初一英語學習知識點總結(詳解版).doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除初一英語學習知識點總結一、初一英語語法詞法1、名詞A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分，復數(shù)的構成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies,2）以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員九）合成的復數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數(shù)則同時為復數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個字母的復數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）復數(shù)以s結尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers Day教師節(jié), classmates; Childrens Day六一節(jié), Womens Day三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個s，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且1個元音字母1個輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠)good/well - better bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill worse worstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結構)否定陳述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is . 問原因 Why do you want to join the club? 問時間 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 問地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 問人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問價格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問謂語(動作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、初一英語語法時態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時，它有：Be 動詞：Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情態(tài)動詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行為動詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進行就使用進行時態(tài)，結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.