《內(nèi)臟學(xué)總論》PPT課件

January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,內(nèi)臟學(xué),蘭州大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院人體解剖學(xué)教研室,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,內(nèi)臟(viscera)包括消化、呼吸、泌尿、生殖四個系統(tǒng)。內(nèi)臟學(xué)(splanchnology)指研究內(nèi)臟各器官形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和位置的科學(xué)。,總論,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,內(nèi)臟模式圖,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,一、內(nèi)臟的一般結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)臟器官可分為兩大類：中空性器官實質(zhì)性器官,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,中空性器官：管狀、囊狀，內(nèi)有空腔。消化道：胃、腸呼吸道：氣管、支氣管泌尿道：輸尿管、膀胱生殖道：輸精管、輸卵管、子宮,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,中空性器官的管壁有數(shù)層組織構(gòu)成，其中：消化道各器官的壁由四層組織構(gòu)成：粘膜、粘膜下層、肌層、外膜；呼吸道、泌尿道和生殖道各器官的壁由三層組織構(gòu)成。,腸壁的結(jié)構(gòu),January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,實質(zhì)性器官：內(nèi)無特定的空腔，多屬腺組織。表面：包以結(jié)締組織的被膜或漿膜；內(nèi)部：結(jié)締組織被膜深入器官實質(zhì)內(nèi)，將器官實質(zhì)分割成若干個的小單位，稱為小葉；門：分布于實質(zhì)性器官的血管、神經(jīng)、淋巴管，以及該器官的導(dǎo)管等出入器官之處，常有一凹陷，稱為該器官的門。,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,二、胸部標(biāo)志線和腹部分區(qū),January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部標(biāo)志線,前正中線anteriormedianline胸骨線sternalline鎖骨中線midclavicularline胸骨旁線parasternalline腋前線anterioraxillaryline腋后線posterioraxillaryline腋中線midaxillaryline肩胛線scapularline后正中線posteriormedianline,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部的標(biāo)志線,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部的標(biāo)志線,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,胸部的標(biāo)志線,January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,腹部的分區(qū),四分法：左上腹、右上腹和左下腹、右下腹九分法：上腹部-腹上區(qū)，左、右季肋區(qū)中腹部-臍區(qū)，左、右腹外側(cè)區(qū)下腹部-恥區(qū)，左、右腹股溝區(qū),January,2007,CopyrightDepart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG,腹部的分區(qū),January,