延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 是指表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。如：study, work, stand, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+ 時(shí)間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 這類動(dòng)詞也可稱為終止性動(dòng)詞、短暫性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他已經(jīng)死了三年了。誤：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。誤：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.兩者的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave - be away, borrow - keep,buy - have, begin/start - be on,die - be dead, fall ill - be illfinish - be over open sth - keep sth open,get up-be up, come here - be here,go there - be there, fall asleep - be asleepbecome - be, come back - be back,get to know - know, go (get) out be out，put on wear catch a cold have a coldmarry/get married-be married等例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years.- It is 4 years since the old man died.-Four years has passed since the old man died.練習(xí)題用過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1. _ you _ (have) lunch yet?When _ you _ (have) it? I _ (have) it at half past eleven.2. _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. _ they ever _ (be) abroad?5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. My father _ (finish) his work just now.短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞arrive at/in be in 1) He arrived in Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up； die be dead； leave be away fromfall asleep/get to sleep be asleep； finish/end be over； marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep；buy have ；put on wearcatch/get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been