnel, the largest of its kind in the world, a 4-kilometer long artificial island (made from mud dug out from the bottom of strait to make space for the tunnel) and a 7.8-kilometer cable-stayed bridge, the worlds longest bridge including both a highway and a railroad.Though just half of the total construction, the actual bridge span, is visible above water, the overall architecture was designed to please the eye from both the Danish and Swedish sides of the strait.The four 204-meter (670 feet) tall pillars carrying the bridge have a simple Scandinavian design. To drivers and passengers crossing the bridge, the pillars provide a visual, as well as actual, impression of stability and calm.The two-level structure is made of steel and concrete. Along tile two approach bridges, tracks are piaced in concrete troughs that turn into steel decks on the bridge. The bridges upper deck carries cars and trucks, while the lower deck accommodates the railroad. The four pillars are grounded in giant cement boxes placed at the bottom of the strait, about 18 meters below sea level.Last year, an average of 13,600 vehicles and 17,000 passengers crossed the bridge everyday, and traffic continues to increase by 10-20 percent every year.Throughout the construction process, the Danish and Swedish environmental agencies have surveyed but found no changes in the wildlife, birds, fish and vegetation surrounding the bridge. In addition, the chemicals used in construction and the percentage of waste materials have been kept to a minimum, as required by both Danish and Swedish laws.In 2003, the Oresund Bridge won the IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structural Award for its innovative design, planning and construction management, as well as its strict compliance with the time schedule, budget and environmental requirements.漢譯英能源是人類社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。縱觀人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的歷史，人類文明的每一次重大進(jìn)步都伴隨著能源的改進(jìn)和更替。能源的開發(fā)利用極大地推進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展。過去100多年里，發(fā)達(dá)國家先后完成了工業(yè)化，消耗了地球上大量的自然資源，特別是能源資源。當(dāng)前，一些發(fā)展中國家正在步入工業(yè)化階段，能源消費(fèi)增加是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的客觀必然。中國是當(dāng)今世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，擺脫貧困，是中國政府和中國人民在相當(dāng)長一段時(shí)期內(nèi)的主要任務(wù)。20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，中國作為世界上發(fā)展最快的發(fā)展中國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的輝煌成就，成功地開辟了中國特色社會(huì)主義道路，為世界的發(fā)展和繁榮作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。中國是目前世界上第二位能源生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國。能源供應(yīng)持續(xù)增長，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了重要的支撐。能源消費(fèi)的快速增長，為世界能源市場創(chuàng)造了廣闊的發(fā)展空間。中國已經(jīng)成為世界能源市場不可或缺的重要組成部分，對(duì)維護(hù)全球能源安全，正在發(fā)揮著越來越重要的積極作用。2007年11月英語三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)試題英譯漢One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face.But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies. It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting Cs and Ds, and college never felt like home, anyway.I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck, Mr. Blevins recalled. I just knew I didnt want to quit.So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20s now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960s, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most come from poor and working-class families.The system makes a false promise to students, said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.漢譯英中國自1978年開始實(shí)行改革開放政策以來，極大地解放和發(fā)展了中國的社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增長9.67%。中國在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)總量中所占比重不到1%，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達(dá)到了4%。從19782005年，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長9以上，GDP由1 473億美元增加到22 600億美元，年進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額由206億美元增加到16 000億美元，外匯儲(chǔ)備由1億多美元增加到8 000多億美元。目前，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量居世界第4位，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第3位。中國的崛起就是要充分利用世界和平的大好時(shí)機(jī)，努力發(fā)展和壯大自己。同時(shí)又以自己的發(fā)展，維護(hù)世界和平。中國的崛起離不開世界。中國必須堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開放的政策，在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，同世界一切友好國家發(fā)展經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系。中國堅(jiān)持以和平的方式發(fā)展，一貫奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策。中國的外交宗旨是維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展。中國的發(fā)展有利于中國周邊地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定、世界的持久和平與各國的共同發(fā)展。事實(shí)表明，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，正在成為亞太地區(qū)、乃至整個(gè)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的重要推動(dòng)力量。中國的崛起不會(huì)妨礙任何人，也不會(huì)威脅任何人。中國用科學(xué)發(fā)展觀指導(dǎo)國內(nèi)發(fā)展，同時(shí)維護(hù)國際社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。中國充分利用世界和平發(fā)展帶來的機(jī)遇發(fā)展自己，又以自身的發(fā)展更好地維護(hù)世界和平。中國堅(jiān)持奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展。中國發(fā)展是世界發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要組成部分，中國以自