建筑結構英語常用詞匯

.總體設計General design設計依據Design basis建筑紅線Building line建筑系數Coefficient of building occupation界區(qū)Battery limited有效面積Effective area使用面積Usable area結構面積Structural area建筑面積Building area建筑面積密度Density of building area豎向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高線Contour line相對標高Relative elevation絕對標高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度Basic earthquake intensity抗震設防烈度Fortification intensity風玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Building orientation建筑間距Building distance公頃Hectare指北針North arrow測北Geophical north建北Plant north氣象Meteorology日照Sunshine天然采光Natural lighting人工照明Artificant light; artificial illumination照度Degree of illumination通風Ventilation正壓通風Positive ventilating噪聲Noise隔聲Sound insulation吸聲Sound absorption保溫隔熱Heat insulation露點Dewpoint冷橋Cold-bridge遮陽Sunshade恒溫恒濕Constant temperature & constant humidity消聲Noise elimination; noise reduction防振antivibration4.2 建筑一般詞匯Conventional terms of architecture方案Scheme; draft草圖Sketch透視圖Perspective drawing建筑構圖Architectural composition坐標Coordinate縱坐標Ordinate橫坐標Abscissa跨度Span開關Bay進深Depth層高Floor height凈高Clear height; headroom橫數Module; modulus裙房Skirt building樓梯Stair梯段Stair slab樓梯平臺Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散樓梯Escape staircase樓梯間Stair well封閉樓梯間Enclosure staircase防煙樓梯間Smoke prevention stair well消防電梯間Emergency elevators well自動扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escape way耐火等級Fire-resistive grade生產類別Classification of production耐火極限Duration of fire-resistance防火間距File-break distance泄壓面積Area of pressure release悶頂Mezanine; mezzanine磚標號Grade of brick; strength of brick承重墻Bearing wall非承重墻Non-bearing wall擋土墻Retaining wall填充墻Filler wall圍護墻Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女兒墻Parapet wall隔墻Partition（浴室、廁所）隔斷Stall窗間墻Pier墻垛Pillar過梁Lintel圈梁Gird; girt; girth防潮層Damp-proof course勒腳Plinth橫梁Transverse beam縱橫Longitudinal wall山墻Gable; gable wall防火墻Fire wall壓頂Coping勾縫Pointing磚砌平拱Brick flat arch預埋件Embedded inserts直抓梯Ladder欄桿Railing防腐蝕Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化學溶蝕Chemical erosion膨脹腐蝕Expansion corrosion化學腐蝕Chemical corrosion電化學腐蝕Electro-chemical corrosion晶間腐蝕Intergranular corrosion氣相腐蝕Gaseous corrosion液相腐蝕Liquidoid corrosion固相腐蝕Solid corrosion腐蝕裕度Allowance for corrosion銹蝕rusting4.3 建筑材料Building materials級配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯實Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete鋼筋混凝土Reinforced concrete(R.C)細石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete輕質混凝土Lightweight concrete加氣混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶?；炷罜eramsite concrete水泥膨脹珍珠巖Cement & expended pearlite巖棉Mineral wool; mine wool瀝青asphalt卷材Felt瑪蹄脂Asphalt mastic粘土磚Clay brick釉面磚Porcelain enamel brick空心磚Hollow brick砌塊Block缸磚guarry brick錦磚mosac地面磚paving brick防滑地磚non-slip brick耐酸磚（板）acidbrick (acidtile)膠泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形鍍鋅鋼板galvanized corrugate steel sheet玻璃鋼瓦glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色壓型鋼（鉛）板coloured corrugate steel (aluminium) plat;profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花崗石granite磨光花崗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石marble水泥砂漿抹面cement plaster石灰砂漿抹面lime plaster水泥石灰砂漿抹面cement-lime plaster刀灰打底hemp-cut and lime as base原木Log方木square timber板材plank膠合板plywood三夾板3plywood五夾板5plywood平板玻璃flat glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass起 玻璃prism glass夾絲玻璃Wire glass夾層玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass鋼化玻璃reinforced glass鍍膜玻璃coating glass有機玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑構造及配件Building construction & component鋪砌paving地坪grade基層bedding素土夯實rammed earth墊層base結合層bonding course面層Covering隔離層insulation course活動地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示塊ground prompt遮陽板sunshade窗套Window moulding護角curb guard防水層water-proof course找平層Leveling course隔熱層heat insulation course保溫層thermal insulation course檁條purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊頂suspending ceiling吊頂龍骨ceiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天溝Valley挑檐overhanging eave檐口eave泛水flashing分水線watershed檐溝eave gutter匯水面積catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp臺階entrance steps保溫門thermal insulation door隔聲門（窗）sound insulation door (window);acoustical door (window)防火門（窗）fire door (window)冷藏門freezer door安全門exit door防護門（窗）protection door (window)屏蔽門（窗）Shield door (window)防風砂門radiation resisting door (window)密閉門（窗）weather tight door泄壓門（窗）pressure release door (window)壁柜門closet door變壓器間門transformer room door圍墻門gate車庫門garage door保險門safe door引風門ventilation door檢修門access door平開門（窗）side-hung door推拉門（窗）sliding door彈簧門swing door折迭門folding door卷簾門rolling door轉門revolving door夾板門plywood door拼板門FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door);matchboard door實拼門solid door鑲板門panel door鑲玻璃門glazed door玻璃門glass door鋼木門steel & wooden door百頁門shutter door連窗門door with side window傳遞窗delivery window觀察窗observation window換氣窗vent sast上懸窗top-hung window中懸窗center-pivoted window下懸窗bottom-hung window立轉窗vertically pivoted window固定窗fixed window單層窗single window雙層窗double window百頁窗shutter帶形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window組合窗composite window落地窗French window玻璃幕墻glazed curtain wall門（窗）框door (window) frame拼樘料transom （橫），mullion （豎）門（窗）扇door (window) leaf(平開窗扇 casement sash)紗扇screen sash亮子transom, fanlight門心板pancl披水板weather board貼臉板trim筒子板Lining窗臺板sill plate防護鐵柵barricade; iron grille; grating合頁butts; hinges; butt hinges執(zhí)手knob撐檔catch滑道sliding track插銷bolt拉手pull推板push plate門鎖mortice lock; door lock執(zhí)手鎖mortice lock with knob4.5 建筑結構Building structure4.5.1 荷載Load活荷載Live load靜荷載，恒載Dead load靜力荷載Static load移動荷載Moving load動力荷載Dynamic load沖擊荷載impact load附加荷載Superimposed load規(guī)定荷載（又稱標準荷載）Specified Load集中荷載Concentrated Load分布荷載Distributed Load設計荷載Design Load軸向荷載Axial Load偏心荷載Eccentric Load風荷載Wind Load風力、風壓Wind force、Wind Pressure雪荷載Snow Load屋面積灰荷載Roof ash Load（吊車）最大輪壓Maximum Wheel Load吊車荷載Crane Load安裝荷載Erection Load施工荷載Construction Load不對稱荷載Unsymmetrical Loading重復荷載Repeated Load剛性荷載Rigid Load柔性荷載Flexible Load臨界荷載Critical Load容許荷載Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load極限荷載Ultimate Load條形荷載Strip Load破壞荷載Failure Load, Load at failure地震荷載Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷載組合Combination of load4.5.2 地基和基礎Soil and foundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Natural ground人工地基Artificial ground混凝土基礎Concrete foundation; Concrete footing毛石基礎Rubble masonry footing;(Rubble) stone footing磚基礎Brickwork footing樁基礎Pile foundation設備基礎Equipment foundation機器基礎Machine foundation獨立基礎Individual footing, Isolated foundationPad foundation聯合基礎Combined footing大塊式基礎Massive foundation條形基礎Strip foundation; Strip footingStrap footing; Continuous footing方形基礎Square footing杯形基礎Footing socket板式基礎Slab-foundation; Mat footing階梯形基礎Stepped foundation; Benched foundation(Stepped footing)擴展基礎spread footing擴底基礎Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foundationFloating foundation沉箱（井）基礎Caisson foundation構架式基礎Frame foundation深基礎Deep foundation基礎Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基礎板Foundation slab基礎梁Foundation beam Footing beam基礎底面Foundation base基礎底板Foundation mat基礎墊層Foundation-bed基礎埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下連續(xù)墻Undelground continuous wall打樁Pile driving打樁機Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine鋼樁Steel pile水樁Wood pile; Timber pile鋼筋混凝土樁Reinforced concrete pile砂樁Sand pile石灰樁Lime pile; Lime column; Quicklime pile單樁Single pile群樁Pile group; Pile cluster斜樁Batter pile預制樁precast pile灌注樁In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pileCast-in-situ pile; Filling pile板樁sheet pile拆密樁Compaction pile擠密砂樁Sand compaction pile灰土擠密樁Line-soil compaction pile鉆孔樁Bored pile打入樁Driuen pile摩擦樁Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承樁End bearing pile; Point bearing pile;Column pile (柱樁）支承樁Bearing pile抗拔樁Tension pile; Uplift pile;抗滑樁Anti-slicle pile樁承臺Pile cap樁帽Pile cap; pile couel樁頭Pile crown; pile head樁端Pile tip樁身Pile shaft樁距Pile spacing樁鋼筋籠Pile cage試樁Test pile樁荷載試驗Pile load test樁的動荷載試驗Dynamic load test of pile樁的側向荷載試驗Lateral pile load test樁的極限荷載Ultimate pile load樁承載能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pileCarrying capacity of a pile土壓力Earth pressure主動土壓力Active earth pressure被動土壓力Passive earth pressure靜止土壓力Earth pressure at rest容許地耐力Allowable bearing strength冰凍深度Frozen depth; Frost depth;Frost penetration depth of frost penetration防凍深度Frost-proof depth粘土類土Clayey soil輕亞粘土Sandy loam亞粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂質土Sandy soil砂礫石Sandy gravel stratum膨脹土Expansive soil硬質土，硬盤巖，硬土層Hard pan液限Liquid limit塑限Plastic limit塑料指數Index of plasticity松軟土Mellow soil; spongy soil回填土Backfill Refilling雜填土Miscellaneous fill地表水Surface water;地下水Groundwater地下水位Groundwater eltualion;Groundwater level; Groundwater table容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight濕容重Wet unit weight飽和容重Saturated unit weight不均勻沉降Unequal settlement;Differential settlement地基處理Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improvement土質查勘Soil exploration地質勘察Geological exploration沉陷Settlement傾斜obliquity; Inclination滑移Sliding夯實土Compacted soil夯實填土Compacted fill夯實回填土Tamped backfill夯實分層厚度Compacted lift持力層Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course管道與基礎相碰Pipeline interferes with foundation4.5.3 一般結構用語Terms for general structures建筑結構Building structure建筑物Building結構形式Structural type混凝土（砼）結構Concrete structure砌體結構Masonry structure磚砌結構Brick structure石砌結構Stone structure磚砼結構Brick and concrete structure鋼結構Steel structure結構型鋼Shape steel木結構Timber structure組合結構Composite structure框架結構Frame structure梁板結構Beam and slab structure構件Member承重構件Load-bearing member結構構件Structure member肋形屋蓋Ribbed roof肋形樓板Ribbed floor slab無梁樓板Flat plate; Flat slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof truss折線形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring truss框架Frame排架Bent frame剛架Rigid frame門架Portal frame抗風構架Wind frame抗震構架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girder主梁Principal beam; Primary beam次梁Secondary beam加腋梁Haunched beam筒支梁Simply beam固端梁Fixed beam懸臂梁Cantilever beam連續(xù)梁Continuous beam托梁Spandrel圈梁girth過梁Lintel曲梁Curved beam bow beam基礎梁Foundation beam吊車梁Crane girderT形梁T-beam柱Column組合柱Combination column立柱Post吊車柱Crane column抗風柱End panel column墻wall板slab plate承重墻Bearing walls柱網Column grid支撐系統(tǒng)Brace system柱間支撐Portal bracing between columns屋石支撐Roof bracing垂直支撐Vertical bracing水平支撐Horizontal bracing剪刀撐Cross bracing臨時頂撐,支撐Shoring桁架式支撐Trussed bracing斜撐Kneel-brace上弦Top chord下弦Bottom chord節(jié)間Panel節(jié)點Panel point壓桿Compression member; strut拉桿Tension member; Tie-beam腹桿Web member斜桿Diagonal member斜腹桿Diagonal web member吊桿Hanged rod; sag rod系桿，拉桿Tie bar; sag rod天窗架Skylight frame天窗Monitor; Skylight托座、牛腿Bracket檀條Purlin連接Connection接點Joint鉸接點Hinged point固接點Fixed Joint安裝接點Erection joint拼接接點Splice joint節(jié)點板、連接板Gusset plate; connecting plate加勁板Stiffener plate支撐板Bearing plate填隙板Filler plate梁柱接頭Beam-column connections截面Cross section拱Arch殼Shell伸縮縫Expansion joint沉降縫Settlement joint施工縫Construction joint防震縫Aseismic joint4.5.4 結構理論用語Terms for theory of slructuresa) 設計方法術語Terms for design method結構設計Structure design按極限強度設計Ultimate strength design按許可應力設計Working stress design按承載能力設計Loading capacity design按穩(wěn)定性設計Design according to stability按變形設計Design according to deformation結構分析Structural analysis結構計算Structural calculation靜定結構Statically determinate structures超靜定結構Statically indeterminste structures精確計算Rigorous calculation近似計算Approximate calculation安全等級Safety classes極限狀態(tài)Limit states摩擦系數Coefficient of friction質量密度Mass density重力密度Weight (Force) densityb) 結構的作用效應術語軸向力Normal force剪力Shear force彎矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontal thrust水平拉力Horizontal pull水平（垂直）分力Horizontal (vertical) component合力Resultant正應力Normal stress剪應力Shear stress主應力Principal stress次應力Secondary stress預應力Prestress位移Displacement撓度Deflection變形Deformation彎曲Bending; Flexure扭轉Torsionc) 材料性能、結構抗力術語Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure抗力Resistancc抵抗力矩Resistante moment強度Strength剛度Stiffness; Rigidity抗裂度Crack resistance抗壓強度Compressiue strength抗拉強度Tensile strength抗剪強度Shear strength抗變強度Flcxural strength抗扭強度Torsional strength抗裂強度Cracking strength屈服強度Yield strength疲勞強度Fatigue strength彈性模量Modulus of elasticity剪切模量Shear modulus變形模量Modulus of deformation穩(wěn)定性Stabilith泊松比Poisson ratiod) 幾何參數術語Terma of geometry parameter截面高度Height of section截面有效高度Effective depth of section載面寬度Breadth of section截面厚度Thickness of section截面面積Area of section截面面積矩First moment of area截面慣性矩Second moment of area截面抵抗矩模量規(guī)范中用詞Section modulus回轉半徑Radius of gyration偏心距eccentricity長度Length跨度Span矢高Rvse長細比Slenderness ratio4.5.5 磚石結構Masonry construction磚砌體Brickwork砌筑Laying磚標號Grade of brick; Strength of brick毛石砌體Rubble masonry毛石砼砌體Grouted rubble masonry水泥砂漿Cement mortar石灰砂漿Lime mortar水泥石灰砂漿cement-lime mortar砂漿找平Mortar leveling4.5.6 鋼筋砼結構Reinforced concrete structure素混凝土Plain concrete鋼筋混凝土Reinforced concrete預應力砼Prestressed concrete砼標號Grade of concrete鋼號Grade of steel整體式結構Monolithic structure裝配式結構Assembled structure預制構件Precast element; Fabricated element現澆Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site澆灌砼Concreting; Costion; Pouring;