主謂一致公開(kāi)課教案

主謂一致授課教案教師：柴 學(xué)生：12高考電子 時(shí)間：2015年 1 月 9 日 第三課一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與重、難點(diǎn)分析：教學(xué)目標(biāo)：主謂一致在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上的重要性，要求高中生必須準(zhǔn)確的掌握它的正確形式，還有主謂一致（意義一致，語(yǔ)法一致和鄰近原則）三種原則的技巧和變通重、難點(diǎn)：數(shù)詞和主謂一致連用的混淆二、授課內(nèi)容： 課題：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致【知識(shí)梳理】定義：在英語(yǔ)中，句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致關(guān)系，叫主謂一致。這種關(guān)系通常要遵循下面三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，鄰近原則?！局攸c(diǎn)講解】鄰近原則(一).就前一致: (即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的中心詞一致)名詞 A + + 名詞 B 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞僅與 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _（ like)basketball. 2.The teacher as well as her students _(be) fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(pass) the exam 4.He, rather than you, _(win the game) (二).就后一致: (即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的中心詞一致) + 名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于后面名詞的數(shù) 1.One third of the students in our class_ (be) boys. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ (be) covered with / by water. 3.Half of the money _ (use) by Tom.4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. or eitherorneither.no not but not onlybut alsoThere be (三) 就近一致：連接的詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致1._ (be) you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ (be) the winner. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _(go) in for rock music. 4.There _ (be) a pen and some books on the table.【難點(diǎn)講解】1.集合名詞如 family, team, class, group, population 作主語(yǔ), 如果作為一個(gè)整體看待, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 如果指集體里每一個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music. 2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers3. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 4. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words. 5. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tipsto learn English2. 單復(fù) 數(shù)同形的詞如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工廠) 作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文取決單復(fù)數(shù). 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem. 2.There _（be） a newly- built chemical works.3.一些總是以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn), 成雙成對(duì)的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果單獨(dú)出現(xiàn), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),如果前面有 a / this / that pair of 修飾, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 1.The trousers _（be） mine. This pair of trousers _（be）mine. 2. Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well.4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase)every year.5. 1. A singer and dancer _ (have) been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _(have) been invited to the party.6.1. Tom is one of the worker who_(be) fired by the company last week. 2. Tom is the only one of the workers who _(be) fired by the company last week四除了就近原則外，還有一些特殊的情況需要注意： 1表示時(shí)間、重量、數(shù)目、價(jià)格、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管它們是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果把這些復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞或詞組看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。如： Three weeks is a short time三個(gè)星期是很短的時(shí)間。 2動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： To see is to believe眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 It is not easy to master a foreign language要掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是不容易的。 3由and連接兩個(gè)單詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要看其表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示的是一個(gè)整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Danish bacon and egg makes a good meal丹麥咸肉燉蛋成了一頓美餐。（咸肉燉蛋看作一道菜肴。） the writer and the teacher are coming作家和老師走來(lái)了。（作家和老師是兩個(gè)人。） 4集合名詞people（人、人民），police一般看作復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外一些集合名詞，如family，enemy，class， population，army等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)它們表示的是整體意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)或著重指?jìng)€(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Are there any police around？附近有警察嗎？ there were few people present出席的人寥寥無(wú)幾。 5名詞性物主代詞mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；動(dòng)詞后面名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： His is a new bike他的是一輛新自行車。 6many a意為“許多”，但因后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如： Many a person has had that kind of experience許多人都有過(guò)這種經(jīng)歷。規(guī)則1：主語(yǔ)是（wh-詞+）to do，doing和主語(yǔ)從句；主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的不定代詞；主語(yǔ)是表示單位數(shù)量的時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量等名詞；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式的學(xué)科名詞physics, politics或國(guó)家名the United States等，或書(shū)名、名人名言等句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。規(guī)則2：主語(yǔ)是成雙成套的名詞shoes, trousers, stockings, glasses等；主語(yǔ)是集體名詞people, cattle, police (人們、牛、警察)；主語(yǔ)是“the+形容詞”表一類人或物，或“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表一家人句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)則3：主語(yǔ)是集合名詞family, team, class, crowd, government, enemy, audience等時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整體（譯為家庭、班級(jí)、政府等整體單位），句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體（譯為家人們、同學(xué)們、隊(duì)員們等個(gè)體成員），句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)則4：主語(yǔ)是and連接的兩個(gè)并列部分（標(biāo)志通常是有兩個(gè)冠詞a/an/the），句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若and連接的兩個(gè)部分指同一人、物、事件或概念時(shí)（標(biāo)志通常是只有一個(gè)冠詞a/an/the），句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。規(guī)則5：定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其主語(yǔ)決定：主語(yǔ)為單，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為單，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為復(fù)。規(guī)則6：“as/like/as well as/with/together with/along with/except/but/other than/besides/rather than/including+名詞”只是一個(gè)介賓短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)，對(duì)真正的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式無(wú)影響。規(guī)則7： “one of+名詞” 做主語(yǔ)，表“其中之一”，其中的“of+名詞”也只是一個(gè)of的介賓短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)，對(duì)真正的主語(yǔ)one和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式也不產(chǎn)生影響?！皌he only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”為先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是the only one，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”為先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。規(guī)則8：every, each, many a/an, more than one等修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用單數(shù)。但each用作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不產(chǎn)生影響。規(guī)則9：“none/neither/all (+of+名詞/代詞)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù)，要看句意偏向。規(guī)則10：“many/a great many/few/a few/dozens of/scores of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 “much/little/a little/ a good deal of/a bit of +不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 “half/most/all/part/some/lots/plenty/the rest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由of后的名詞決定； “the number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，中心詞是the number，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；“a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，中心詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 “amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由amount決定，用單數(shù)；“amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由amounts決定，用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a large quantity of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式可以由quantity決定，只用單數(shù)；也可由of后所跟名詞決定，單復(fù)均可?！發(fā)arge quantities of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由quantities決定，只用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a pair of/2 pairs of +名詞”這樣的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由pair或pairs決定。規(guī)則11： or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut, th